In this study, when Butyl ether, a type of diether-based oxygenated fuel, is mixed in each volume ratio in a naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine, the exhaust gas emission characteristics of the oxygenated component in the fuel affect each operating area of the engine I wanted to investigate the effect on. For comparative measurement of engine performance and exhaust emissions, commercial diesel and butyl ether mixed fuels were classified into 4 types according to the mixing ratio and tested. As the content of butyl ether in fuel increases, soot emission reduction increases, and when the maximum mixing amount of butyl ether (diesel 80vol-% + BE 20vol%) is applied, compared to the case of using only diesel as fuel, at 2500 rpm and no load, 39%, and about 32% of smoke reduction effect at full load was confirmed.

본 연구에서는 소형선박용 중·고속 디젤엔진에 적용하여 연구 중인 SCR+DPF 기술을 저속엔진이 설치된 선박에 탑재하여 해상 실증 시험을 수행하였다. 대상 선박(총 톤수 2,881 톤, 정격출력 1,470kW@240rpm ×1)은 국내 연해를 운항하는 일반화물선으로 배출저감설 비의 선박 탑재를 위해 도면 개발, 승인 및 선박 임시검사를 수행하였다. 저감성능 확인을 위해서 가스상물질 측정장비는 NOx technical code 및 ISO-8178의 분석방법을 준용하는 장비를 사용하였으며, 입자상물질 측정장비는 국제해사기구(IMO)에서 논의하고 있는 블랙카본 측정 방법 중 하나인 스모크미터를 사용하였다. 시험은 황 함유량 따라 MGO(0.043%), LSFO(0.42%) 2종의 연료를 사용하였으며 실제 운항 하는 엔진회전수(130, 160 및 180 rpm)를 고려하여 시험 조건을 설정하였다. 시험 조건에 따라 배출저감설비의 전·후단에서 가스상 및 입 자상(매연) 물질을 측정하여 배출저감설비의 저감효율을 확인하였으며 모든 시험 조건에서 NOx의 경우 90% 이상, 입자상물질(매연)의 경우 95% 이상의 저감효율을 확인하였고 엔진 성능의 영향을 줄 수 있는 배기가스 압력은 허용배압 기준인 50mbar 이하를 만족하였다. 본 연구를 통해 해상실증 연구의 중요성과 중소형 저속엔진 선박의 질소산화물 및 입자상물질의 동시 저감을 위한 대응 기술로 SCR+DPF 설비 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Failure diagnoses on large diesel engine are commonly detected when a deviation or fluctuation in its temperature, pressure, vibration or noise set parameter limits arises. These parameters can be easily monitored and can provide information of the engine’s present state depending on external environment and operating conditions. On the other hand, long term monitoring and condition management can be interfaced into the engine’s existing operating system. The approach is seen to keep track of monitored machines’ status using resonance and vibration amplitude. In particular, these signals will be able to identify complex vibration characteristic pertaining to such as engine torque output and support mounts. In this paper, a basic research for large diesel engine diagnosis was carried-out. The failure diagnosis collects and monitors the vibration state time history by using various vibration signals with reference to ISO 13373-1. Further, this monitoring system in the field of large diesel engines has not been applied practically and the results of this study are presented herein.

국내 대기오염물질 배출량 통계에 따르면 상당한 대기오염물질이 선박에 의해 발생하고 있다. 따라서 선박으로부터의 대기오 염물질 배출 제한과 항만지역 대기질 개선을 위해 다양한 정책들이 시행되고 있고, 국제적으로도 선박에 의한 해양오염 방지를 위해 국 제 협약 등이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 실제 운항하는 선박에서 배출되는 대기오염물질 측정에 관한 연구와 실험은 거의 이루어지고 있 지 않아, 본 연구는 이동식배출가스측정장비(PEMS)를 사용하여 실제 운항하는 9,169톤급 선박에서 발생하는 대기오염물질 배출량 평가에 대한 방법과 가능성을 제시하였다. RPM과 부하에 따라 배출량의 차이가 있었으며, NOX 배출량은 497-2,060ppm, CO2는 1.55-6.9%, CO는 0.002-0.14% 수준이다. 엔진 제조사에서 제공하는 Shop Test에 명시된 배출량과 실제 측정된 배출량에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 대상선박 의 전 항해구간에서 발생하는 각 대기오염물질 최대 배출량이 PEMS 측정 구간에 포함되는 것을 확인하여, 총톤수 10,000톤급 이내 선박 에 PEMS 활용 가능성을 검증하였다.

Diesel engine has the advantages of strong power, low fuel consumption and good durability, so it has been widely used in transportation, automobile, ship and other fields. However, the nitrogen oxides(NOx) and particulate matter(PM) emitted by diesel engines have become one of the main causes of air pollution. Especially during idling, the engine temperature is low, and there are more residual exhaust gases in the combustion chamber, resulting in the formation of more harmful emissions. In this study, performance of a single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled with diesel–biodiesel mixtures has been experimentally investigated.

The purpose of this study is to require countermeasures for alternative energy of diesel combustion engines, which has a serious impact on air pollution when using the quantitative limit of petroleum-based energy and transportation energy. This study attempted to study the usefulness of the oxygen component in fuel as a measure to reduce exhaust emissions from diesel engines used in reality. Dimethoxy methane (DMM), which contains about 42% oxygen in itself, was mixed with diesel and applied to a diesel engine. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that as the oxygen content in the fuel increased, smoke was greatly reduced and NOx increased.

In this study, the effects of fuel injection pressure changed from 45 to 65 MPa on combustion and emission characteristics were investigated in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled with diesel and palm oil biodiesel blends. The engine speed and engine load were controlled at constant 1700rpm and 100Nm, respectively. The tested fuel were PBD20 (20 vol.% palm oil biodiesel blended with 80 vol.% diesel fuel). The main and pilot injection timing was fixed at 3.5°CA BTDC and 27°CA BTDC (before top dead center), respectively. The experimental results show that the combustion pressure and heat release rate increased. In addition, the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum combustion pressure increased with an increase of the fuel injection pressure. Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased, but oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions increased as fuel injection pressure increased.

Diesel engine is used many industrial fields such as ship, power plant and big-sized vehicles and so on. Roto cap is one of the parts of system of intake and exhaust valve. Roto cap consists of body, disc spring, spring & steel ball, retainer and stop ring. Disc spring is known as taking cyclic load and cyclic load leads to fatigue damage. This study aims to investigate the stability of disc spring due to fatigue damage. As the results, the fatigue life of disc spring according to cylic load could be predicted using fatigue analysis. Consequently, disc spring showed the stability of about 1.7~2 times for criterion load of 1370N.

In this study, blending oils of diesel oil and butanol were used as fuel oil for diesel engine to measure combustion pressure, fuel consumption, air ratio and exhaust gas emission due to various operating conditions such as engine revolution and torque. Using these data, the results of analyzing the engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emission characteristics such as NOx (nitrogen oxides), CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide) and soot were as follows. The fuel conversion efficiency at each load was highest when driven in the engine revolution determined by a fixed pitch propeller law. Except 30% butanol blending oil, fuel conversion efficiency of the other fuel oils increased as the load increased. Compared to diesel oil, using 10% and 20% butanol blending oil as fuel oil was advantageous in terms of thermal efficiency, but it did not have a significant impact on the reduction of exhaust gas emissions. On the other hand, future research is needed on the results of the 20% butanol blending oil showing lower or similar levels of smoke concentration and carbon monoxide emission rate other than those types of diesel oil.

These days, our environmental pollution has been greatly threatened by various exhaust emissions from diesel engines for transportation, and there is a tendency that regulations on this are very strengthened. In this study, when biodiesel and water-cooled EGR are simultaneously applied to common rail diesel engines, which occupy most of passenger diesel engines, the characteristics of exhaust smoke and NOx were investigated. As a result of this experiment, as a result of applying less than 10% EGR to 5% biodiesel mixed fuel, it was found that smoke and NOx emissions can be simultaneously reduced.

Roto cap is usually used to diesel engine, especially, big-sized diesel engine such as ship, power plant and so on. Intake and exhaust valves are essential parts of diesel engine and thus roto cap is one of the most important parts of intake and exhaust valves. Roto cap consists of body, disc spring, spring & steel ball, retainer and stop ring. In this study, the body and disc spring in parts of roto cap were simulated using static structural analysis. The purpose of this study is to achieve the data for designing and improving the roto cap. As the results, the body of roto cap showed safety factor of 6.3 in even 2 times of 1370N(target load) and the disc spring showed safety factor of 4.9 in 2370N load.

In recent years, our reality is facing a serious risk of air pollution from transport vehicles. In particular, various exhaust emissions from diesel engines are pointed out as a serious cause of environmental pollution. This study attempted to study the potential of biodiesel as an alternative energy for CRDI diesel engines. When biodiesel 30% was applied, the smoke emission was reduced by 40% at 4000rpm compared to diesel. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in output, torque, and energy consumption. However, NOx emissions tended to increase compared to diesel. The applicability of biodiesel to CRDI diesel engines has been demonstrated for the characteristics of output and smoke emissions.

본 연구에서는 선박용 디젤 엔진에서 발생되는 크랭크케이스 수트(soot)의 재활용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여, 수트를 배기관에서 발생하는 수트와 크랭크케이스에서 발생한 수트로 분류하고, 열처리에 따른 수트의 구조적 특성을 분석하였다. 열처리는 아르곤 가스 분위기에서 2,000℃와 2,700℃로 열처리를 수행하였고, 샘플의 구조적 특성 분석을 위해 라만분광법(Raman spectroscopy)과 고분해능 전자현 미경(HRTEM)을 활용하였다. 또한, 취득한 HRTEM 이미지를 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 디지털 이미지 처리(Digital Image Processing) 기법을 활용하였다. 라만 분석 결과, 배기 수트와 2,700℃로 열처리한 수트에서 상대적으로 높은 G/D ratio가 나타났다. HRTEM 이미지에서는 두 수트 모두 유사한 형태의 흑연화된 나노 구조를 확인할 수 있었으나, 수트의 종류와 열처리 온도차에 따른 흑연화 정도의 차이를 정량 적으로 도출할 수 없는 한계가 있었다. 이에 Digital Image Processing을 통해 HRTEM 이미지의 fringe의 길이와 곡률을 정량적으로 분석하였으며, 라만 분석과 일치하는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 이는 배기 수트가 크랭크케이스 수트에 비해 더 흑연화 된 구조를 가지는 것을 의미하며, 더 높은 온도에서 열처리 할 경우 흑연의 구조로 더 잘 발달함을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과로 크랭크케이스 수트 역시 배기 수트 와 마찬가지로 흑연계 재료로 재활용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

In this study, we compared of control characteristics at two-stroke marine diesel engine by MAN B&W. It was found that MC and ME type of engine largely divide fuel injection & exhaust valve actuator by cam-shaft controlled and electro-hydraulic controlled. Computer based type of engine ME-B type is only operated exhaust valve by driving camshaft, the fuel injection system is fuel oil booster and ELFI valve by Electro-hydraulic. ME-C type is composed of a multi-way valve or FIVA valve. Therefore fuel injection system and exhaust valve system is operated by Electro-hydraulic. ME type engine was shown that the optimization of the combustion process can be achieved for any load on the engine by Electro-hydraulic control system according to the computer based.

In order to design a diesel engine system and predict its performance, it is necessary to analyze the gas flow of the intake and exhaust system. A gas flow analysis in three-dimensional (3D) format needs a high-resolution workstation and enormous time for analysis. Therefore, the method of characteristics (MOC) was used for a gas flow analysis with a fast calculation time and a low-resolution workstation. An experiment was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine to measure pressure in cylinder, intake pipe and exhaust pipe. The one-dimensional (1D) gas flow was analyzed under the same conditions as the experiment. The engine speed, valve timing and compression ratio were the same conditions and the intake pressure was inputted as the experimental results. Bent pipe such as an exhaust port that cannot be realized in 1D was omitted. As results of validation, the cylinder pressure showed accuracy, but the exhaust pipe pressure exhibited inaccuracy. This is considered as an error caused by the failure to implement a bent pipe such as an exhaust port. When analyzed in 3D, calculation time required 61 hours more based on a model of this study. In the future, we intend to implement a bent pipe that cannot be realized in 1D using 3D and prepare a method to supplement reliability by using 1D-3D coupling.

In this study, we investigated the effects of diesel-palm oil biodiesel-ethanol blends on combustion and emission characteristics in a 4-cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine at low idling operations. The engine speed and engine load was 750 rpm and 40 Nm, while the main and pilot injection timing was respectively fixed at 2 °CA before top dead center (BTDC) and 20 °CA BTDC. The experimental results showed that the cylinder pressure increased with the increasing of palm oil biodiesel ratio from 20% to 100%. In addition, the peak value of cylinder pressure increased by 4.35% compared with pure diesel fuel when 5 vol.% ethanol oil added to diesel oil. Because the palm oil biodiesel and ethanol are the oxygenated fuel, the oxygen content played an important role in improving combustion. Based on the high oxygen content of biodiesel and ethanol, their mixing with diesel fuel effectively reduced PM emissions but increased NOx slightly, while CO and HC had no significant changes.