PURPOSES : This study aims to propose drone-command standard operating procedure (SOP) guidelines and Analyze their potential application to increase the use and utility of drones in urban disaster situations. Although the effectiveness and efficiency of obtaining disaster-situation information through drones have been verified by previous studies and practical experience, a survey of actual drone usability indicated a utilization rate of only approximately 4.13%. METHODS : To provide guidance for improving drone command SOPs, prior research and relevant literature were reviewed to identify commonalities between disaster-response command and control and drone use. A sample of 73 active-duty firefighters, including incident commanders (ICs) and drone pilots, were surveyed and interviewed. The data were analyzed and categorized to establish the reasons why drones are not actively used in urban disaster-response procedures. RESULTS : The primary reasons identified for not actively utilizing drones in urban disaster areas were the lack of a drone command and control system and the lack of clear criteria for when to use drones in disaster situations. In addition, many problems were found in drone-operation procedures, including emergency flight approval, securing takeoff and landing sites, and accident burden due to urban flight obstacles. To address the issues identified, standards were proposed for the type, size, and scope of urban disasters requiring drone response; for accident-prevention on basic missions and through flight safety procedures; and for installing a video transmission and reception system to easily share drone video information with ICs. CONCLUSIONS : Application of the drone-command SOP guidelines to actual urban disaster situations by disaster type will help to improve the efficiency of information acquisition and flight safety. This is expected to enable increased drone utilization. In future, extension of the research reported in this paper beyond the Seoul metropolitan area via additional follow-up studies has the potential to establish applicability of the proposed SOP guidelines to a wide variety of environments and organizational characteristics.

인간에게 도움을 주기위해서 개발되고 운용되고 있는 드론은 인간의 삶을 풍요롭게 해주며 인간의 존엄 성을 높여주는 역할을 하고 있다. 드론은 우리에게 경제적 요구의 충족, 위험업무의 감소와 인명구조, 미려 한 디자인, 아름다운 영상촬영과 같은 만족감을 가져다주는데 이러한 만족감을 인문학적 가치라고 표현할 수 있다. 일손이 부족한 농촌에서 많은 노동력을 절감해주는 드론은 힘든 일로부터 인간을 벗어나게 해주는 역할뿐만 아니라 경제적 효율성을 제공해줌으로써 우리에게 풍부한 인문학적 가치를 제공해주고 있다. 경 찰과 소방에서 사용되는 드론도 위험한 업무로부터 인력을 보호하는 동시에 효율적으로 업무를 처리할 수 있도록 함으로써 인문학적 가치를 높여주고 있다. 취미용으로 사용되고 있는 드론은 미려한 디자인의 외모 와 아름다운 영상촬영을 가능하게 해줌으로써 우리의 삶을 더욱 풍요롭게 해줌으로써 높은 인문학적 가치 를 현시해주고 있다. 향후에도 다양한 분야로의 사용 확대가 예상되는 드론은 그만큼 인문학적 가치를 높여 줄 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 대학에서 미래 일자리 지형변화에 대응하고 신기술분야의 주요 직무를 성공적으로 수행하기 위한 핵심 직무역량 도출을 국내 K대학의 사례를 통해 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 신기술분야 로 지능형드론 및 UAM 신기술분야를 선정하고 지역산업 및 K대학 역량 분석 기반으로 핵심직무역량 도출하고자 신기술분야 사례분석-신산업 분야 직무 역량 정의-산업체 전문가 의견 수렴(FGI)-대학 교원 인터뷰 및 설문조사-산업현장성 검증 단계로 연구를 진행하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신 기술분야의 문헌 및 자료분석을 통해 직무역량을 정의하고 산업 전문가 의견수렴을 통해 직무기초역량 11개, 직무기술역량 43개, 및 초직능적 기술역량 28개 후보군이 도출되었다. 둘째, 관련 대학 교원을 대상 으로 설문조사 결과, 총 7개의 직무기초역량, 9개의 직무기술역량, 8개의 초직능적 기술역량으로 직무역 량 모델을 구성하였다. 셋째, 도출된 직무역량을 토대로 지역 산업 현장 검증을 설문조사를 실시하였고 최종 선정을 위해 각 역량에 대한 Needs Weight를 산출하였다. 그 결과 직무기초역량으로 ‘직업적 윤리 의식, 창의적 사고, 혁신적 사고, 융합적사고, 미래지향적 사고’, 초직능적기술역량은 ‘문제인식 및 문제해 결력, 자기주도성, 탐구정신, 협동 및 기술협력, 의사소통’ , 직무기술역량은 ‘이동체 제어기술, 설계/제작/ 제어능력, 무선통신기술, 센서시스템 활용기술, ICT 기술이해 및 활용’ 등으로 규명되었다. 결과를 토대로 신기술분야의 핵심직무역량 도출을 위한 시사점과 연구의 한계점을 제시하였다.

In this paper, we proposed and tested an indoor obstacle recognition and avoidance algorithm using vision and ultrasonic sensors for effective operation of drone with low-power. In this paper, the indoor flight of a drone is mainly composed of two algorithms. First, for the indoor flight of the drone, the vanishing point and the center point of the image were extracted through Hough transform of the input image of the vision sensor. The drone moves along the extracted vanishing point. Second, we set an area of interest so that the drone can avoid obstacles. The area of interest is a space where the drone can fly after recognizing an obstacle at a distance from the ultrasonic sensor. When an obstacle is recognized in the drone's area of ​​interest, the drone performs an obstacle avoidance action. To verify the algorithm proposed in this paper, a simple obstacle was installed in an indoor environment and the drone was flown. From the experimental results, the proposed algorithm confirmed the indoor flight and obstacle avoidance behavior of the drone according to the vanishing point.

As drone technology and industry develop around the world, the use of drones are increasing in number and expanding to different fields. On the other hand, illegal flight and terrorist incidents using drones are also increasing day by day. In Korea, it is reflected in the “Design Basis Threat (DBT)”, which is the standard for designing and evaluating the physical protection system of nuclear power plants in accordance with the “Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency”, that nuclear power plants continue to establish physical protection against drone threats. A total of 141 drone attacks or incidents have occurred around the world since 2015. Cases related to the Russian-Ukraine war, in which so many cases occurred, were excluded. There were 112 cases (79%) of terrorism or suspected terrorism using a single drone. There were 4 cases of terrorism using more than 5 drones, and a total of 20 drones were used to attack an oil facility in Yemen (2019). By region, a total of 111 incidents occurred in Middle East & North Africa. By country, there were 49 cases in Iraq, 35 cases in Saudi Arabia, and 8 cases in Syria. Among major countries, three cases occured in Korea, five in the United States, two in England, Canada, and Italy, and one in Japan and France. Since 2021, there have been 15 drone attacks. Multiple drones were used in attacks targeting military or large-scale Important National Facilities such as the Saudi oil refinery, Indian Kashmir air base, and reconnaissance of Iranian Natanz nuclear and surrounding military facilities. Also in 89% of the cases, the drones were loaded with explosives in order to cause large-scale damage. Accordingly, nuclear power plants, which are important national facilities, need to establish a system that can detect and respond to multiple drones. Furthermore, additional protective measures are needed for areas that are expected to be severely damaged which can be established by evaluating the impact of explosives on major points in the plant. In additionthere is a high possibility of terrorism by organizations aiming for national turmoil rather than individual terrorists. So it is important to identify signs of terrorism in advance and prepare through cooperation with related agencies.

PURPOSES : Many people recommend the expansion of the drone market and various ways of using drones. However, unreasonable expansion may cause various social problems. Therefore, criteria and systems for the expansion are required. This paper presents a review of the system using drones for managing and enforcing illegal parking, and recommendations on improvement. METHODS : This paper presents a review of the system using drones for managing and enforcing illegal parking, and recommendations on improvement. RESULTS : This study shows that new enforcement criteria are required for a new enforcement method using drones. In addition, consignment operation is needed to solve workforce shortage and secure expertise, and flight mitigation criteria are required, considering the illegal parking characteristics based on region and time. Finally, CCTV operation guidelines should be improved to clarify the definition of drone images and prevent unreasonable information collection. CONCLUSIONS : Illegal parking enforcement using drones is an efficient method that is highly feasible and solves enforcement limitation issues, such as the lack of workforce and equipment. A prior institutional review is required to apply new technologies more efficiently, and proposals on improving the legal systems with limitations are required through continuous research.

기상현상관측은 기상청에서 다양한 방법(지상, 고층, 해양, 항공, 등)으로 관측되고 있다. 하지만, 인간생활에 많은 영향을 미치는 대기경계층 관측에는 한계가 있다. 특히, 존데 또는 항공기를 이용한 기상관측은 경제적인 측면에서 상당 한 비용이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 기상드론을 이용하여 국지기상현상 중 해륙풍 연직분포에 대한 기상 인자들을 측정하고 분석하는 것이다. 해륙풍의 공간적 분포를 연구하기 위해 보성지역 표준기상관측소의 보성종합기상탑을 포함한 다른 세 지점(해안가, 산기슭, 산중턱)에 동일한 통합기상센서를 각 드론에 탑재하였다. 2018년 8월 4일 1100 LST부터 1800 LST까지 30분 간격으로 최대 400 m 고도까지 기온, 상대 습도, 풍향, 풍속, 기압의 연직 프로파일 관측이 수행되었다. 기온, 상대 습도, 기압에 대한 기상현상의 공간적 특성은 네 지점에서 보이지 않았다. 강한 일사량 시간 대에 중간지점(~100 m)에서 강한 바람(~8 m s−1 )이 관측되었고, 오후에는 풍향이 내륙지역의 상층부터 서풍으로 바뀌었다. 기상드론을 이용하여 관측한 하부 대기층의 분석결과는 보다 정확한 기상예보 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 스마트건설 지원을 위한 드론 활용의 활성화를 위해 RTK 드론 기반의 항공측량 정밀도를 분석하고자 GPS만을 사용하는 방식, GCP를 설치하는 방식, RTK 드론을 이용한 방식의 정사영상의 위치정확도를 분석하였고 사업의 목적과 대상지의 형태에 따른 드론 활용의 기준을 제시하였다. 또한 상용 드론을 이용한 체적기반의 토공량 산출을 2.5D 환경에서 산출하여 기존 방법과 비교해서 드론영상을 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 연구로 대규모 건설현장의 작업효율 및 드론 활성화가 기대된다.

This study derived elements from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to assess factors influencing attitude and intention to use drones for medications delivery among Generation Y consumers. Data was collected from 300 respondents. The results revealed that attitudes towards the use of drones for medicine delivery were influenced by perceived service quality, usefulness, and service value. Subjective norms, usefulness, service value and attitudes impacted behavioural intention. This study contributes in distribution strategy literature. It also enriches information on the drone delivery capabilities as well as the accessibility of medications through drones.

해양항공드론은 해양사고의 예방과 대응에 이용할 수 있는 새로운 장비이다. 이러한 해양항공드론을 배치하기 위한 관할구역을 결정하는 것은 정부 의사결정자가 효과적인 정책을 마련하도록 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 F-AHP법과 ARAS법을 이용하여 해양항공드론을 배치하기 위한 적절한 구역을 평가하는 모델을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 그리고 이 제안된 모델의 적용가능성을 확인하기 위해 우리나라 해양경찰청의 관할구역에 적용하였다. 해양항공드론의 배치는 평가요소 사이에 중복이 높은 특징이 있기 때문에 식별된 평가항목의 중요도를 결정하기 위해서 F-AHP법을 이용하였다. 그 결과 해양드론의 배치에 있어서 연안에서의 실종자 항목이 가장 중요 한 평가항목으로 나타났다. 또한 이 연구에서 지역 해양경찰서의 우선순위는 하나의 목표(해양사고 50 % 저감)를 고려할 수 있는 ARAS법을 이용하였다. 그 결과로서 목포 해양경찰서 관할구역의 우선순위가 가장 높게 나타났고, 인천, 서귀포, 태안, 완도, 여수, 포항, 통영, 군산, 보령, 제주, 부안, 동해, 속초, 울산, 울진, 부산, 창원, 평택 해양경찰서 관할구역 순으로 나타났다.

드론은 현재 산업의 각 분야에서 사용되고 있으며, 농업분야에서도 활발히 사용되고 있다. 특히, 초고 령 사회에 진입한 농촌과 농업분야에서 드론은 매우 효율적인 방제장비로 각광받고 있다. 드론방제기 는 운용비용이 다른 방제기에 비해서 매우 낮으며 구입비용 또한 그리 높지 않다. 한 단위의 방제면적 을 방제하기 위하여 투입되는 구입비용과 운용비용을 모두 고려하였을 때 가장 효율적인 방제기는 고 정익방제기와 드론이라 불리는 멀티콥터형 방제기이다. 고정익방제기에 소요되는 높은 운용비용과 탑 승조종사의 인건비를 고려한다면 우리나라에서 현실적으로 효율적인 방제기라 볼 수 없으며, 조종사가 탑승하지 않는 드론방제기가 매우 효율적인 방제기라고 할 수 있다. 현재 농업분야에서 방제작업에 활 발히 쓰이고 있는 드론방제기는 높은 비용효율성으로 인하여 많은 농민들에게 선호되는 방제기로 선택 되고 있다.

The concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor-inducing substances were measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometers (SIFT-MS) and a drone equipped with an air quality monitoring system. SIFT-MS can continuously measure the concentration of VOCs and odor-inducing substances in realtime without any pre-treating steps for the sample. The vehicle with SIFT-MS was used for real-time measurement of VOC concentration at the site boundaries of pollution sources. It is possible to directly analyze VOCs concentration generated at the outlets by capturing air from the pollution sources with a drone. VOCs concentrations of nine spots from Banwol National Industrial Complex were measured by a vehicle equipped with SIFT-MS and were compared with the background concentration measured inside the Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office. In three out of the nine spots, the concentration of toluene, xylene, hydrogen sulfide, and methyl ethyl ketone was shown to be much higher than the background concentration. The VOCs concentrations obtained using drones for high-concentration suspected areas showed similar tendencies as those measured using the vehicle with SIFTMS at the site boundary. We showed that if both the drone and real-time air quality monitoring equipment are used to measure VOCs concentration, it is possible to identify the pollutant sources at the industrial complex quickly and efficiently check sites with high concentrations of VOCs.

PURPOSES: Investigating road pavement conditions using an investigation vehicle is challenging especially if repeated driving is required on the by-lane, and the traffic in the investigation section is heavy. A technology used to investigate the road pavement conditions is studied herein using image data obtained by drone photography. METHODS : Flight plans were made for the survey areas, and ground control point measurements were performed. The research section was filmed using drones. The acquired image data were modeled using Pix4Dmapper. The images taken by the drones were used to investigate the road pavement cracks. A digital surface model was extracted from the Pix4Dmapper modeling results using the Global Mapper program to investigate plastic deformation and flatness. As regards plastic deformation, the elevation of each point was extracted at intervals of 50 cm and 10 cm in the longitudinal and lateral directions, respectively, for 20 m× 10 m of the entire road. In terms of flatness, the elevation values for each point were extracted at intervals of 5 cm and 10 cm for the wheel path and 20 m for the entire roadway. RESULTS: This study compared drone-captured images, which were consistent, and vehicle scan images and confirmed that the former can detect a large number of cracks on road surfaces. The results showing the difference in the elevation values of the road surface indicate that the section, wherein the plastic deformation occurs throughout the entire road surface, can be identified and evaluated. With regard to flatness, in future studies, the long-directional elevation value of the target segment extracted using Global Mapper is likely to be derived from the International roughness index, which is the international flatness index used in the ProVAL program developed and used by the Federal Highway Administration. CONCLUSIONS : The road pavement status investigation conducted herein by utilizing drone-acquired images showed that repeated driving in a section is not required, and various analyses can be made in a single shot. If technologies, such as artificial intelligence, big data, and Internet of Things, which are the key components of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, are adapted, they can be used to investigate road pavement conditions and inspect completely constructed road lines and major road facilities.