This study re-evaluates the breeding history and agronomic stability traits of the garlic cultivar ‘Mansan’, emphasizing its suitability for consistent production in rapidly changing climatic conditions. ‘Mansan’ was developed from an open-pollinated seed of the genetic resource ‘14-2w’, collected in 2000. Line selection occurred from 2002 to 2010, followed by regional adaptability tests conducted in Suwon, Danyang, and Namhae from 2012 to 2014, leading to the final selection of this cultivar. ‘Mansan’ features an open plant type with milky white bulb skin, closely resembling the local cultivar ‘Danyang’. In regional trials, ‘Mansan’ achieved an average yield of 1,092 kg per 10a over three years, which is 5% higher than the control cultivar ‘Danyang’ (1,038 kg per 10a). Additionally, evaluations for resistance to major diseases, insect pests, and physiological disorders revealed that the control exhibited rates of 1.5% for secondary growth and 2.1% for leafy and non-bulbing issues, while no such disorders were noted in ‘Mansan’. This suggests that ‘Mansan’ demonstrates superior physiological stability under variable environmental conditions. In conclusion, ‘Mansan’ is a high-yielding and physiologically stable cultivar with excellent cultivation reliability. It is anticipated to replace existing northern-type garlic cultivars and contribute to increased farm income.

This study aimed to identify the optimal storage and germination conditions for producing sprouts from immature bulbils of the Korean garlic cultivar ‘Hongsan’. It also evaluated the effects of LED light quality on sprout growth and compared the functional compound contents across different plant parts. Germination trials indicated that storing bulbils at 4°C for at least 64 days, followed by germination at 10-20°C, yielded the best results. Under mixed LED light treatments (Red:Blue:White), a red-dominant ratio of 4:1:0 significantly enhanced both shoot and root elongation, while germination in darkness resulted in the highest fresh and dry weights. Among the plant parts, sprouted bulbils had the highest alliin content (3,711 mg/100 g) and contained greater levels of fructose and glucose compared to cloves. Conversely, cloves had the highest fructan content, and leaves exhibited the highest total polyphenol content. These findings underscore the importance of combining proper storage and light quality for efficient sprout production from bulbils and highlight the potential of sprouted bulbils as functional food materials.

This study aimed to identify the optimal timing for scape removal and postharvest curing methods to effectively utilize the bulbils of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivar ‘Hongsan,’ which are usually discarded as by-products. Scapes were harvested five times from late May to mid-June in accordance with the bulb harvest schedule. The collected scapes underwent three curing treatments: natural drying, immersion in a solution containing 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 30 g⋅L⁻¹ sucrose, and a commercial floral preservative solution with sucrose. Results showed that as the timing of scape removal was delayed, bulb weight decreased, while the number and maturity of bulbils increased. For optimal production of both bulbs and bulbils, removing scapes 15 days before the expected harvest date was the most effective approach. Among the curing treatments, natural drying yielded the highest number of large-sized bulbils and demonstrated superior labor efficiency. In contrast, the floral preservative treatment resulted in a greater proportion of immature bulbils, likely due to microbial growth in the solution that obstructed vascular tissues. Thus, for the simultaneous production of bulbs and mature bulbils in ‘Hongsan’ garlic, it is recommended to remove scapes 15 days prior to bulb harvest and to use natural drying as the most effective method.

This study aimed to identify the optimal winter storage temperature for preserving bulbil vigor and enhancing the efficiency of spring bulbil cultivation in garlic. Bulbils from the cultivars ‘Daeseo’ and ‘Hongsan’ were categorized into three size grades (#1: <3 mm; #2: 3–4 mm; #3: 4–5.5 mm) and stored for five months (September 2024–February 2025) under four conditions: conventional warehouse storage, 4°C, 15°C, and 25°C. The bulbils were sown in rows in an open field on 20 February 2025 and harvested on 30 May 2025. After curing for 2–3 days and air-drying for about one month, the harvested bulbs were evaluated for the number and characteristics of round bulbs. For both ‘Hongsan’ and ‘Daeseo’, storing bulbils in either a conventional warehouse or at 4°C during winter resulted in higher harvest rates. Larger bulbils consistently produced a greater number of harvested bulbs and heavier bulb weights. In ‘Hongsan’, only the #3 bulbils stored at 25°C yielded a small proportion ( 1. 2%) of multi-clove bulbs, while a ll o ther treatments resulted in single-clove bulbs exclusively. Mean bulb weight was lowest after storage at 25°C and tended to be higher under warehouse storage. In ‘Daeseo’, there was no significant difference in harvest percentage between warehouse and 4°C storage; however, the mean harvest percentage was higher and the variation among replicates was lower at 4°C. Notably, multi-clove bulbs were observed only with warehouse storage (#2: 0.35%; #3: 1.8%), while 4°C storage resulted exclusively in single-clove bulbs. Mean bulb weight increased with bulbil size across all treatments, and conditions that produced more multi-clove bulbs generally also showed heavier mean bulb weights. Overall, for spring cultivation of bulbils, 4°C storage is optimal for enhancing single-clove bulb production in ‘Daeseo’, while conventional winter storage is sufficient for ‘Hongsan’.

마늘의 파종 작업에 투입되는 노동력 및 노동시간은 마늘 재배 중 많은 비중을 차지한다. 이에 마늘 파종을 위한 기계가 개발 및 이용되고 있지만, 이중 파종과 결주 등으로 인해 동일 토지 대비 인력 파종에 비해 생산성이 감소하는 문제가 발생하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 마늘의 기계 파종 생산성 향상을 목표로 파종기 결주율에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 파종시스템의 설계 및 운용 변수에 대한 이산요소 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 파종시스템에 이용되는 버킷의 형상 및 크기와 마늘의 이산요소모델은 기존 연구 결과를 활용하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 버킷의 회전속도, 간격 그리고 파종시스템의 경사가 결주율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 분석 결과, 버킷의 회전속도와 간격은 결주율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었으나, 파종시스템의 경사는 결주율에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 파종기를 이용하여 마늘의 파종 작업을 수행할 경우, 파종기의 기울기 또는 토지의 경사 등을 고려해야 하며, 파종기 설계 시 경사조절장치 등의 도입을 통해 결주율 감소 및 생산성 향상에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and qualified presumption of safety (QPS)-designated Bacillus strains are widely applied to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of natural products. Green garlic (Allium sativum L.), a common Korean vegetable and recognized functional food, is valued for its antioxidant and immune-enhancing activities. In this study, we investigated the functional properties of green garlic fermented with LAB and QPS-designated Bacillus strains. A total of 450 strains were isolated from marine environments, livestock sources, and diverse agricultural and fishery products, including fermented derivatives, of which 191 originated from agricultural products. Enzyme assays identified 89 strains with strong protease and amylase activities. After excluding taxonomic duplicates, we obtained seven QPS-designated Bacillus strains and four LAB strains characterized by robust growth in media containing green garlic. Fermentation using Sacheon green garlic powder was conducted for 4 days, and compared with the control, we found that the antioxidant activity of green garlic fermented with Latilactobacillus curvatus GH-11-11 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JY-48-5 increased by 144.0% and 145.8%, respectively. In addition, relative to a non-fermented extract, a 2-day fermentation with JY-48-5 enhanced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by over 189.4%. These findings indicate that cultures of selected LAB and QPS-designated Bacillus strains could serve as promising starters for enhancing the bioactive properties of foods, and also emphasize the importance of regional microbial resources.

본 연구는 건조 스트레스 조건에서 글루탐산의 경엽처리가 마늘의 생장, 광합성 특성 및 생리활성 반응에 미치는 영향과 적정 농도를 구명하고자 하였다. 건조 스트레스 처리 후 글루 탐산(Glu; 10, 80, 169mg·L-1)을 각각 7일 간격으로 2회 엽면 살포 하였다. 글루탐산 처리 시 마늘의 광합성 속도, 기공전도 도, 세포내 CO2 농도 및 증산속도는 무처리 대비 증가하였고, 1회차 처리시 효과가 높았다. 광합성 속도는 무처리 대비 평균 20－40% 이상 증가하였고, Glu80 처리가 가장 높았다. 항산 화 효소 활성 분석 결과 1회차 처리시 APX, CAT 및 SOD 활 성은 Glu80 처리가 가장 높았고, 무처리 대비 평균 30% 정도 높은 활성을 보였다. MDA 함량과 근활력을 측정한 결과 Glu80 처리가 Glu를 엽면살포 하지 않은 건조 처리와 유의한 차이를 보였다. 마늘의 생육 특성은 전반적으로 증가하는 경 향을 보였으며, 구중은 Glu80 처리가 11.1g으로 무처리 8.5g 에 비해 가장 무거웠다. 따라서, 건조스트레스 조건에서 글루 탐산 경엽 처리는 마늘의 생육, 광합성 특성 및 항산화 효소 활 성을 증대시켜 스트레스 피해를 완화하였고, 적정 농도는 80mg·L-1으로 판단된다.

대서’ 마늘(Allium sativum L.)의 생장점 배양에 가장 효과적인 배양조건을 확립하고자 신초 유도 및 구 형성에 있어 식물생장조절제와 sucrose 농도의 영향을 조사하였다. 신초 유도에 관한 1차 시험에서는 NAA 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 mg/L와 2iP 0, 2, 3, 5 mg/L를 조합하여 16가지 조건으로 설정하여 총 1,460개의 생장점을 처리하였다. 그 결과, NAA 0.2 mg/L에 2iP 2~5 mg/L를 처리한 조건과 NAA 1.0 mg/L에 2iP 5 mg/L를 처리한 조건에서 양호한 분얼 생성이 확인되었다. 특히, NAA 0.2 mg/L와 2iP 3 mg/L 처리군은 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 가장 높은 평균 신초 생성률을 보여 효과적인 경향을 나타냈다. Sucrose 처리농도에 따른 기내소구 형성률을 비교하기 위한 2차 시험에서는 1차 시험에서 선발된 조건(NAA 0.2 mg/L, 2iP 3 mg/L)에서 배양한 1,193개의 생장점 중 생존한 546개를 5%, 7%, 9% 농도로 처리한 구 형성 배지에 계대배양하였다. 그 결과, sucrose 농도가 높을수록 기내소구의 형성률 및 0.1 g 이상의 큰 기내소구의 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 확인되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, ‘대서’ 마늘 생장점 배양에 적합한 신초 유도 조건은 NAA 0.2 mg/L와 2iP 3 mg/L의 조합이며, 구 형성은 9% sucrose 농도가 가장 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

We investigated the biochemical composition and functional properties of garlic sprouted via hydroponic cultivation. Sprout length and sprouted garlic weight increased 6.9-fold (97.94±22.47 mm) and 1.4-fold (9.11±1.32 g), respectively, by day 20. Proximate compositions, including protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, were analyzed to determine nutrient changes. Notably, protein content increased from 17.73% to 20.21%. Minerals including phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and iron varied significantly, supporting metabolic processes. Total free amino acids, particularly arginine and glutamine, increased from 5,301.21 mg% to 6,962.80 mg%, suggesting potential improvements in nutritional value and flavor. Protease activity reached its maximum at 21.26±2.47 mU/mL on day 20, promoting protein hydrolysis, and amylase activity steadily increased, reaching 299.82±0.85 mU/mL, providing energy through starch breakdown. Vitamin C content reached a maximum on day 8 (307.25 mg/kg, suggesting that vitamin C is produced during early sprouting. Phenolic compounds, which are critical for antioxidant activity, reached their highest concentration (42.15 mg/100 g) by day 12, correlating with increases in DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities. These findings indicate the potential of sprouted garlic as a functional ingredient. Future research should optimize hydroponic cultivation conditions to improve bioactive compound content and antioxidant properties, contributing to the development of high-value functional foods.

본 연구는 표현 형질 생육 데이터인 엽장, 엽 수와 기상 데이 터인 생육도일을 활용하여 여러 기계 학습을 통해 마늘의 생 체중을 예측하는 모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 검증 데이터에 서 random forest 모델의 결정계수가 0.924, 평균제곱근오차 (g)는 13.583 그리고 평균절대오차는 8.885로 가장 우수하였 다. 평가 데이터에서는 Catboost 모델이 결정계수가 0.928, 평균제곱근오차(g)는 13.486 그리고 평균절대오차는 9.181 로 가장 우수하였다. 그러나 Catboost, Random forest 그리고 LightGBM 모델을 0.5, 0.3 그리고 0.2 가중치를 두어 학습한 Weighted ensemble 모델이 마늘 생체중 예측의 검증 및 평가 에 있어서 검증 데이터의 결정계수가 0.922, 평균제곱근오차 (g)가 13.752 그리고 평균절대오차는 8.877이었으며 평가 데 이터에서는 결정계수가 0.923, 평균제곱근오차(g)가 13.992 그리고 평균절대오차가 9.437로 두 번째로 우수한 결과를 나 타내었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합적으로 미루어 보았을 때, Weighted ensemble 모델이 모델의 안정성 측면에서 최적의 모델이라고 판단하였다. 따라서 농가들이 표현 형질과 기상 데이터만으로도 기계학습 기법을 통하여 마늘의 생체중 예측 을 통해 작형 모니터링이 가능할 것으로 보이며 추가적으로 다년도 데이터 취득과 검증을 통하여 성능을 고도화가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

본 시험은 마늘 절임에서 분리 동정된 Leuconostoc citreum SK2556 균주에 의한 마늘 발효 배양액 급여가 산란계의 계란 생산성, 계란 품질, 혈액 성상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 시험 동물은 33주령 산란계(Hy-Line Brown) 180수를 공시하였고, 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였 다. 전체 사양기간동안 산란율은 대조구, FG (발효마늘) 0.3 및 FG 0.5 처리구는 78.02~78.53의 범위로 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, FG 0.1 처리구(75.37±3.22)는 다른 처리구들에 비교하여 감소하였다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량과 사료요구율에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 시험 전기간 Haugh unit에서는 마늘 발효액 FG 0.1이 대조구와 FG 0.5에 비해 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 혈액 내 Glucose는 모든 마늘 발효액 처리구가 대조구보다 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.01). 간 기능의 이상 여부를 나타내는 알칼리인산분해효소(alkaline phosphatase; ALP)는 FG 0.3 처리구가 대조구보다 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 산란계 사료 내 마늘 발효 배양액 급여는 계란의 Haugh unit의 향상으로 계란의 신선도를 개선시켰을 뿐만 아니라, 건강 유지에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 사료첨가제로서의 이용가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

Meristem culture (MC) is a technique for producing virus-free garlic plants with high vigor and productivity. We assessed the changes in the agronomic traits of “Namdo” garlic over several generations after the cultivation of MC-induced bulbils. We examined the plant height, leaf sheath length and diameter, leaf number, bulb weight and diameter, clove number, and bulb size distribution. Compared with that of the control, bulb weights of the first-generation bulbils cultivated for three and two years and the second-generation bulbils cultivated for one year increased by 8.7–27.2, 13.9–30.4, and 36.6–46.9%, respectively. In three and two-year cultivation of the firstgeneration bulbils and one-year cultivation of the second-generation bulbils, the proportions of extra-large-sized bulb weight in meristem-cultured plants were 16.2–38.6, 24.0–35.8, and 27.1–51.1%, respectively, whereas that of the control was 7.6%. Thus, the first-generation bulbils can be cultivated for three years to renew the seed bulbs while maintaining productivity.

This study aimed to determine the optimal planting density for sesame cultivation in a double cropping system after harvesting onion and garlic in the Muan region. It compared the growth, yield, disease susceptibility, and labor hours for two varieties of sesame (Landrace and Geonbaek sesame) at different planting densities. Plant height in the Landrace sesame showed no significant variation with different planting densities, whereas Geonbaek sesame increased in height with higher planting densities. Both cultivars increased the number of viable branches at lower densities. The stem diameter was thicker in Landrace sesame with decreasing planting density, while in the Geonbaek sesame, there was no significant difference in stem diameter regardless of planting density. The number of capsules per plant for the Landrace sesame increased with decreasing density, whereas Geonbaek sesame showed no significant difference. Yield for both cultivars was higher at greater densities. However, the late direct sowing time and shorter cultivation period significantly reduced the yield of sesame cultivated in a double cropping system compared to that of sesame grown in a single cropping system, due to the late direct sowing time and shorter cultivation period. There was no significant difference in disease occurrence based on planting density. Furthermore, although labor hours did not vary with planting density when comparing the labor hours required for cultivating the Landrace sesame and Geonbaek sesame, the latter needed less labor time. This study reveals the optimum planting distance and density for sesame cultivation as a double cropping after harvesting onion and garlic, providing invaluable data for establishing sesame double cropping cultivation techniques.

마늘은 백합과 알리움속에 속하는 작물로 약용, 양념채소로 많이 소비되어져 왔다. 마늘은 6월에 수확하여 1개월 간의 건조과정을 거치게 되는데 보통 장마기와 겹치게 되어 연평균 부패율은 5%이상으로 높다. 마늘의 저장중 병해충은 뿌리응애, 마늘혹응애, 마른썩음병 등으로 섭식에 따른 부패를 유발하며, 건조시기를 단축하고 효율적인 건조를 통하여 감모율을 줄이는 것이 중요하다. 마늘의 병해충 피해를 줄이기 위해 개발한 열풍 흡기식 건조장치를 포함하여 관행, 열풍 건조기, 흡기식 건조 등 4가지 방법으로 마늘을 건조하였으며, 방법별 건조소요 일수, 부패율 등을 조사하였다. 연구결과 열풍-흡기식 건조장치의 순환 공기의 온습도는 외기대비 7.8℃ 높았고, 28.6% 낮았으며, 건조 소요일수는 관행건조 대비 31% 수준으로 우수하였다. 또한 병해충 피해 양상은 관행 건조 대비 4.4%p낮아 건조 기간 및 정상품율이 관행 대비 우수하여, 관행 건조를 대체 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Because Scotinophara lurida has the habit of living under the rice plant, an introduction of a method for efficient control when spraying eco-friendly organic materials is needed. In this study, we investigated the density of S. lurida in drained- and irrigated-paddy field after spraying an organic material containing garlic bulb extracts, which has high insecticidal activity in S. lurida in direct spraying test in glass tube. As a result, an irrigated rice paddy showed a control effect of 66.4% after 3 days of spraying and 86.2% after 7 days, while a drained rice paddy showed a control effect of 33.9% after spraying and 61.9% after 7 days. These results suggest that effective control can be achieved in irrigated rice fields if organic farming materials are evenly sprayed and reach to the body of S. lurida. It is remained to study how irrigated water do contribute to increase the insecticidal effect in the future.