나리는빠르게 발전하고있는화훼작물이다. 구근화 훼류 및 화훼작물로 네덜란드뿐 만 아니라 전세계에서 관심을 끌고 있다. 또한 전세계의 육종분야에서도관심 의대상이 되는 작물이다. 네덜란드는나리육종과구근 생산에관한한매우중요한나라이다. 화란에서나리산 업을 세계화하기 위한 여러가지 측면, 즉, 1) 구근생산, 2) 절화생산, 3) 육종활동및 4) 식물육종가권리를중심 으로알아보고자한다.

The purpose of this study is to provide useful information for establishing efficient marketing direction of globalization and commercialization of Korean foods by investigating the performance(satisfaction) and importance of food-coordinators' role. The results of the survey are summarized as follows: The most influential improvement variable of Korean food for globalization was 'hygiene'(23.6%) followed by 'taste', 'price', and 'shape and color'. Interest degree about food-coordinators showed 3.68 points in 5 points, and necessity of food-coordinators' job and education was 4.15 points. Food-coordinators' quality for globalization of Korean food was "a skill should be excellent"(4.51 points), "it must be original troubleshooting ability."(4.43 points) and "It must be professional ethics consciousness."(3.99 points) in the order. They were highly important of "freshness of food"(4.75 points) and "cleanliness of food and tableware" (4.65 points) in terms of the quality of korean food for globalization. The role importance of food-coordinators for globalization of Korean food was 'ability of development of Korean dish and Korean menu'(4.22 points), 'coordinate ability for various Korean special diet'(4.14 points) and 'knowledge for wann welcome service that consider table manners, service method and other person(4.12 points) in the order. The most influential unsatisfied variable of food coordinators' role was 'consulting ability connected with management of Korean restaurant' followed by 'ability of presenting concept connected with restaurant development of Korean style' and 'production ability for banquet party plan and representation in a Korean style'. In terms of IPA analysis on food-coordinators' role for globalization of korean food, it was noteworthy that items with high importance but low performance included "ability of development of Korean dish and Korean menu", "event coordinate ability connected with a Korean-style dish", and "production ability for banquet party plan and representation in a Korean style".

This study is to focus on the contribution and explain in Christian mission toward global society. Globalization can be defined as the set of processes that yields a single world. Globalization is the process by which societies become interdependent in aspects of their values, culture, economics, social, and political. It is easy to communicate interdependent relationships through multimedia in the electronic culture. Global society has entered the Online Age, the world of instant access. Accelerating change has reached a critical point where all parts of the globe are electronically linked. This global society is connected by the development of information technology. In the global society we see progress through the Internet. The Internet access connects us worldwide, which is software with a common shape of organizing and processing information. Concerns for challenge of missional issues in global society is an important task in this article of how best connect for Christian mission to the various issues in globalization. Some issues are Islam expansion and growth in the world, postmodernism, secularism, and religious pluralism. I have suggest some Korea church tasks toward Christian mission in the 21century. We need international mission partnership between Korea church and World church. We must be evangel frontier mission toward unreached people in the world. Finally we have flexible mission strategy and wholistic mission in various mission fields and contexts.

In the era of globalization, patriarchal system has been expanded and those on the margin of the system, including women, become poorer and their status gets lower in the hierarchy. Especially, traditional gender role division between the public and the private widens feminization of poverty. The traditional gender role division is so deeply rooted in church system and theological education that limits women's participation in church leadershi Patriarchal features of theological education vary. First of all, it is fundamentally found in its patriarchal understanding of God as patriarch. It is also found in Europe-centered theological curricula as well as in the dualistic division between teacher and learner and between theory and practical site. To critically engaging theological education in the context of Korea, the present article suggests four elements for developing a post patriarchal theological education. First, the purpose of theological education needs to focus on the development of theological personality to raise individuals that concerns justice and love of God, instead of vaguely stating its aim to raise those who serve the world and church. Second, a post patriarchal theological curricula bring intra-disciplinary courses into practice. The courses would be framed based on a subject or practical issues driven from the realities of Korea, instead of following traditional curricula that affirms sharp division of subject areas. Third, a post-patriarchal theological education seeks to establish alternative theological concepts that reflect current realities. For example, instead of understanding God according to title or human role, as like God the Father, God can be described according to the action of God, such as God the creator, God the redeemer, and God the savior. Finally, a radical change of patriarchal structure of church is necessary for the effective operation of post patriarchal theological education.

As biennale exhibitions has been expanded into all of the world since 1990s, these trends of blockbuster exhibitions have caused several problems. For instance, some major curators monopolized most global size exhibitions despite of a variety of cultural and historical backgrounds. Besides, due to a strong connection between these curators and their own artists, the young emerging artists’ opportunities tend to be reduced as a result of the power game. In addition, major curators’ power have influence on the exhibition style as well as on the theme itself. Some artists who did not involved that kind of huge scale exhibitions dispute that the direction of the exhibition is concentrating on the curator’s interest instead of artists or viewers. Although these dissatisfactions could not portray correctly the process of organizing and managing system of a biennale exhibition, those biennale exhibitions held in recent have shown tautologic discourses without any passion and positive attitude direct to the exploitation of our society as a vanguard. In the process of comparing several kinds of biennale exhibitions, I could find that some artists who participated several biennale exhibitions at the same time did not present their creative vision, although the triumph of an exhibition was typically measured by the amount of visitors. Thus, the aim of this article is to prove that the biennale can show us new cultural discourse as well as progressive method of understanding our times. Is biennale producing the real ‘global standard’? If biennale has done it, could this global standard present up-to-date paradigm for the unique exhibition system? Is biennale providing an useful opportunity for the understanding and communicating of contemporary art through the re-contextualization which is pronounced by the publicity of curator and organizing committee? How can we find the distinctive strategy from each biennale exhibition including Venice Biennale? Biennale, as a blockbuster exhibition, always requires a degree of hype, otherwise it would not be a special event and would not attract a big enough audience. It is the actual reason why major biennale exhibitions seem to be similar artistic events. Unfortunately, it seems that the excess of biennale exhibitions might bring about the lack of contents. In this case, the biennale syndrome would being a kind of the center of poverty, in spite of the visual splendor. After all, following the global standard may not be a matter of great importance now. What really matters is how each biennale exhibition which started under the different conditions can search their own identity.

This papar began by recogruzing the critical issue that the church face the challenge of Islarmic fundarnentalism today. Today, the whole world is facing a global war sicuarion between the United States and the Muslim fundarnentalists. In this cricical situation, questions Christian churches need to ask is how to understand this global event α flow and to rediscover the essence of the church and rrusslon. The purpose of this paper is to review a historical development of Islamic revival movements as a reaccion to the secularization and neo-liberal economic globalization led by the United States and the West, to suggest the church's selfreflecrion, and to examine the church’s misional encounter with an attempt of globalization of the worldwide expansion of Islarm. First, Globalization led by the West indicates a process that economy, politics, society, and culture is being integrated into one. In this rapid globalizing process people tend to be more sensicive to mystical things than rational and scientific. These global tendencies has been bringing the revival of conservatism, fundamentalism, mysticism, and extreme movements. In this regard, the Islamic revival movements have opposed to the Western-led globalization and secularism. The Islamic revival movement has been expressed in Jihad, the original meaning both moral and mental effort. Muslim missionaries try to spread their religion through their economic and educational activities. Second, the problem western Christianiry face today is the privatization of faith, the reductionism of the gospel and the meaning of salvation. We need to be keenly aware of the causes and roots of the problems. On thing we need to rediscover is the biblical principles providing the foundations for understanding our culture. Third, on the basis of the essential dimension of the church we can suggest some rrusslon strategies for reaching Muslim people. First of all, we need to understand our own context and the history and culture of 1slam comprehensively. We should avoid a colonial mentaliry and patenalism in doing rrusslOn. Also, we need to concern about other movements in Islam such as Sufism and folk Islam as well as fundamental Islam. One of the most effective approach to Muslim people is contextualization of the gospel in the Muslim context. As the church face the challenge of globalization from both the West and Islamic revival movement, the task of the church is to rediscover the essence of the church, IIl1SS10n. Mission emirely belongs to the trinitarian God(John 20:21).

The concept of globalization has emerged as a powerful paradigmatic concept in explaining many far-reaching economic, social, and cultural transformations in many parts of the world. Globalization can be defined as all the multi-dimensional process by which peoples of the world are incorporated into a global society. The drives of globalization are the tools of modern technology and the free market economy. The purpose of this paper is to understand globalization as a modern context for mission and how it has influenced the Korean church. This paper argues that globalization is not only opportunities for Christian mission but also obstacles against it. This paper discusses some benefits and obstacles to mission. For example, in an age of globalization more and more people can have an opportunity to hear the Gospel message, however, it makes more difficult for them to be disciples. Globalization encourages the context to foster the privatization of Christian faith. The paper suggests some future tasks for the Korean church in an age of globalization: the development of partnership, faith community, worldwide and communal sense of responsibility, and Christian civil society movements. It is hoped that the Korean church will contribute to the globalization of Christian gospel in the future, by embracing the global vision, one Kingdom of God under Jesus Christ.

These days there is a movement to adapt English as an official language in Korea as well as in ]apan regardless of the danger that our mother tongue Korean or ] apanese could degenerate into a so-called museum language, i.e., dead language. The assertion that globalisation refers to the age of English forces us to consider why and for what we teach and leam the German language. In the age of globalisation, the horizon of multicultural understanding should be broadened. The English-only politics allows us only one world-view or ideology and we will encounter a really monotonous and devastated culture-landscape. In this context, teaching German can contribute to multicultural understanding.

본 연구는 WTO의 출현 등 세계화가 본격적으로 추진되는 시점에서 글로벌 경쟁에 앞선 일본 기업들익 전략적 선택과 우리 나라 기업들의 전략적 선택을 비교분석하므로써 우리 나라 기업들이 글로벌 경쟁에서 승리할 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다. 구체적으로는 한국 제품에 대한 일본 고객들의 평가와 일본 제품에 대한 한국 기업의 평가 비교를 통해 양국 기업들의 전략적 선택을 비교분석함으로써 기계산업이라 는 주요한 산업에 있어서 한국 기업의 세계화를 위한 전략적 시사점을 도출하고자 했다. 실증분석 결과를 보면 국산 기계는 제품의 기능과 서비스 차별화, 마케팅 차별화 등에 있어서 일본의 구매기업들로 부터 낮은 평가를 받고 있다. 국산기계는 가격 면에서만 비교대상인 일본 기계에 대해 높은 평가를 받고 있다. 일본은 제품의 기능과 서비스 차별화, 마케팅 차별화, 기술이전 등 모든 면에 있어서 한국 기업들보다 높은 평가를 받고 있다. 한편 집락분석 결과는 한국과 일본, 양국의 기계 구매업체들은 가격 경쟁력보다는 제품의 기능, 마케팅 차별화, 서비스 차별화, 기술이전과 같은 비가격 경쟁력을 중시한다는 것을 시사한다. 집락분석의 결과는 또한 양국의 기계 구매기업의 입장에서 볼 때 재구매 의사 결정은 비가격 경쟁력의 어느 한 차원과만 관련되어 있는 것이 아니라 비가격 경쟁력의 모든 차원과 관련되어 있음을 시사한다. 집락분석의 결과는 비가격 경쟁력의 어느 한 측면에서 높게 평가받는 집락이 다른 측면에서도 높게 평가받고 있음을 보여 준다. 회귀분석 결과는 한국과 일본, 양국에서 제품의 기능과 마케팅 차별화가 구매기억의 재구매 의사결정에 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다.

This study investigates the dynamic effects of economic development, international cooperation, electricity consumption, and political risk on the escalation of CO2 emission in Vietnam. We adopted autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality method to examine the interaction between CO2 and various economic and political factors, including foreign direct investment, trade openness, economic growth, manufacture, electricity consumption, and political risk in Vietnam since the economic revolution in 1986. The findings reflect opposite influence between these factors and the level of CO2 in the intermediate and long-term durations. Accordingly, foreign direct investment and CO2 emission have a bidirectional relationship, in which foreign direct investment accelerates short-term CO2 emission, but reduces it in the long run through an interactive mechanism. Moreover, economic development increases the volume of CO2 emission in both short and long run. There was also evidence that political risk has a negative effect on the environment. Overall, the findings confirm lasting negative environmental effects of economic growth, trade liberalization, and increased electricity consumption. These factors, with Granger causality, mutually affect the escalation of CO2 in Vietnam. In order to control the level of CO2, more efforts are required to improve administrative transparency, attract high-quality foreign investment, and decouple the environment from economic development.

The study investigates the impact of globalization on coal consumption in Vietnam. This study employs an autoregressed distributed lag approach on time series data for the period of 1990 to 2017. The study tests the stationary, cointegration of time series data and utilizes autoregressed distributed lag modeling technique to determine the short-run and long-run relationship among coal consumption, globalization, income, population, and CO2 emissions. The results show that globalization increases coal consumption in Vietnam in the long run. The results also show that rapid economic growth promotes more coal consumption in the short run as well as in the long run. Moreover, higher population reduces coal consumption, and CO2 emissions decrease coal consumption both in the short run and the long run. The findings of the study suggest that globalization increases coal consumption in Vietnam in the long run. This result suggests that the increase in globalization level in Vietnam increases coal consumption. An interesting finding is that higher population reduces coal consumption, and population is an important factor towards the lessening in coal consumption. The findings confirm that environmental pollution decreases coal consumption in the short run and the long run. This implies that coal consumption may be green consumption in Vietnam.

Purpose – This case study is dedicated to the study of the presence of KIA Motors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and its market and entry strategies for strategic globalization that allowed the company to establish itself within a conservative and clustered marketplace dominated by American and Japanese international brands. Research Design, data, and methodology – The main information for the case was gathered through an interview and questionnaire from the executives of the KIA Al Jabr, which got the exclusive dealership in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, secondary data were obtained from reliable and authoritative sources such as the Saudi government agency publications, newspapers, international business journals. Other related periodicals based on the results from previous and current studies on similar topics were critically reviewed as well. Results – The findings of this paper show the different business environments of the Saudi market and the importance of various points regarding the company’s global entry strategy even if the host market culture is quite different in many ways from other international markets. Conclusions – This case can provide Korean companies interested in the Middle East with insight into market penetration and global strategy, and present various perspectives and implications for global market access as well.