Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a solid-state joining process and a rapidly growing dissimilar material welding technology for joining metallic alloys in the automotive industry. Welding tool shape and process conditions must be appropriately controlled to obtain high bonding characteristics. In this study, FSSW is performed on dissimilar materials AA5052-H32 aluminum alloy sheet and SPRC440 steel sheet, and the influence of the shape of joining tool and tool insertion depth during joining is investigated. A new intermetallic compound is produced at the aluminum and steel sheets joint. When the insertion depth of the tool is insufficient, the intermetallic compound between the two sheets did not form uniformly. As the insertion depth increased, the intermetallic compound layer become uniform and continuous. The joint specimen shows higher values of tensile shear load as the diameter and insertion depth of the tool increase. This shows that the uniform formation of the intermetallic compound strengthens the bonding force between the joining specimens and increases the tensile shear load.

The demand for high-strength steel is rising due to its economic efficiency. Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests have been conducted to investigate the nonlinear behaviors of high-strength steel. Accurate material models must be used to obtain reliable results on seismic performance evaluation using numerical analyses. This study uses the combined hardening model to simulate the LCF behavior of high-strength steel. However, it is challenging and complex to determine material model parameters for specific high-strength steel because a highly nonlinear equation is used in the model, and several parameters need to be resolved. This study used the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to determine the model parameters based on the LCF test data of HSA 650 steel. It is shown that the model with parameter values selected from the PSO accurately simulates the measured LCF curves.

This paper investigates the effects of aspect ratio and volume fraction of hooked-end normal-strength steel fibers on the compressive and flexural properties of high-strength concrete with specified compressive strength of 60 MPa. Three types of hooked-end steel fibers with aspect ratios of 64, 67 and 80 were considered and three volume fractions of 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% for each steel fiber were respectively added into each high-strength concrete mixture. The test results indicated that the addition of normal-strength steel fibers is effective to improve compressive and flexural properties of high-strength concrete but fiber aspect ratio had little effect on the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength. As steel fiber content and aspect ratio increased, flexural beahvior of notched high-strength concrete beams was effectively improved.

Methods for predicting the ultimate/buckling strength of ship structures have been extensively improved in terms of design formulas and analytical solutions. In recent years, the design strategy of ships and offshore structures has tended to emphasize lighter builds and improve operational safety. Therefore, the corresponding geometrical changes in design necessitate the use of high-tensile steel and thin plates. However, the existing design formulas were mainly developed for thick plates and mild steels. Therefore, the calculation methods require appropriate modification for new designs beased on high-tensile steel and thin plates. In this study, a modified formula was developed to predict the ultimate strength of thin steel plates subjected to compressive and shear loads. Based on the numerical results, the effects of the yield stress, slenderness ratio, and loading condition on the buckling/ultimate strength of steel plates were examined, and a newly modified double-beta parameter formula was developed. The results were used to derive and modify existing closed-form expressions and empirical formulas to predict the ultimate strength of thin-walled steel structures.

In this study, the fatigue properties of press die steel, such as SKD11, and three high-durability die steel for the cold forming of ultra-high-strength steel sheets are evaluated. Specimens for fatigue, tensile, and hardness tests are manufactured through the heat treatment recommended by steelmakers and ultra-high precision processing. The general mechanical properties and fatigue properties are derived from hardness, tensile, and fatigue tests for four die steel. The tensile and fatigue properties of die steel derived through the tests are compared and analyzed. In particular, the correlation between the fatigue limit and the general mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation is analyzed, which allows relational expressions to be obtained through regression analysis. Finally, the study confirms that applying high-durability die steel is necessary for improving the die life in the manufacturing of press dies for ultra-high-strength steel sheets.

In the current steel structures of high-rise buildings, high heat input welding techniques are used to improve productivity in the construction industry. Under the high heat input welding, however, the microstructures of the weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) coarsen, resulting in the deterioration of impact toughness. This study focuses mainly on the effects of fine TiN precipitates dispersed in steel plates and B addition in welding materials on grain refinement of the HAZ microstructure under submerged arc welding (SAW) with a high heat input of 200 kJ/cm. The study reveals that, different from that in conventional steel, the γ grain coarsening is notably retarded in the coarse grain HAZ (CGHAZ) of a newly developed steel with TiN precipitates below 70 nm in size even under the high heat input welding, and the refinement of HAZ microstructure is confirmed to have improved impact toughness. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses demonstrate that B is was identified at the interface of TiN in CGHAZ. It is likely that B atoms in the WM are diffused to CGHAZ and are segregated at the outer part of undissolved TiN, which contributes partly to a further grain refinement, and consequently, improved mechanical properties are achieved.

This study deals with the microstructure and tensile properties of 700 MPa-grade high-strength and seismic reinforced steel bars. The high-strength reinforced steel bars (600 D13, 600 D16 and 700 D13 specimens) are fabricated by a TempCore process, while the seismic reinforced steel bar (600S D16 specimen) is fabricated by air cooling after hot rolling. For specimens fabricated by the TempCore process, the 600 D13 and 600 D16 specimens have a microstructure of tempered martensite in the surface region and ferrite-pearlite in the center region, while the 700 D13 specimen has a microstructure of tempered martensite in the surface region and bainite in the center region. Therefore, their hardness is the highest in the surface region and shows a tendency to decrease from the surface region to the center region because tempered martensite has a higher hardness than ferrite-pearlite or bainite. However, the hardness of the 600S D16 specimen, which is composed of fully ferritepearlite, increases from the surface region to the center region because the pearlite volume fraction increases from the surface region to the center region. On the other hand, the tensile test results indicate that only the 700 D13 specimen with a higher carbon content exhibits continuous yielding behavior due to the formation of bainite in the center region. The 600S D16 specimen has the highest tensile-to-yield ratio because the presence of ferrite-pearlite and precipitates caused by vanadium addition largely enhances work hardening.

A parametric study was carried out to gain an insight about structural performances considering abnormal behavior effects in high strength steel pipe strut system. Six load cases were considered as undesirable deflections of strut structures, which are basic load combination, excessive excavation situations, impact loading effects, additional overburden loads, load combinations, and 50% reduction of strut length. Subsequent simulation results present various influences of parameters on structural performances of the strut system. Based on the results, we propose methods to prevent unusual behaviors of pipe-type strut structures made of high strength steels.

A parametric study was carried out to gain an insight about structural performances considering abnormal behavior effects in high strength steel pipe strut system. Six load cases were considered as undesirable deflections of strut structures, which are basic load combination, excessive excavation situations, impact loading effects, additional overburden loads, load combinations, and 50% reduction of strut length. Subsequent simulation results present various influences of parameters on structural performances of the strut system. Based on the results, we propose methods to prevent unusual behaviors of pipe-type strut structures made of high strength steels.

In this study, we investigate the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the gas metal arc welding. According to flux cored arc welding parameters during welding ATOS80, improving the working conditions of the welding industry to use high strength steel ATOS80 we propose to. Weld test is the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness, brittleness, such as macro-structure check of the mechanical properties and the weld, the microstructure inspection, defects of the weld subjected to radio-graphic inspection and tissue after welding the test pieces according to the condition variable comparative analysis was investigated by the state.

The fracture of mechanical structure is caused by internal cracks in the material. Particularly, the fracture can also be seen to happen under the stress that is lower than yield strength in case of high strength steel because of the crack happening from the defect inside the material. In this study, high strength steel with four holes near the center crack were designed by angle and fatigue experiments, and the simulation analyses to verify the experimental results were carried out. As the results of this study, the crack growth rates are shown to be 0.000485, 0.000434 and 0.000422 respectively at the inclined angles of center crack as 22.5°, 45° and 67.5°. The maximum deformation energies become 0.0848mJ, 0.0603mJ and 0.0582mJ respectively at the inclined angles of center crack as 22.5°, 45° and 67.5°. It is thought that this study result can be utilized as the basic data at the study on the material existing with the defects of crack and hole.

In this study, the cold rolled DP590 FSW joints were obtained by the position control type of the FSW machine and examined. The FSW weldability was investigated using the Si3N4 tool specially made by Cold Isostatic Press (CIP). Defect-free joints were formed at 180-300 mm/min at 800 rpm. However, a groove-like defect was observed along the joint line of the advancing side due to the insufficient material flow. In addition, the life of the Si3N4 tool was compared to that of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool for the durability. The SI3N4 tool that was broken in which tool reached a length of 5 m and around half of the performance level of the PCBN tool.

The purpose of this study is to increase applicability of high strength steel, HSA800 to the structure. Selected study of structure is to consider high strength steel, and following parts, 1) Tensile member with no consider of buckling, 2) Truss existing both tension and compression members with small slenderness ratio. This studied structure is included tension column hang on to the upper bridge truss. The structure element quantity with apply HSA800 instead of SM570 is reduced about 38.9% of tension column and 29.7% of bridge truss. In addition, the number of element's division is reduced about two sections due to reduction of self weight that the crane is able to lift up. This improves to reduce erection sequence and construction period which can save about a month. All connections are reviewed as welding and bolt. Also, the cost of welding is reduced about 41.3% due to apply HSA800. In conclusion, applying HSA800 to the hanging structure aggressively can secure economic and constructability.

현재 국내에서 생산되는 구조용 강재의 강도는 크게 5가지로 구분할 수 있다. 경제적인 구조설계를 하기 위하여 적절한 강도의 선정이 우선적으로 요구되는데 현재는 이와 관련된 기존 자료가 충분치 않은 상태이다. 최근, 국내에서 항복강도가 650MPa인 고강도 강재가 개발되어 구조용 강재의 강도 범위가 더 커졌기 때문에 부재 종류별 강재의 선택에 따른 경제성의 차이도 더 커졌을 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 경제적인 구조설계에 도움이 되도록, 항복강도 235MPa, 325MPa 및 650MPa 강재를 다양한 구조부재에 적용함으로서, 고강도 강재 적용에 따른 부재 종류별 경제성을 분석하였다.

Strength bar has merits in workability improvement, construction time shortening and connection details to be easy. But, lap splice length tends to be longer. In this study, high strength threaded bar will be reviewed whether it is appropriate in domestic standards by KCI concrete structural criteria and propose the mechanical splice.