본 연구에서는 통신선 가설 보조 기구인 조가선에 이상 장력이 작용하였을 때 전주의 영향을 유한 요소 해석을 통하여 평가하였고, 전주와 가공 광통신선에 대한 보호 기구를 설계 ․ 해석하여 보호시스템을 개발하였다. 보호시스템은 일반하중 또는 풍압과 일반적인 불평형 하중에서는 조가선이 탈락되지 않고 일정강도 이상이 가해지면 조가선이 자동 탈락되어 전 주의 절손 방지 및 전주에 거치되어 있는 광통신선의 단선 방지 역할을 한다. 이러한 보호시스템의 구조는 유한 요소 해 석을 통하여 해석되어졌고, 실제 제품에 대한 인장강도를 측정함으로써 성능을 입증하였다.

This paper deals with two forms of preventive replacement policy with minimal repair at failure. Those are, 1. the replacement policy I based on the cumulative operating time. 2. the replacement policy II based on the number of failures. The basic assumptions are; (1) the cost of minimal repair at failure is increasing with the number of failures since the last replacement, (2) the equipment fails stochastically with time.

The manufacturing industries which played a major role in the rapid economic growth and industrialization of Korea in the late 20th century had considerable difficulties changing their manufacturing conditions from producer-oriented conditions to customer-oriented ones according to market changes. In this study, increase plant efficiency because grafts together modular system to plant layout and analyzes Work In Process(WIP) between product's cycle time and each process, family efficient plan wishes to choose opposite bank. Simulation approach used for presented methodology The effect will not gain the results for other reasons the inherent conditions of companies, people, and culture which have been hitherto described, but will be expected to help the direction for a new Lay-out production system to reflect on the native conditions rather than fixed technological means and methods in way of an analysis of fundamental problems which small and medium companies in Korea face.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the increasing ankle range motion program on ambulation and balance for the elderly with balance disorder. Eighteen elderly subjects were administered with a timed test twice; approximately 4 weeks apart. The exercise group participated in a fall prevention exercise class at the Y.S. Senior Welfare Center of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The session consisted of a stationary cycle, static stretching ankle joints, balance boards, and progressive resistive exercises using the Thera-band. The results were as follows: Firstly, the increasing ankle range of motion program was effective on the exercise group. Gait-speed was improved (p<.005). Secondly, balance was significantly improved (p<.000). Thirdly, increasing ankle range of motion program was effective in ankle dorsiflexion which was the major risk factor for falls among the elderly. Differences in gait and balance between the groups were examined using a paired t-test (p<.05). The exercise group demonstrated significantly higher values of gait-speed, ankle range of motion, and balance when compared with the non-exercise group. The results of this study suggest that the increasing ankle range of motion program is an effective intervention for the elderly with balance disorder.

Habitat heterogeneity can enhance biological diversity by providing variation in structural diversity. This paper reviewed heterogeneous habitat serves as a population stability and superior demographic performance (e.g., high density, survivorship, repro

The compatibility of exchange data has been the problem of CAD/CAM systems since the very beginning. National and international organizations have addressed the issue through development and release of standards for the exchange of geometric and non-geometric design data. CAD/CAM vendors are in charge with the task of interpreting and implementing these standards into their products. This paper explores an area of CAD/CAM systems development, which deals with effective exchange standards translators’ implementation. We introduce the new approach, which proposes to enclose all the translation operations concerning each exchange format to a separate DLL, thus making a “plug-in.” Later this plug-in could be used together with the CAD/CAM system or with specialized translation software. This approach allows rapidly creating new translators and gaining the reliable, high-efficiency, and, what is important, reusable program code. All examples come from the authors’ practice experiences of dealing with CAD/CAM systems.

The accuracy of rotation of spindle unit could be defined as the stability of its spindle axis while rotating. The rotation in the rolling bearings causes the disturbing influence, which leads to the oscillation of a rotation axis. The main source of oscillation is the interaction between rolling bodies and rings’ races. The first oscillation source investigated was the out-of-shape imperfection of inner bearing ring. It was shown that it is possible to considerably decrease the radial runout of spindle if we can orient the inner rings in such a manner that oscillations caused by them would mutually compensate each other. Also the outer ring harmonics were explored as the second oscillation source. It was found that it is possible to reduce the runout by making the oscillation antiphased by mutually adjusting position of bearings on assembly stage.

This study examined the environmental factors that increase juvenile delinquencies, reviewed the current state and problems of the policy for protecting delinquent juveniles, and proposed improvement plans. Environmental factors that increase juvenile delinquencies are believed to be rapid urbanization, the malfunction of families and schools, changes and diversification of the value system, the influence of mass communications, etc. Therefore, as social and political measures for protecting delinquent juveniles, it is necessary to promote juvenile delinquency prevention movements by local societies, reinforce the function of families, strengthen the all-round education of schools, establish a new value system, and tighten regulations on mass communications harmful to juveniles. In addition to these, as measures based on the Juvenile Law, it is required to individualize and diversify educative measures, pay special attention to sending delinquent juveniles to training schools or reform schools, develop various types of training schools and their programs, create regulations on the juvenile diversion of the police, and assure a due procedure in the protective process of juveniles.

In motor learning, the relative frequency of external feedback is the proportion of external feedback presentations divided by the total number of practice trials. In earlier studies, increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected leg of hemiplegic patients, external feedback was continuously produced as the patient attempted to perform a movement. This feedback was produced to enhance the learning effect. However, recent studies in nondisabled populations have suggested that compared with 100% relative frequency conditions, practice with lower relative frequencies is more effective. My study compared the effect of 100% relative frequency conditions with 67% relative frequency conditions to determine what effect they exerted on motor learning for increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected lower limbs of patients with hemiplegia. Twenty-four hemiplegic patients were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Each group practiced weight transfer motor learning on a machine. During practice, visual feedback was offered to all subjects. The experiment was carried out with full visual feedback for patients in group one but only 67% visual feedback for patients in group two. The percentage of loading on the affected leg was recorded four times: before learning (baseline value), immediately after learning, 30 minutes after learning, 24 hours after learning. The results were as follows: 1. In the 100% visual feedback group, the percentage of loading on the affected leg increased significantly in all three testing modes over the baseline value. 2. In the 67% visual feedback group, the percentage of loading on the affected leg increased significantly in all three measurements. 3. Immediately after learning, the learning effect was not significantly different between the two groups, but was significantly greater after both the 30 minutes delay and the 24 hours period. These results suggest that the 33% reduction in the provision of visual feedback may enhance the learning effect of increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected leg in patients with hemiplegia.

This study was conducted to examine the increasing effects of Ga-As-Al laser Koryo-hand acupuncture on experimental pressure threshold. Forty healthy subjects (female=20. male=20) aged 21 to 30 years were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with same ratio in sex. The subjects in the experimental group (n=20) received Ga-As-Al laser stimulation, and those in the control group (n=20) received sham stimulation on appropriate Koryo-hand acupuncture points M10 on the left hand which is reflex point of upper trapezius portion. Experimental pressure threshold at the contralateral upper trapezius was determined with a pressure algometer and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) before and after treatment. The change of pressure threshold between pretreatment and posttreatment in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). The result indicates that Ga-As-Al laser Koryo-hand acupuncture increases experimental pressure threshold and suggests that it is an effective noninvasive pain management technique.

국내외적인 다양한 環境의 變化에 직면하게 된 기업들에게는 成長과 發展을 위해 새로운 환경에 대한 적절한 대응이 요청되고 있다. 이 때 기업들이 가장 중요시하고 민감하게 대응해야 하는 것은 경쟁력의 향상을 통한 경쟁우위의 構築과 防禦이다. 국민경제의 海外依存度가 높은 우리나라에서는 기업의 경쟁력을 높이는 하부구조로서 수출입 상품을 효율적으로 수송하는 교통서비스와 綜合物流(logistics)의 구축 및 합리적인 운영이 중요하다. 國際綜合物流(International logistics)의 주요 활동으로서 외항화물운송서비스는 국내기업의 배후지원 기능으로서 뿐만 아니라 貿易外收支 稼得源으로서 주요 역할을 담당하고 있기 때문에 외항화물운송서비스의 경쟁력 제고와 경쟁력을 결정하는 여러 요인들에 대한 硏究의 필요성이 높다. 본 연구는 우리나라 交通서비스 특히 國際運送에 있어 중추적인 역할을 담당하는 해운서비스에 대한 경쟁력 決定要因에 대해 기업차원에서 그 決定要因을 파악하고 因果關係를 규명해보고자 시도하였다. 선행연구와 전문가의 견해에 기초한 여러 變數들로 구성된 설문조사와 實證分析 결과 海運서비스의 경쟁력에 영향을 미치는 要因으로는 對顧客서비스 수준, 관련산업으로서 陸上運送業과의 統合程度, 情報시스템의 정도, 水平的 連繫로서 共同運航의 정도, 船舶量과 컨테이너 용기의 보유정도, 기업가와 전문경영자의 전문능력과 근로의욕, 근로자의 전문능력과 근로의욕 등이 확인되었다. 그리고 해운서비스가 국제성이 강하고 경쟁력이 거의 완전히 노출되어 있기 때문에 근로자, 기업가 및 전문경영자 등 人的資源도 주요한 영향요인으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 영향요인들을 기초하여 해운서비스 기업의 경쟁력 증대방안들을 제안하였다.

Safety is built in to the activities of the prudent ship operator. Ant investment made towards this end is likely to have a measurable payback in positive terms. That there must be an investment is inevitable, because the industry at large has let things slip too far too long. Those who have not allowed it to slip too far and who are the first to recognize that safety, far from costing money, in the long term actually preserves it, will be wieners. Too many seem to have lost sight of the fact that every one hundred pennies saved is a full one hundred pennies profit. Every hundred pennies of additional revenue contributes no more then fifteen pence to profit. Environmental protection is not so simple, nor so financially attractive. Man needs the minerals of the Earth as well as the products of the soil and sea survive. We(the human race) are still not in the position, politically or financially to manage the Earth's assets without causing damage. The evidence of our damage is evident in many different parts of the Glove and will in some cases haunt several generations still to come. We have learned a lot, and continue to learn, but despite the best intentions some Government needs for their people will be at the expense of people in another region for the foreseeable future. We sailors ply the seas with the raw materials of commerce as well as the finished and part finished goods. It does not always sit well to consider too deeply what effect the ship and the cargo it carries is having, or may have, on some communities, or on the sea through which sail. None my generation can hold up his head and claim to be without blame in the pollution of the seas. Times are changing though, and Governments are turning their attention more to the protection of our planet and its precious resources. This will not be without cost. The investment will have to be made not for our benefit, but for the benefit of generations yet to come, however the cost will have to be borne by society as a whole, not by the shipping community alone. The debate surrounding the choice between engineering our way to a better tomorrow, or adapting our working practices will continue. Each method has the same goal as its target and as long as we attain the goal does it really matter how we get there?

The purpose of this study is to estimate farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) of direct payment for increasing public benefit using the contingent valuation method. The double-bounded dichotomous choice and the open-ended question were used to measure WTAs for basic form and optional form, respectively. The results show that WTA for basic form was inversely proportional to the acreage. WTAs were KRW 1,694,001 with 2 ha or less, KRW 1,617,789 with over 2 ha~6 ha, and KRW 1,562,977 with over 6 ha. The results also indicate that WTAs for optional form are similar to payments of agricultural environmental conservation program except physical (chemical) control of pests and weed. The results of this study can provide useful information for the establishment of direct payment for increasing public benefit.

This study seeks to examine empirically the effect of leadership style on organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness. The data are from all departments of the undergraduate program at the State University in Central Java, Indonesia. The study comprises all divisions of the undergraduate program, which amounted to 207 people. The method for sampling is based on simple random sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is applied in order to analyze the data. The results show that integrative adaptive leadership style has a positive effect on teamwork and affective commitment. Therefore, in order to improve teamwork, the organization should be assisted in completing the introduction of collaborative conflict resolution. Moreover, affective commitment positively affects organizational effectiveness. Thus, it can be said that efforts to improve the organizational effectiveness, should be supported by affective commitment. The study further revealed that integrative adaptive leadership style has a positive effect on teamwork. This means better execution of integrative adaptive leadership, higher level of coordination and vice versa. Each member has different responsibilities and duties, and it can be done or resolved in different ways. If the leader can accommodate the creativity of the faculty and staff, a solid team can be formed.

The purpose of this study is to figure out the current condition of local governments (Si or Gun) to implement rural development policy in the face of the central government’s drive for increasing devolution. Since late 1990s or early 2000s when scope of rural policy began to expand quantitatively, there has been considerable increase in rural residents’ participation into community projects as a whole. Nevertheless, there exists regional differentiation in local governments’ efforts to systematically support rural development projects (CRDP: Comprehensive Rural Development Programme) and community activities by setting up intermediary organizations or hiring rural development professionals in a public office. According to this survey on local government officials, regions that have made such efforts to support rural policy at a local level, show more advanced level of institutional capacity than other regions in local decision making process for CRDP, role of strategic rural developmental plans, vitality of community actors, etc. In the era of increasing devolution, these differences can be expected to result in diverging performances of each area in regionalized rural policy. The central government needs to introduce EU’s LEADER-type rural development programmes to support community acitivities by various local actors and at the same time promote local governance building for rural policy, adopting institutional rewarding system such as rural planning contract.