Restorative justice refers to an emphasis on dealing with offenders by focusing on repairing harm, and involving victims and communities, as well as offenders. Especially, restorative justice elevates the role of the victim and the community to a special position in the justice process and seeks to responsibility in the offender. A restorative justice approach would appear to have great potential to effect change in an offender's behaviour and attitudes. Community corrections is important to acknowledge the proliferation of community based programs such as crime prevention, diversion from corrections. Community corrections emphasis on deinstitutionalization and decarceration. The usual means of deinstitutionalization include thing such as: probation, recognizance bond, deferred sentence, community attendance center orders and community service order. The usual means of decarceration include thing such as: parole, day-leave schemes, day in prison, camp, conditional-release orders, electronic monitoring. The term community corrections implies consensus, general approval by society, positive outcomes. The relationship between the criminal justice system and community based organization warrants a close examination for outcomes of restorative justice.

There haves been a lot of limitation to solve the problem of daily increasing crime and recidivism with the ideology and the method of conventional criminal justice and corrections. This study is to introduce the Restorative Justice as new paradigm in criminal justice, which to focus on recovering the Victims and attempt to make correction Social Work approach prominent for the substantial correction and rehabilitation. Although the Restorative Justice is classified into Purist Model and Maximalist Model, the restorative balancing process is acquired to overcome the limitation of two models, especially when the offenders and victims can't make any conciliation. And correction Social Work is specialized supporting activities to help inmates to adapt themselves to the living condition of correctional facilities, and to rehabilitate and to educate them to be reborn as decent citizens. 'The Restorative correction Social Work' is contrived in the result of complementing the ideology of the correction Social Work with the Restorative Justice. 'The restorative correction Social Work' is community-based total activities to mediate and reconciliate between victims and offenders to restore mutual conflicting relationship, and to recover the damage during procedure in trials and correction. Many programs should be deviced and put in operation through joining together the approach of the Restorative Justice and the correction Social Work.

  This paper is to test the mediating effect of superior trust on the relationship between organizational justice and service quality in service food industry. Based on 302 data gathered in western Kangwon area, analysis result showed that procedural, int

The criminal justice system is a general term, which means the national organization and system which take charge of investigation of criminal offense, institution of public prosecution, sustainment of public prosecution, trial process, enforcement of the adjudication and enforcement of the punishment. That is the system and function of the police, the prosecutory function, the court and the correction. Generally speaking, the main object of criminal justice organization is the social protection, social defense from the criminal. Also it plays a role not only the social defense but also the ultimate object of criminal actions for criminals' resocialization. Conclusively, the main function of criminal justice system is the criminal protection, punishment and criminals' resocialization. On the premise that, by comparing China and Japan in a similar cultural area, this treatise explores ways toward better Korean criminal justice system.

This paper is to test the mediating effect of superior trust on the relationship between organizational justice and service quality in service food industry. Based on 302 data gathered in western Kangwon area, analysis result showed that procedural, interactional, and distributive justice have affirmative relation with trust, and also trust has close relation with service quality. Therefore, trust appeared to have fully mediating effect on the relationship between organizational justice and service qualify.

전체 형법범 중 소년 형법범의 비중은 감소하고 있으나 소년 강력범의 비중은 오히려 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 그동안 사법당국은 다이버전 정책에 따라 가능한 소년사범에 대해 형사적 재재 보다는 선도와 보호정책을 견지한 것이 사실이다. 그러나 공식통계를 분석한 결과 소년 강력범의 비중이 점차 증가추세에 있고, 재범의 비중도 높아 현행 사법처우에 한계가 있음을 보여준다. 소년 강력범은 범행성향이나 피해자에게 미치는 영향, 그리고 해당 소년의 인격성장에 미치는 영향이 다른 범죄 보다 심각함으로 차별화된 사법처우가 필요하다. 따라서 첫째, 경찰과 검찰의 단계에서의 전담제, 그리고 소년법원의 설치 및 이에 따른 검사선의주의와의 조화, 둘째, 소년의 개인적 특성과 환경에 대한 철저한 조사를 위한 소년분류심사원의 기능강화 및 검찰이 기소하는 소년 강력범에 대한 환경조사 등의 필수적 실시, 셋째, 소년원학교의 획일적인 특성화 교육과정을 지양하고, 소년 강력범에 적합한 보호와 교육과정의 시행, 넷째, 전자감시제, 병영훈련캠프 등의 다양한 보호관찰 제도 운용 등의 대책을 제시하였다.

Greenberg(1990) suggested that organizational justice research may potentially explain many organizational behavior outcome variables. One example of nontraditional job behavior is service quality, for it is part of the spontaneous and innovative behaviors noted by Katz(1964). The first purpose of this research is to test the effects of organizational justice on service quality, and the second purpose is to test the moderating effects of sex and tenure on the relationships between organizational justice and service quality. According to statistical analysis, only interactional justice had an impact on service quality. Also the results of moderating regression analysis showed that short term employees were more sensitive to distributive justice than long term employees. This result means short term employees are more interested in incentive system than long term employees.

The purposes of this study are to review some practical experiences in multi-agency collaboration efforts for the juvenile delinquents in U.S. and to make policy implications, practice for a better multi-agency collaboration system in Korea. Based on these findings, this study suggests multi-agency collaboration for the juvenile delinquents in the juvenile justice process in Korea as follows: First, Goverment should legislate for multi-agency collaboration in the juvenile justice process, establish collaboration system and juvenile correctional center. Second, Collaboration managers or coordinator should be trained so that they can play a variety of professional roles in managing collaboration programs and developed the various programs. Third, The supporting organizations such as goverment, enterprises, schools, social welfare agency, united way, voluntary agency or group, community should be developed and, furthermore, supporting thing such as juvenile justice information resources, financial, technical assistance to enhance the capacity of those correctional institutions.

In recent several studies, interactional justice as well as distributional justice and procedural justice was founded as a important factor of justice. But the other studies proposed that interactional justice was a sub-dimension of procedural justice bec

In this study, we examined the factor structure of justice using confirmative factor analysis. We hypothesized that the factor structure of justice would be divided into three factors; distributional justice, procedural justice and interactional justice. The results of empirical study supported these hypotheses. The results of this study suggest that interactional justice should be regarded as a important factor of justice to analyze the justice and the relationship with justice and related variables more accurately.

이 연구에서는 현재 우리 교정당국이 당면하고 있는 심각한 문제 중의 하나인 過密收容의 原因分析과 刑事司法的 對應方案을 제시하는데 그 목적을 둔다. 과밀수용의 개념과 수용실태에서는 과밀수용 개념을 정의하는 방법 중 形式的 接近方法과 實質的 接近方法에 의거하여 과밀수용의 개념을 설명하고, 수용실태를 통하여 현재 우리 교정당국이 처해 있는 과밀정도, 즉 연중 최대수용시점을 기준으로 수용자 한 명당 0.5평도 되지 않는 작은 공간에서 생활하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 과밀수용의 원인분석에서는 人口增加, 景氣變動, 刑事司法機關의 犯罪에 대한 對應方法으로 나누어 분석하였는데, 가장 직접적이고 영향을 많이 미치고 있는 것은 刑事司法機關의 犯罪에 대한 對應方法에 있음을 알 수가 있었다. 이에 과밀수용에 대한 대응방안으로는 ‘인구증가’와 ‘경기변동’은 형사사법 외적 요인으로 보다 거시적인 사회(경제)정책에 의존할 수밖에 없으므로, 여기에서는 不拘束 搜査擴大로 未決拘禁의 最小化, ‘罰金刑의 積極 活用’, ‘假釋放制度의 積極活用’, ‘短期自由刑에 대한 電子監視의 代替’, ‘民營矯導所의 活用’ 등 형사사법 내적 요인인 형사사법기관의 범죄에 대한 대응방법을 중심으로 살펴보았다.

This study verified the influence of socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of the elderly and the mediating effect of social justice. A statistical analysis of 4257 data in the China CGSS 2017 database was carried out. The analysis results show that socioeconomic status and social justice have a positive impact on the subjective well-being of the elderly, and the social justice plays an incomplete intermediary role. Based on the results of the analysis, this study puts forward several suggestions in terms of policy and practice. First, government may gradually increase the level of pension benefits of the elderly, and provide minimum living security. Second, the community should provide amenities for the elderly to settle their life inconveniences. This research will help improve the subjective well-being of the elderly

This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership (TL), procedural justice (PJ), and training (T) on employee performance (EP) mediated by self-efficacy (SE). The object of this research is Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) M.Th. Djaman, a hospital in Sanggau Regency, while the subjects are the institution’s staff. Data collection search uses purposive sampling with a total of 120 samples. Data are obtained through questionnaires distributed directly to respondents using the Google Form application. Data analysis techniques used in this study include standard error of mean (SEM) with AMOS software version 24.00. Methods use to test validity and reliability of data include Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Construct Reliability (CR) and VE. The results of the analysis show that only training has a significant effect on self-efficacy, and self-efficacy has a significant effect on employee performance. Also, self-efficacy is proven to mediate the role of training on employee performance; the other hypotheses are not significant. Training is the most prominent positive factor affecting self-efficacy and self-efficacy has a significant effect on employee performance at RSUD M.Th. Djaman. The results of this study can be used as a reference by management in determining what policy priorities should take precedence.

This study examines the direct effect of workforce restructuring on the withdrawal behavior and mediating effect of perceived job insecurity. Empirically it also explores the moderating effect of career plateau and procedural justice on the above relationship. The study focuses on the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of career plateau in relations to procedural justice, which will concentrate on the relationship between workforce restructuring and withdrawal behavior. For the empirical study, we collected and analyzed 442 survey data from employees of Korean companies. SPSS 24 is used for reliability, correlation and regression analysis. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, perceived job insecurity mediated the relationship between workforce restructuring and withdrawal behavior. Second, content career plateau had a negative moderating effect on the relationship between workforce restructuring and job insecurity. Finally, the moderating effect of procedural justice was not supported. This research extend workforce restructuring and career plateau related studies; by exploring the mediating variable and moderating variable on the relationship between workforce restructuring and the pertaining outcomes. Based on the results, we provide theoretical and practical implications along with future research recommendations.

This study explored the impact of interactional justice on supply-chain collaboration and sustainable supply-chain performance. Accordingly, it classified interactional justice of supply-chain management (SCM) into interpersonal and informational justice, and empirically classified the effects of these subordinate concepts on supply-chain collaboration and sustainable supply-chain performance. To this end, 700 questionnaires were distributed, and 201 final valid responses were used for the statistical analysis which revealed the significant positive influence of interpersonal justice on informational justice. This indicates that courtesy, respect, and proper words are important in the relationship between buyers and sellers. Both interpersonal and informational justice had a significant positive relationship with supply-chain collaboration. The results suggest that a fair-trade environment should be cultivated to encourage and facilitate seller-buyer collaboration. Lastly, supply-chain collaboration had a positive influence on sustainable supply-chain performance. This implies that if justice is not perceived in the seller-buyer relationship, collaboration can be hindered, which negatively impacts corporate performance. These findings also helped to understand the importance of interactional justice and to propose a new relationship between interpersonal and informational justice.

한국의 이명박 대통령이 2012년 8월 10일 독도를 방문했다. 일본은 독도가 일본영토 라고 하여 이명박 대통령의 독도 방문을 비난했다. 특히 일본 국회에서 독도문제를 국제사 법재판소에 제소하여 해결할 것을 촉구했다. 본 연구는 일본국회에서 독도문제를 국제사 법재판소에서 해결해야한다고 주장하는 견해를 분석하였다. 첫째, 일반적으로 일본은 독도가 일본영토라고 주장한다. 그렇다면 일본국회에는 국회의원들이 독도가 일본영토라고 하는 인식이 적극적인지, 소극적인지, 아니면 일본영토가 아니라고 생각하는지에 관해 고찰했다. 적극적인 견해는 독도가 일본영토임에도 불구하고 현 민주당정부가 적극적으로 독도문제에 소극적으로 대처했다고 일본정부를 비난했다. 소극적인 견해는 독도가 일본영 토임에도 불구하고 이명박 대통령이 독도를 방문하게 된 것은 이전의 자민당정부에서 적극적으로 대처하지 못했기 때문에 생긴 것이라고 하여 정치권 모두의 책임이라고 주장했다. 둘째, 2005년 일본 시마네현이 ‘죽도의 날’ 조례를 제정했다. 그 이후 매년처럼 중앙 정부의 관료를 초빙하여 2월22일에 ‘죽도의 날’ 기념행사를 개최한다. 일본 국회에서도 시마네현의 ‘죽도의 날’ 기념행사에 즈음하여 독도문제를 제기하여 영토문제는 외교문제 이기 때문에 정부주도의 행사를 개최하여 국내외에 홍보해야할 것과 독도문제를 국제사법 재판소에 제소하여 신속하게 해결할 것을 독촉했다. 그러나 독도문제를 제기하는 의원은 시마네현 출신 국회의원 단 한사람뿐이다. 그것도 매년 제기하는 것이 아니라 간혹 제기했다. 이처럼 일본국회에서도 독도 영유권에 관해 그다지 큰 관심을 갖고 있지 않았다. 즉 다시 말하면 일본국회에서도 독도가 일본영토이기 때문에 반드시 찾아와야하는 영토라는 인식이 그다지 많지 않다는 것을 의미한다.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of informational justice on post-recovery satisfaction, and the effect of post-recovery satisfaction on behavioral intentions in e-commerce, including further investigate the moderating effect of service failure severity. Using quantitative method, the population of this research are online customers in Indonesia, with non-probability sampling that will be done by purposive sampling method based on predetermined criterias, which are customers who were doing transactions in the Business to Consumer (B2C) online sites, experienced service failure in the last 6 months, submitted a complaint, and received a response. Sample of 317 online customers were gathered and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling. The results of this study indicated that 5 hypothesis are supported with data. As a conclusion, informational justice and post-recovery satisfaction has positive effect, while service failure severity acts as a moderator between post-recovery satisfaction and behavioral intentions. As a managerial implication, online store management needs to ensure the informational justice to make a post-recovery satisfaction. Therefore, online store management needs to ensure the informational justice to make a post-recovery satisfaction, increase repurchase and positive e-word of mouth intention, also work harder to recover services, especially in high service failure severity condition.