Worldwide, oral cancer accounts for 2%–4% of all cancer cases. It is estimated that more of 90% of all oral neoplasms are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aims of this study were to evaluate follow-up outcomes in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone who underwent primary radical resection and reconstructive surgery by fibular free flap or CAD-CAM T-mesh with pathological study on two cases. In this article, two cases of mandibular reconstruction in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are reported. A 68-year-old male patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the left mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, a enterocutaneous fibular free flap from right leg was used to cover the intraoral mucosal defect. The other 51-year-old female patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the right mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, reconstruction was done with a reconstruction plate and a fibula free flap from right leg. Unfortunately, fibular free flap was lost due to infection of the flap at post-operative 1month, secondary reconstruction using a custom-made type T-mesh and iliac PCBM was done to repair on the mandibular defect after four years postoperatively. The customized CAD-CAM T-mesh was made prior to the operation according to mirror image of remained jaw. Patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are required an accurate segmental mandibulectomy immediate reconstructive surgery with various methods and followed by adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy in order to improve the quality of life through the restoration of the oral function and esthetics after surgery. Postoperative CCRT was determined according to the final pathologic findings such as lymph node metastasis and main lesion free margin safety, and this has an essential relationship in the prognosis of postoperative recurrence. We reviewed reliable treatment options on two patients of OSCC in mandible with pathologic findings.Worldwide, oral cancer accounts for 2%–4% of all cancer cases. It is estimated that more of 90% of all oral neoplasms are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aims of this study were to evaluate follow-up outcomes in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone who underwent primary radical resection and reconstructive surgery by fibular free flap or CAD-CAM T-mesh with pathological study on two cases. In this article, two cases of mandibular reconstruction in patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are reported. A 68-year-old male patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the left mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, a enterocutaneous fibular free flap from right leg was used to cover the intraoral mucosal defect. The other 51-year-old female patient visited the authors’ clinic with pain on the right mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular OSCC, reconstruction was done with a reconstruction plate and a fibula free flap from right leg. Unfortunately, fibular free flap was lost due to infection of the flap at post-operative 1month, secondary reconstruction using a custom-made type T-mesh and iliac PCBM was done to repair on the mandibular defect after four years postoperatively. The customized CAD-CAM T-mesh was made prior to the operation according to mirror image of remained jaw. Patients with OSCC invading the mandibular body bone are required an accurate segmental mandibulectomy immediate reconstructive surgery with various methods and followed by adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy in order to improve the quality of life through the restoration of the oral function and esthetics after surgery. Postoperative CCRT was determined according to the final pathologic findings such as lymph node metastasis and main lesion free margin safety, and this has an essential relationship in the prognosis of postoperative recurrence. We reviewed reliable treatment options on two patients of OSCC in mandible with pathologic findings.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used in clinical fields and done by three components: photosensitizers (PSs), light and oxygen. Under the action of PS as an energy transforming media, the light energy is converted to chemical energy to make effects on target. In the process of PDT, its effect is determined a lot by the parameter of light and the characteristics of PSs. With the development of light source and photosensitizer, the application of PDT has been investigated in oral diseases. This review mainly focused on the effect of PDT on non-tumor diseases of oral cavity, including endodontic, periodontal and mucosal problem. Compared with the normal therapy, the combination therapy with PDT could obtain better efficacy. It was suggested that PDT showed great advantages as an adjuvant therapy in the above oral diseases. Through a further improvement, PDT is expected to play an increasingly important role on the oral disease treatment in the future.

Extranodal intraoral Hodgkin lymphoma is not common. We report the case of a 78-year-old male patient with ulcer of the mandibular oral mucosa that was not cured for about 3 weeks. In biopsy and histopathologic examination, it was found to be extranodal intraoral Hodgkin lymphoma. Early diagnosis of oral lesions led to early detection of lesions of the opposite neck lymph node in an additional PET-CT scan. We report this case and review relevant literature.

In the oral literature of Qing Dynasty, there are a lot of Chanese characters with variant forms, including the standardized and vulgar forms, the traditional and simplified forms, and the ancient and modern forms. These variant forms of the same character ususlly can tell us the evolution of the word meaning and pronunciation, and also can tell us the new difference of the wording meaning and pronunciation between the forms of the character in Qing Dynasty, such as “得dĕi-得„ (《Yu yen tzuerh chi》)、哪-那„ (《Yu yen tzuerh chi》)、狠/哏-很、這麼-這們、喝-欱、他-怹tān（《Yan jingfuyu》）”. Therefore, the variant forms of the same character have great value in the history of words. In the literature of dialect in Qing Dynasty, the words of dialect recorded the pronunciation of dialect very well, yet these dialect words have not been paid much attention to in academic research. It is expected that these variant forms of the same character can draw more attention in researching of ancient books.

구비문학에는 많은 인물과 주제와 소재가 존재한다. 또한 이것들은 이야기를 구성하는 데 중요한 역할을 하며, 이러한 요소를 활용하여 그들의 의식을 표현할 수 있다. 그 중에서 인물은 이야기의 구성상 가장 핵심적이고 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 본고에서는 서울과 경기지역에 나타난 통치자를 중심으로 살펴본 결과 각 지역마다 통치자의 인물형상이 보편화되어 드러나는 것이 아니라 지역적 특색에 맞게 통치자의 형상이 나타나고 있었다. 즉, 서울권은 보다 사실적인 묘사를 통해 평민의식을 실현했으며, 여주, 용인, 남양주 등과 같은 지역은 풍수와 관련된 설화가 많은데 이는 왕릉이 주로 분포된 곳이기 때문에 이러한 풍수사상이 평민에게 스며들었고, 수원․화성의 통치자는 대부분 정조가 등장하는데 이는 역사적으로 정조가 아버지인 장헌세자를 그리워 자주 찾았다는 점에서 그 이유를 찾을 수 있다. 이와 같이 통치자의 형상이 각 지역의 역사적, 사회적 특징에 맞게 구비문학으로 전승되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clinicopathologic disorder characterized by proliferation of histiocyte- like cells (langerhans cell histiocytes) accompanied by varying other inflammatory cells. LCH commonly involves the oral and maxillofacial region, but is very rarely seen. Then LCH has made it difficult to investigate the clinical and histological aspects. We investigated LCH of oral and maxillofacial region and analyzed clinical and histological characteristics. We reviewed the records of all patients who were diagnosed as LCH, retrospectively. Data included patient’s age, sex, chief complaint, clinical diagnoses, radiologic and histologic reports, and clinical course. We analyzed clinical and histological characteristics. From 2000 to 2007, 8 patients were diagnosed as LCH. 7 were children and 1 was adult. All cases involved mandible. Clinical type of all cases were“eosinophilic granuloma”. 6 cases were classified as“unifocal disease”and 2 cases were“multifocal single system diseases”. Microscopic findings commonly showed numerous histiocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm (langerhans histiocytes). In 6 cases, immunohistochemical study was accomplished and confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. 6 cases were cured and not recurred, and 2 cases had loss of follow- up. Unifocal disease type of LCH may arise in Korean people more frequently than in western people (75% Vs 49%). Therefore, the higher frequency of unifocal disease of LCH is expected to raise the cure rate and to improve patient prognosis in Korean patients with LCH.

29-year-old female with chronic renal failure and a history of hemodialysis during 10 years showed localized jaw enlargement in the anterior mandible. She also revealed increased serum PTH level, osteosclerosis in her skull base and facial bone, chronic pain in the both knee joint, and gastrointestinal disorder which are symptoms of renal osteodystrophy. The patient was diagnosed hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure. Parathyroidectomy was performed, however, serum PTH level increased again after the parathyroidectomy, the affected area of the mandible was enlarged as the serum PTH level increased. The enlarged area seemed like as peripheral lesion clinically. We reported a case of localized jaw enlargement as oral manifestation in renal osteodystrophy.

산업의 발달과 농촌의 도시화로 인하여 각종 농기계가 도입되면서 혼자서도 농사지을 수 있게 되었고, 들녘을 가로지르던 농부들의 노랫 가락은 더 이상 들을 수 없게 되었다. 사람들은 온갖 이야기를 풀어내던 사랑방 대신 마을회관에 모여 대화를 나누기보다는 텔레비전 화면에 시선을 고정시킨다. 화면이 시키는 대로 웃고 울면서 시간을 보내고 있다. 이제 더 이상은 과거와 같은 자연적이고 역동적인 구비문학의 전승현장은 찾아보기 어렵게 된 것이다. 함양군 지곡면 개평마을에 남아있는 구비문학 자료를 찾기 위해서는 현장의 목소리를 직접 채록하여 지역민의 정서 표출 욕구를 풀어내야 하겠지만 이야기판이나 노래판을 벌이기에 여건이 마땅치도 않고 몇몇 사람의 노래나 이야기만으로 마을을 대표한다고 할 수도 없다. 따라서 가장 최근에 조사된 『한국구비문학대계』 개정, 증보판의 내용이 자료로서의 가치가 충분하기에 대계의 자료를 중심으로 개평마을의 설화와 민 요를 살펴보았다. 개평마을의 이야기와 노래가 지니고 있는 최근의 모습은 마을 공동체의 변화와 함께 끊임없이 문화가 창출되고 변용되는 시공 간이 지닌 구비문학의 양상을 살피는 미시적 모델이 될 수도 있다. 마을 주민들은 마을 공동체의 구성원으로서 주민들의 유대와 협력을 중시한다. 여성 제보자들은 허구적이며 상상력에 바탕을 둔 이야기를 즐기며, 남성 제보자는 역사적 사실이나 실제성을 증명할 수 있는 이야기에 공을 들인다. 여성들의 이야기에서도 부모에 대한 효도와 며느리로서 집안을 일으키고 잘 살아야한다는 부담에서 자유로울 수 없었다. 인생을 들여다보고 살피는데 있어서도 여성들의 이야기는 운명적인 데가 많다. 타고난 팔자는 피할 수 없다고 믿으면서도 행운과 불운에 대해 민감하며, 우연과 행운에 기대와 희망을 걸고 살아간다. 구비문학 현장에는 여성제보자들의 이야기와 노래가 많다. 남성들은 이야기판에 관심이 없거나 직접 겪은 일이 아니면 이야기를 하지 않았다. 감정표현에 솔직하고 욕망을 드러내는데 주저하지 않았던 여성제보자들의 이야 기는 인간의 솔직한 감정표현이라고 하겠다. 오랜 세월 여성들은 자연적이고 자발적으로 민요를 가창했을 것이며, 들어주는 사람이 없어도 즐기고 만족하며 노래불렀을 것이다. 자신 들의 힘들고 고된 삶을 이야기로 풀어내기보다는 민요에 얹어서 부르는 것이 더 자연스러운 일인지도 모른다. 타박네가 엄마 찾아 산소 가는 사연을 노래 부르며 어머니로서보다는 딸로서 어머니를 찾고 싶은 욕망을 드러냈으며, 계모가 사위 죽이려는 노래에서는 딸이나 여자로서의 꿈과 행복이 가장 좋은 일조차 방해받을 수도 있다는 한스러움을 노래했던 것이다. 농삿일이 기계화되고 놀이조차 행사나 축제의 하나로 통합되면서 여성들이 모여서 ‘노랫가락’이나 잡가를 부르고 놀게 되었던 일까지 이제는 오래 전의 추억으로 남아있을 뿐이다.