이 연구는 북한에서 개혁개방이 일어날 가능성과, 개혁개방이 발생하 면 어떤 형태를 띨 것인지에 대하여 분석한다. 김정은 집권 이후를 연 구범위로 설정하고, 북한을 둘러싼 국제정치, 북한 주민의 아래로부터 의 개혁, 그리고 고위 엘리트층의 변혁이라는 세 가지 측면에서 가능성 을 예측한다. 주요 결론은 국제정치와 북한 주민의 관점에서 점진적 개 혁개방의 가능성이 현저히 낮으며, 엘리트 내부 균열에 의한 우발적 체 제 변화 가능성이 가장 높다는 것이다. 이 연구를 통해 대한민국과 국 제사회의 대북정책 방향 설정에 함의를 제공하고, 구체적으로 한국의 정책적 대응 전략을 제시하며, 통일과 안보 의제에 실질적인 분석을 제 공한다.

In 2024, the South Korean government’s research and development budget cuts sparked significant concerns in the scientific community, prompting increased interest in international research funding opportunities. In this regard, South Korea’s upcoming participation as an Associated Country in the European Union’s (EU’s) Horizon Europe offers a timely opportunity. Horizon Europe is the EU’s flagship research and innovation program, running from 2021 to 2027 with a budget of €95.5 billion. It is structured on three key pillars: 1) excellent science; 2) global challenges and European industrial competitiveness; and 3) innovative Europe. South Korea’s direct benefits will focus on Pillar II, which emphasizes global challenges across six clusters, including health, climate, and digital innovation. It should be noted that participation in the program mandates international collaborations, typically involving consortia with diverse expertise. Meanwhile, the National Contact Points network has been expanded to support Korean researchers, offering the necessary resources to facilitate engagement with EU counterparts. By leveraging these opportunities, South Korean researchers aim to collaboratively address global challenges, thus enhancing the nation’s scientific standing.

세친은 유식삼십송 마지막 다섯 게송에서 유식오위설을 설명한다. 아뢰야식은 자체(自體, ātma-bhāva)를 만들고, 유식성을 향하여 나간다. 유식성은 아뢰야식이 의타기성의 잡염분인 변계소집성을 벗어나서, 진여 와 무분별지인 원성실성을 이룬 것을 의미한다. 유식삼십송의 주관적 측면의 아뢰야식은 자체를 의미하며, 자체가 유식성을 성취한다는 것은 번뇌 제거를 의미한다. 세친의 오위설은 아뢰야식을 자체의 개념으로 바 라보고 번뇌의 유기적 관계를 체계적으로 기술한다. 자체는 아뢰야식 일기(一期)의 생을 유지하는 유근신이며, 아뢰야식의 집수에 의한 것이며 종자와 함께 만들어진다. 유신근은 주관에 해당하며, 종자는 소연경(대상)에 의해 형성된 명언종자이다. 오위설은 아뢰야식 내 부의 근본적인 분별의 양상을 이취(二取)라고 하는데, 유식성이 전개되는 단계에서는 이취의 명칭이 달리 사용된다. 자량위는 이취가 남아 있다. 가행위는 미세한 대상이 나타나야만 이취가 나타난다. 가행위의 이취는 수면(隨眠)이라고 하며 유부무기의 번뇌이다. 통달위는 이취가 사라짐으 로써 진여와 무분별지가 성취된다. 수습위는 아뢰야식 내부의 이취를 제 거하는데, 세친은 수습위의 번뇌를 추중(麤重)이라고 한다. 추중은 아뢰야 식 내부의 이장(二障), 즉 번뇌장과 소지장이다. 번뇌장은 아뢰야식 내부 의 주관이며, 소지장은 아뢰야식 외부의 객관이다. 이장은 아뢰야식의 최 초 분별이며, 이취의 또 다른 이름이며, 아・법(我・法)의 형태이다. 이장 은 보살십지에서 무분별지의 수행과 중생구제의 이타행을 통해 제거된다.

North Korea has repeatedly provoked using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and the threat posed by UAVs continues to escalate, as evidenced by recent directives involving the use of waste-laden balloons and the development of suicide drones. North Korea’s small UAVs are difficult to detect due to their low radar cross-section (RCS) values, necessitating the efficient deployment and operation of assets for effective response. Against this backdrop, this study aims to predict the infiltration routes of enemy UAVs by considering their perspective, avoiding key facilities and obstacles, and propose deployment strategies to enable rapid detection and response during provocations. Utilizing the Markov Decision Process (MDP) based on previous studies, this research presents a model that reflects both UAV flight characteristics and regional environments. Unlike previous models that designate a single starting point, this study addresses the practical challenge of uncertainty in initial infiltration points by incorporating multiple starting points into the scenarios. By aggregating and integrating the probability maps derived from these variations into a unified map, the model predicts areas with a high likelihood of UAV infiltration over time. Furthermore, based on case studies in the capital region, this research proposes deployment strategies tailored to the specifications of currently known anti-drone integrated systems. These strategies are expected to support military decision-making by enabling the efficient operation of assets in areas with a high probability of UAV infiltration.

이 연구의 목적은 사립대학 교양체육수업을 수강한 대학생의 회복탄력성이 대학생활만족도와 그릿에 미치는 영향을 구조적으로 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구를 위해 교양체육 수업을 수강한 비체육전공 대학생 283명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하 였다. 이 연구의 자료처리를 위해 설문지의 응답 내용을 자료화하였고, 통계프로그램 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 21.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. SPSS 23.0에서는 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 AMOS 21.0을 활용하여 연구모형의 통계적 적합도를 파악하기 위해 확인적 요인분석과 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시하였으며, 이 과정에서 도출된 CFI, Tucker-lewis(TLI), RMSEA 등의 값을 검토하였다. 첫째, 모형 1은 교양스포츠를 수강한 대학생의 회복탄력성이 대학생활만족도에 미치는 영향과 대학생활만 족도가 그릿의 흥미지속성에 미치는 영향에서 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. 둘째, 모형 2는 교양스포츠를 수강한 대학생의 회복탄력성이 대학생활만족도와 대학생활만족도가 그릿의 노력에 미치는 영향에서 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 교양스포츠를 수강한 대학생의 회복탄력성이 대학생활만족도에 미치는 영향과 대학생활만족도 가 그릿의 지속적인 관심과 노력에 미치는 영향에서 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study responds to literature calls to investigate the different social and psychological antecedents of negative consumer emotional well-being in the context of the health crisis Covid-19. We perform a path analysis on a sample of Australian consumers during the Covid-19 lockdown. We find that social norms and word-ofmouth increase consumer fear-of-missing-out which in turn fuels panic buying behavior. Such behavior is moreover spurred by positive motivations to panic buy. By contrast, we find that consumer ability to self-regulate during Covid-19’s reduces their tendencies to succumb to panic buying. We moreover find that such self-regulation is enhanced through sustainable product consumption behavior during Covid-19. Lastly, it was found that panic buying has a negative influence on emotional well-being of consumers. Implications of our findings for theory and future research directions are provided.

This study focuses on the path planning algorithm for large-scale autonomous delivery using drones and robots in urban environments. When generating delivery routes in urban environments, it is essential that avoid obstacles such as buildings, parking lots, or any other obstacles that could cause property damage. A commonly used method for obstacle avoidance is the grid-based A* algorithm. However, in large-scale urban environments, it is not feasible to set the resolution of the grid too high. If the grid cells are not sufficiently small during path planning, inefficient paths might be generated when avoiding obstacles, and smaller obstacles might be overlooked. To solve these issues, this study proposes a method that initially creates a low-resolution wide-area grid and then progressively reduces the grid cell size in areas containing registered obstacles to maintain real-time efficiency in generating paths. To implement this, obstacles in the operational area must first be registered on the map. When obstacle information is updated, the cells containing obstacles are processed as a primary subdivision, and cells closer to the obstacles are processed as a secondary subdivision. This approach is validated in a simulation environment and compared with the previous research according to the computing time and the path distance.

With the increasing cultural exchanges, ethnic exchanges and international exchanges in the 21st century, the distance between countries and peoples has been gradually narrowed, and it is the urgent desire of every country to achieve peace, stability and development together. In this international situation, a new idea, “multicultural education”, has been born, which is to safeguard and protect the equal and common right to education of people of all countries by means of the power of education. One of the main objectives of multicultural education is to provide students with the necessary knowledge, culture and skills to help them better stand firm in the context of different ethnic cultures, community cultures, social mainstream cultures and cross-ethnic cultures, aiming to eliminate the concept of integration or homogenization, and avoid seeing all students as individuals with the same cultural background and experience. It’s about respecting and acknowledging their diversity. Multicultural education is not only a process of educational reform, but also a positive educational idea or value concept, which is of great significance to modern society and an important way to meet the diversified needs of students and improve the quality of education. At the same time, it also helps to cultivate students’ understanding and respect for different cultures and promotes the development of global citizenship. The concept of multicultural education has been clearly reflected in many disciplines, and the field of art is no exception. This concept emphasizes the importance of arts education in promoting cultural diversity and national identity. Through exposure to and learning about the music of different countries, nationalities and regions, students can also better understand and appreciate the value and uniqueness of various cultures, while strengthening their identity and pride in their own culture. From the perspective of multi-culture, Chinese music education has experienced a series of changes and development in the past period of time, and at the same time ushered in unprecedented opportunities and challenges. According to relevant research findings, China began to explore and study multicultural music education many years ago, and although it has made some achievements, there are still many problems. Based on this, this paper summarizes the problems exposed by Chinese music education under the multicultural situation, and explores and analyzes how to achieve better and more long-term development of Chinese music education under the multicultural perspective based on these problems.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proposed the concept of “Chinese Path to Modernization” at the 20th National Congress of the CCP in October 2022. Thereafter, President Xi Jinping further developed the concept in various public speeches and saw it as a key theoretical innovation for the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. “Chinese Path to Modernization” embodies five main features: modernization of a huge population, of common prosperity for all, of material and cultural-ethical advancement, of harmony between humanity and nature, and of peaceful development. It indicates that China expects to breaks the modernization model of Western powers and seeks to build theoretical foundation for its own development path. Despite “Chinese Path to Modernization” growing into a heated topic among the Chinese academia, existing research appears to be overwhelmingly propaganda-oriented and lacks of solid academic basis. Meanwhile, the “Chinese Path to Modernization” theory has also drawn substantial research attention in Korea. Korea’s China experts have provided various analysis on possible impacts to Chinese political economy and Sino-Korean relations in the future. This paper reviews the evolution of modernization theory in China. Moreover, this study also explores the core ideas and key implications embedded into this emerging concept, and looks at its potential impacts to China’s national governance from both theoretical and policy-based landscapes.

Safeguards systems and measures are determined through diversion scenario analysis based on the facility design information submitted to the IAEA when a new nuclear facility is introduced. While the concept of safeguards-by-design (SBD), which considers the safeguards from the design phase for a facility operator to minimize unplanned changes or disruption to facility operations as well as for the IAEA to increase the efficiency and effectiveness in safeguards implementation, has been emphasized for more than a decade, there is no practical tool or guidance on how to apply it. In this study, we develop a diversion path analysis tool and introduce how to apply SBD using it. A diversion path analysis tool was developed based on the elements that constitute diversion and the algorithm generated based on the initial information of facility and nuclear material flow. The results of utilizing the analysis tool depending on a different level of facility information and the safeguards set-ups were compared through examples. Taking a typical light water reactor as an example, the test analyzed the automatic generation of dedicated routes, configuration of safeguards measures, and diversion path analysis. Through this, the application and limitations of the analysis tool are discussed, and ideas for utilization according to the SBD concept and necessary regulatory guidance are proposed. The results of this study are expected to be directly utilized to domestic nuclear control during the regulation process for a construction of new nuclear power systems, and furthermore, to enhance national credibility in the engagement with the IAEA for implementation of safeguards.

This study examines the persistent decline of the motorcycle industry despite governmental interventions, using the perspective of path dependency. Drawing from W. B. Arthur's concept of 'Lock-in by insignificant historical events', the research delves into the lock-in phenomena within the industry's life cycle. We identified path dependency lock-in categories: contingency, historicity, and technological lock-in. The industry's licensing production method during its embryonic phase led to limited technological capabilities, establishing a technological path dependency. During the currency crisis and in alignment with China's open-door policy, the industry chose to import cheaper components, opting for economies of scale over technological innovation, intensifying the lock-in. Furthermore, the classification of motorcycle as a free industry before the currency crisis resulted in a lack of governmental support. This neglect has continued, with even modern electric motorcycle facing regulation. In conclusion, to overcome this entrenched path dependency and lock-in, significant governmental policy restructuring is essential.

A spiral flow path was applied to solve the problem of the existing straight flow path in the leveling shaft, a key component of the self-levelizer that can maintain the height according to the change in payload in EV, SUV. In this study, flow analysis was performed to check the velocity, pressure drop, and flow direction of oil according to the main operating conditions of the leveling shaft with a spiral flow path. As a result of the study, a leveling shaft with a spiral flow path is likely to improve fluid properties around the orifice and inlet valve under compression conditions, and it is judged to have a development application effect.

Ship collision accidents not only endanger the safety of ships and personnel, but also may cause serious marine environmental pollution. To solve this problem, advanced technologies have been developed and applied in the field of intelligent ships in recent years. In this paper, a novel path planning algorithm is proposed based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to construct a decision-making system for ship's autonomous collision avoidance using the process analysis which combines with the ship encounter situation and the decision-making method based on ship collision avoidance responsibility. This algorithm is designed to avoid both static and dynamic obstacles by judging the collision risk considering bad weather conditions by using BP neural network. When the two ships enter a certain distance, the optimal collision avoidance course and speed of the ship are obtained through the improved collision avoidance decision-making method. Finally, through MATLAB and Visual C++ platform simulations, the results show that the ship collision avoidance decision-making scheme can obtain reasonable optimal collision avoidance speed and course, which can ensure the safety of ship path planning and reduce energy consumption.

수도권에 위치한 S매립장 내 3개의 매립장을 대상으로 매립가스 배출 및 주요 경로별 표면 발산과 관련된 분석을 하였다. 전체 매립가스 발생비율 10.9%인 LS1이 총 표면발산 비중은 49.4%를 차지하고 있었다. 3개 매립장에서의 메탄의 총 표면발산은 13.6 Nm3/min로서, LS1 8.4 Nm3/min (61.7%), LS2 4.0 Nm3/min(29.4%), LS3 1.2 Nm3/min(8.9%)이고, 발산경로별로는 상부 7.3 Nm3/min (53.2%), 사면 6.4 Nm3/min(46.7%), 다이크 0.02 Nm3/min(0.1%)이었다. 3개 매립장의 주요 배출경로 별 산화율은 다이크가 87.5%로 가장 크고, 상부 72.3%, 사면 71.8% 순이었다. 메탄을 기준으로 표면발 산 기여율은 매립장 별로 LS1이 전체의 61.7%로 가장 컸다. 주요 배출경로별로는 LS1의 사면이 전체의 41.7%, LS2의 상부 24.4%, LS1의 상부 20.0%로서 S매립장의 전체 메탄 표면발산량의 86.1%를 차지함 에 따라 향후 집중적인 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.