귤굴나방은 제주도 감귤원에서 경제적으로 중요한 해충이지만, 상대적으로 월동생태와 관련된 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 귤굴나방이 월동과 관련하여 다음 해 초기개체군 발생과 어떻게 연결되는지 발육단계별 저온 실내실험과 야외실험 및 노지 감귤원 포장조사를 통하여 구명하였다. 연구 결과, 동일한 저온 조건에서 귤굴나방의 발육단계에 따라 생존기간의 유의한 차이가 있었으며 성충이 번데기보다 더 오래 생존하는 것으로 나타났다. 귤굴 나방 성충과 번데기를 야외 감귤원에 접종한 후 생존기간을 평가한 결과, 서귀포지역에서 성충은 다음 해 3월 24일까지 생존하였다. 이는 일반적으로 서귀포지역의 봄순 발아가 3월 중순에 시작된다는 사실을 고려했을 때 성충태로 월동한 귤굴나방이 다음 해 초기개체군을 형성할 가능성이 높다는 것을 의미한다. 반면에 번데기의 경우 제주시와 서귀포에서 1월을 넘기지 못하고 모두 사망하였다. 또한, 노지 감귤원 내 귤굴나방 발육단계별 밀도조사에서 다음 해 봄까지 노지 감귤원에서 생존한 번데기는 없었던 반면 성충은 모든 과원에서 지속적으로 발견되었다. 따라서 결과를 종합하여 판단해 볼 때, 제주도의 노지 감귤원에서 귤굴나방은 성충태로 월동하는 것으로 판단되며, 번데기의 경우 신초에 형성된 용방에서만 생존할 수 있다는 제약이 있기 때문에 겨울철 동해 피해를 받기 쉬운 신초에서 월동 후 다음 해 초기개체군 형성에 기여하는 것은 쉽지 않을 것으로 판단된다.
본 연구는 감귤의 해충인 귤굴나방(Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) 의 포식 기생자 천적의 종류와 기생률을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 2013~2014 제주 감귤원에서 발견된 귤굴나방 포식 기생자 천적은 좀벌상과에 속한 총 7종을 발견되었다. 그 중 좀벌과에 속한 Sympiesis striatipes가 73%, Quadrastichus sp.가 22%로 우점하였다. 나머지 종은 Neochrysocharis sp., Ageniaspis sp., Pnigalio sp., Holcopelte sp., Trichomalopsis sp. (Pteromalidae) 등이었다. 천적의 평균 기생률은 관행방제 과원에서 10.7%, 무농약 과원에서는 32.2% 이었다.
귤굴나방은 감귤의 잎을 가해하여 나무의 생산력을 떨어뜨리는 해충으로 특히 유목기 피해가 큰 해충이다. 본 연구에서는 신초 잎의 위치에 따른 알의 분포 특성과 포장상태에서 유충의 생존률을 구명하였다. 감귤원에서 귤굴나방 알의 발생 양상은 신초의 발생시기에 크게 영향을 받았다. 성충이 페로몬 트랩에 계속 유살되고 있음에도 신초의 성장이 중단된 경우에는 알 발생도 중단되었다. 감귤신초 잎에서 귤굴나방 알의 밀도는 끝에서 5번째 또는 6번째 잎에서 피크를 보였고, 전체적으로 첫 번째에서 8번째 잎 범위에서 90% 이상의 알이 발견되었다. 2015년과 2016년 유충이 번데기까지 생존한 평균 비율은 1.4%이었고, 성충 우화까지 생존한 비율은 0.2%로 대부분이 사망한 것으로 나타났다. 기타 감귤 신초 잎에 서 알의 분포 및 유충 생존율에 따른 귤굴나방 관리전략에 대하여 고찰하였다.
본 연구는 감귤의 해충인 귤굴나방의 기생성 천적의 종류와 기생률을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 2013~2014 제주 감귤원에서 발견된 귤굴나방 기생봉 천적은 좀벌상과에 속한 총 7종이 발견되었다. 그 중 좀벌과에 속한 Sympiesis striatipes가 73%, Quadrastichus sp.가 22%로 대부분을 점유하였다. 나머지 종은 Neochrysocharis sp., Ageniaspis sp., Pnigalio sp., Holcopelte sp., Trichomalopsis sp.(Pteromalidae) 등이었다. 천적의 평균 기생률은 관행재배에서 10.7%, 무농약 과원에서는 32.2%를 나타냈다.
The citrus leaf miner (CLM) is a of important citrus pests in Jeju island, but it’s not clear about ecology of over-wintering in Jeju. We investigated the developmental stage to know how the CLM overwinters in 20 sites. And we investigated the mortality of larvae, pupae and adult stage of CLM in open citrus cultivated field December, 2017 to April 2018 and growth chamber conditions(from –10 to 5 ℃). As a result, no larvae and adult survived open field during winter. We concluded that the CLM usually overwinters as pupa during winter.
The citrus leaf miner (CLM) is an important citrus pest. A thorough understanding of the biology and population dynamics of CLM are essential for development of reliable pest population prediction system. We investigated the developmental periods of the species under ten constant temperature schemes (12.5℃~39℃). Furthermore, we established a development model of CLM, based on the result of a laboratory experiment. The immature developmental duration of CLM at constant temperatures were 63.5 days at 15℃, 23.9 days at 21℃, 15.6 days at 27℃, and 12.3 days at 33℃, showing statistically significant difference among temperature regimes. The lower threshold temperature and thermal constant were 11.3℃ and 243.7 DD, respectively, for immature development. In relation to temperature, non-linear development models were established for each developmental stage of CLM.
This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal occurrence of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Citrus leafminer; CLM) and parasitoids in Jeju region, where the damage of CLM to the citrus farm has been recently increased. For this study, annual CLM mornitoring using sex pheromone traps were conducted in the citrus farm of Jeju from 2011 to 2015. The mean annual occurrence of CLS was 477,389 and appeared to increase along the temperature.
The genus Phyllocnistis belongs to the family Gracillariidae including 85 described species in the world (De Prins and De Prins 2005). The genus has been placed under the family Phyllocnistidae, which is now the subfamily of the family Gracillariidae.
In Korea, only one species of the family, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton has been listed for the first time by Ko (1969) without the taxonomic information. It was first reported by Heppner (1993) from North America, and it has become to the major pest of Rutaceae, especially damaging on the genus Citrus spp. It has been called as CLM (citrus leafminer) in the world. This study was carried out to identify and monitor CLM easily and correctly with providing the genitalic structures and DNA barcode which is now one of the major insect pest on citrus farm.
This study was conducted to see the initial increasing time of population of citrus leafminer(CLM) in spring and early summer seasons in 2007-2011. CLM adults were monitored using sex pheromone trap which is mainly composed of Z,Z-7, 11-hexadecadienal in the 4, 8 and 5 orchards of the east, south and north part in jeju island, respectively during 2007-2011 seasons. The traps and lures were changed at 10 days and 1 month interval, respectively. Though CLMs were captured on traps from March or April, it was 17, 28 and 28 May in 2007, 16, 26 May and 5 June in 2008, 8, 26 and 26 May in 2009, 27 May, 7 and 7 June in 2010 and 25 May, 2, 2 June in the south, east and north part of Jeju Island, respectively that the CLM population rapidly began to increase toward peaking. The accumulated temperature except less than developmental zero, 12.1 Ujiye T 1990). from January was 248.0, 270.5 and 289.7 in 2007, 193.2, 203.8 and 261.4 in 2008, 202.0, 245.5 and 259.9 in 2009, 261.4, 192.2 and 268.3 in 2010 and 243.4, 246.3 and 252.4 in 2011 at that time. After May overwintered CLM adults are little possible to be counted to the number of captured CLM because adult longevity is about 100 in degree days (Lim 2006). CLM populations in the south part of Jeju Island in first CLM adults increasing periods during 2007-2011 is higher than other parts.
The citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, is an oligophagous pest of Rutaceae family, especially Citrus spp. occurring in most worldwide citrus-growing areas. This study was conducted to evaluate a sex pheromone chemical of CLM, (Z,Z)-7,1l-hexadecadienal (7Z,11Z-16:AI) in monitoring CLM by trap types, the diel activity and the influence of some weather factors on trap catch. CLM was well attracted on a trap baited 7Z,11Z-16:AI 1㎎. Sticky wing trap was more effective than bucket trap. Most caught CLM were attracted at 2~6 a.m. regardless of season, and activity time of CLM was affected by sunrise time as well as sunset time. The trap catch of CLM was more influenced by wind velocity than temperature for activity time of CLM. The number of caught CLM was fallen at below 13℃, but there was little effect for trap catch at over that temperature. The average wind velocity at over 2.0 m/sec made the number of caught CLM drop down. The precipitation did not affect the number of caught CLM when the average wind velocity was lower than at 2.0 m/sec.