Introduction Why should we study marketing management processes in social network platforms? Today’s rapidly growing creative companies must adopt social network platforms. Indeed, the “twenty-first century’s wealth comes from platforms” Thus “those who possess platforms dominate the wealth of the future” (Hirano & Hagiu, 2010). After the Lehman Brothers-initiated financial crisis, companies began developing platform strategies as a cutting-edge management method for assuring consistent and stable growth. Platform strategies call for gathering relevant groups of people together in a network that then creates new business. (Hirano & Hagiu, 2010) In this study, we study a social network platform to show how marketing management processes can be applied to social network platforms. Literature Review Social Network Platforms In recent years, social network platform sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and KakaoTalk have evolved to bring people together online. Social network services (SNS) are rapidly infiltrating daily lives and facilitating communications among people by means of computers (Correa et al., 2010; Powell, 2009). Users reside at the center of social platforms where they can socialize and express a wide range of behaviors. As a force for change, social platforms are influencing marketing strategies as well. Advertising has been traditionally one-way communication from company to customers through public media and portal sites. Recently, the paradigm has changed (Yeo, 2014): companies establish relationship with customers through social platforms that allow them to talk with customers directly, exchange opinions, and share ideas. As a result, large-scale corporations, mid-sized/small companies, and one-owner companies have turned their attention to social platforms (Jhun, 2013). Moreover, the revolutionary wave has affected such diverse areas as politics, economics, society, culture, and environmental causes. Researchers have responded to social platform developments with studies that deal with concept, construction, policy, development, spatial information, social platforms, and governmental roles (Choi et al., 2012), and that deal with social platform’s social influences and future directions (Lee & Jung, 2011). Researchers have studied functions and utilization of social platform using web services and policies to support collaborative research (Pignotti & Edwards, 2012), sharing shopping information (Der Ho et al., 2010), customer engagement (Cheung, Lee, & Jin, 2011), and senior social platforms (Farkas, 2010). Social platforms emerged so recently that academic studies have failed to keep up with the urgent need to study the phenomena realistically (Yeo, 2013). Method In this study, we analyze phase 1 secretary platform by Cybermoon Co., Ltd., which has four main functions: Product name: On-Secretary PlatformCore Services ● Phase 1. Assistant Service ● Phase 2. Vision Maker Service ● Phase 3. Collaboration and Sharing Service ● Phase 4. Social Sales Service ● Phase 5 Assistant Call Center Service Objective On-Secretary Platform aims to yield optimized productivity by offering secretary functions to experts working for one person-companies, small-scale companies, or small traders. - Next generation SNS-based social secretary management service uses Twitter and Facebook. - Online and offline secretary management service grows with users and assists them with every aspect of their lives. - Service dispatches 90,000 online secretaries and 10,000 offline secretaries to assist clients. Target Market - General customers: individuals who want to establish businesses. - Businesspersons: presidents of one-person or small companies, and the self-employed - Experts: consultants, coaching specialists, lawyers, and professors - Public organizations such as job-search organizations, business creation support organizations, infrastructure-expansion organizations, education centers for the unemployed, social education centers, education for retired people, and lifelong learning centers. Customer Value Proposition - Survey and analysis on the services needed by single entrepreneurs. - Survey and analysis of services needed by potential entrepreneurs. - Survey and analysis of services needed by experts. - Survey and analysis of services needed by public organizations. Assets and competition - 20-years of developing IT business services and operational systems - Patents for core techniques and experts with development abilities Functional strategies and programs - Secretary function: selection of AI (artificial intelligence)-type character and growth by consistent learning - Chatting function: task reporting via letters, voices, and holograms - Program: cloud-based social platform service - Service method: online service and offline call-center service. Marketing Mix(Richard & Colin, 1992) Figure 1. Managing Marketing Strategies and the Marketing Mix SWOT Analysis Figure 2. SWOT Analysis Contribution of this research ● Academic contributions This study could contribute to understanding diverse applications and developing theory regarding platforms to help to consolidate theoretical fundamentals regarding marketing management processes for using platforms. Finding various marketing methods and studying their relationship would contribute to future platform-based management strategy. ● Practical contribution This study could help companies, governments, society, and individuals efficiently utilize marketing management processes when using platforms for continuous growth and progress.

This study analyzes the use of the personality metaphor in the official tourism websites developed by South American countries. The Big-Five human personality dimensions are used as a proxy to explore the intended personality projected by the countries. A multistage methodology using a combination of content analysis and correspondence analysis was used. Results reveal the existence of four main clusters based on the use of different personality traits to communicate the peculiarities of each country. However, an overall view of the results indicates that South American countries are not using in a substantial way the personality metaphor to create a strong positioning for the international tourists, and therefore the use of this new marketing tool is in its nascent stages.

In 2004 University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt in Germany decided to deveolp a part time MBA programme in addition to its longtime successful part time Bachelor programme in International Business Administration. At that time many business schools in germany started new MBA programmes and it was a challenge to find an appropriate positioning for the new programme. One of the goals was to sell the programme not only on the national but also on the international market. The programme has been launched in 2006 and relaunched in 2012. In the presentation the process of developing, positioning and selling the new programme national and international will be described. There will be a focus on developing a mission, the curriculum, cultural differences of potential international students and their demands to an MBA programme. Also internal and external challenges of managing such a new programme will be discussed.

During the past 40 years a huge number of studies investigated destination positioning and images from the tourists’ perspective, but by far fewer studies have been conducted from the destination managers’ perspective. In addition, few articles benchmark image positions between multiple destinations and their projections on marketing material. In order to generalize the results to larger geo-scopes, it is important to include a substantial number of destinations for analysis and take the influences of geography into consideration. The current study focuses on exploring positions of intended (planned) destination images. The primary aim is to compare the intended tourism image that is originally developed by destination managers of the sub-provincial districts in China and identify patterns of similarity and uniqueness behind. The research findings are expected to: (1) inform local destination managers in China about the current status of their destination tourism image positions compared with other destinations; and (2) give suggestions to the tourism administrations of both sub-provincial level and higher levels on how to better understand and coordinate the districts under their authorities and how to develop effective image positioning and projection strategies. In China, substitutability among tourism destinations like cities is growing, which is more obvious among those having same regional contexts, source markets and similar tourism products (Han & Tao, 2005). One remedy against this tendency is the development of strong image positions that are distinctive from other competing destinations. However, Chinese destination managers are facing several problems regarding positioning and marketing their destination images. First, the existing image positions of many destinations are unclear (Chen, 2008). Han and Tao (2005) point out that tourism images of many city destinations − in particular the mid-sized and small cities − are still on the organic stage and lack of systematic planning. What is more important is that many destination managers have not recognized the importance of image positioning and the benefits of induced image (Chen, 2008; Han & Tao, 2005). Second, some destinations have unrealistic image positions because they neglected market research opportunities and carried out positioning in a blind way (Chen, 2008). For instance, many destination managers think that destination image is the same as creative initiatives or slogans rather than the rational result from a systematic positioning process (Han & Tao, 2005). In China, DMOs are government departments traditionally. In other words, China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) is the DMO for whole China; Provincial Tourism Administrations (PTAs) manage provincial-level destinations and Municipal or County Tourism Administrations (RTAs) are the DMOs for sub-provincial districts (Feng, Morrison & Ismail, 2003; Li & Wang, 2010). In this study, when talking about China, “DMO” is exchangeable with “tourism administration”; and “destination manager” refers to the “senior officer working in the tourism administration”. District, province and region are three spatial levels frequently and consistently used in this study. In terms of the size, region is the largest whereas district is the smallest. A region contains one or several provinces. A province has several districts under its authority. In this research, the unit of analysis is sub-provincial districts that belong to provinces. The provinces are sorted into different geographical regions that are characterized by different categories of endowed tourism resources. This study adopts the most recent scheme developed by Song (1994). He classifies the tourism destinations in China into 10 TRG Regions and 77 sub-TRG Regions. TRG Regions consist of complete provinces. While the sub-TRG Regions focusing on market appeal may contain districts across provinces. Table 1 summarizes the features of the 10 TRG Regions and their included provinces; the regions names are the abbreviations of their included provinces. This research investigates intended image positions from the destination managers’ perspectives for sub-provincial districts in China. There are 27 provinces1 and 365 sub-provincial districts (SP Districts) in China. The 365 SP Districts are classified into 9 groups according to the scheme of tourism resources geographical regions (TRG Regions) reviewed before. Due to the different administration systems, the 10th region including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau is excluded from this research. 122 out of 365 SP Districts are selected. The sampling method combines multistage sampling, stratified sampling and simple random sampling. For only 83 districts (68%) relevant documents could be retrieved online. 48 documents represent the “Tourism Development Master Plans” and 35 documents the “12th Twelve-Five Year Tourism Development Plans”. Six districts did not mention any type of intended image positions in their development plans. The content about intended destination image position(s) – i.e. the most essential image position(s) for a district as a whole destination to differentiate itself from others – are identified from the tourism plans. The extracted content about image positions often appears in the formats of short sentences or phrases that contain more than one concept. Thus, the original extracted content is processed to identify all included image concepts that are distinct from each other. The content analysis yielded a spread of 164 different image items with only 189 occurrences for a total of 77 districts. So, on average, there are not more than about 2.5 image positions that can be identified in the tourism master plans or development plans of the sub-provincial districts. 20% of these plans use only one image concept; 38% two items, 26% three different items, 12% four and only 5% are using five items. To make this list more comprehensible the items were aggregated in two steps to 48 image factors. In almost each tourism master or development plan which discusses positioning of the district through promoting destination images cognitive or functional terms are used. About one third of these documents uses affective or psychological features. Yet, two thirds of the intended district images are completely lacking any affective element that could help identifying appealing spots on the touristic map among the functionally loaded clutter. Reviewing the coverage of intended image items through the conceptual lenses proposed by Tapachai and Waryszak (2000) it becomes evident that only functional, emotional and epistemic aspects can be found as targeted image elements. Travellers, though, are also using social and conditional criteria when it comes to destination choice (Zins, 2010; Zins & Prompitak, 2010). Despite the relatively scarce usage of intended image positions for each Chinese sub-provincial district it is worthwhile to condense the image profiles of these 77 districts further. The 2-way profile data of 48 image factors for 77 sub-provincial districts were subject to a non-hierarchical cluster procedure to identify similarities among the districts. Considering both, the homogeneity gain of additional clusters and the relative simplicity of interpretation (expressed by the wSSI) a solution with ten different groups of districts was accepted. A sketch of the main characteristics is depicted in Table 2. The largest image profile group pools 24 different districts (31%) from 7 different TRG regions. The other larger groups (number 10, 4, 5 and 2 in descending order of similarity to number 7) do not exhibit one single lead region which means that the TRG regions share a multitude of targeted image positions. The larger TRG regions with quite a number of districts (BTHS, GFH, SJZAJ and YGG; together 49 out of 77 districts) show some gravity into the profiles 7, 4 and 5 (cf. Table 2). However, the frequency is not large enough to claim that a particular region is uniquely represented by one of the identified condensed image profiles. The majority of districts within one TRG region shows targeted image positions that are more common with districts of other TRG regions. Overall, the geographic spread of relatively similar district images is larger across provinces than across regions, which appears plausible. Destination managers may perceive threats from their neighbouring districts that share similar context images and source markets. This drives them to develop differentiated positions in order to prevent direct competition. Officially, higher-level DMOs like provincial tourism administrations have to coordinate the tourism planning of the lower-level districts (Tourism Law 2013; GSTP, 2003).

본 사례는 현대자동차 인도법인(HMI)의 브랜드 포지셔닝 (brand positioning) 전략을 심층적으로 분석하고 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 전 세계 자동차시장의 추세와 함께 인도 자동차 시장의 현황과 전략적 중요성에 대해 검토하였다. 브랜드의 개념과 역할을 바탕으로, 브랜드 포지셔닝을 (1) 구체적 특성(Features: concrete attributes), (2) 추상적 특성(Abstract attributes), (3) 직접적 (기능적) 혜택(Direct: functional benefit), (4) 간접적(경험적/상징적) 혜택(Indirect: experiential/symbolic benefits), (5) 대리적 포지셔닝(Surrogate positioning)으로 구분하여, HMI가 어떠한 브랜드 포지셔닝 전략을 추구하고 있는지 살펴보았다. 분석결과, HMI는 주로 구체적 특성과 추상적 특성을 사용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 전략은 HMI가 주안점을 두고 있는 컴팩트와 미드급 세그먼트의 특징을 감안했을 때 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 소비자 만족도, 시장 점유율, 판매량 추세 등의 기업성과 지표를 감안했을 때도, 이러한 브랜드 포지셔닝 전략은 HMI의 글로벌 경쟁력에 공헌한 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 인도 자동차 시장의 향후 변화를 감안한 HMI의 브랜드 포지셔닝 전략에 대한 재검토 역시 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

This study introduces the web-camera image processing-based natural landmark extraction method for automatic welding using 3-axis stage. The welding is a highly significant process in the industries of shipbuilding, automobile, construction, machinery, and so on. However, it has been avoided due to poor working conditions such as fume, spatter, noise, and so on. For the automatic welding system, the web-camera is used to extract the natural landmarks which can give the relative coordinate to set up the initial position of the stage for the welding process. The Canny edge and Hough transformation have been used to extract the significant points for the natural landmark extraction in this paper.

Lepidoptera is one of the largest insect orders, but the phylogenetic relationships within this order, have yet to be completely described. One of the unresolved relationships includes the monophyly of Papilionoidea in relationship with the monotypic superfamily Hesperioidea. We newly sequenced five hesperid mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), representing four subfamilies: Pyrginae (Daimio tethys and Lobocla bifasciatus), Coeliadinae (Choaspes benjaminii), and Hesperiinae (Potanthus flavus), and Heteropterinae (Carterocephalus silvicola). Along with these newly sequenced hesperid genomes phylogenetic analysis was conducted with all available lepidopteran mitogenomes including three reported species of Hesperiidae that consisted of ~70 species in ten lepidopteran superfamilies. The test for the effect of optimization schemes, such as exclusion and inclusion of third codon position of 13 PCGs, other genes (22 tRNAs and two rRNAs), and with and without partitions also was performed. Majority of datasets consistently placed the monophyletic Hesperiidae the sister to ((Pieridae + Lycaenidae) + Nymphalidae), placing another true butterfly family Papilionidae as the basal lineage of this group, presenting the relationships (Papilionidae + (Hesperiidae + ((Pieridae + Lycaenidae) + Nymphalidae))). Consistent to previous result, Pyraloidea was placed as the sister to ((Bombycoidea + Geometroidea) + Noctuoidea), placing the Macrolepidoptera as non-monophyletic group.

PURPOSES: This study is to develop a road traffic sign recognition and automatic positioning for road facility management. METHODS: In this study, we installed the GPS, IMU, DMI, camera, laser sensor on the van and surveyed the car position, fore-sight image, point cloud of traffic signs. To insert automatic position of traffic sign, the automatic traffic sign recognition S/W developed and it can log the traffic sign type and approximate position, this study suggests a methodology to transform the laser point-cloud to the map coordinate system with the 3D axis rotation algorithm. RESULTS: Result show that on a clear day, traffic sign recognition ratio is 92.98%, and on cloudy day recognition ratio is 80.58%. To insert exact traffic sign position. This study examined the point difference with the road surveying results. The result RMSE is 0.227m and average is 1.51m which is the GPS positioning error. Including these error we can insert the traffic sign position within 1.51m CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this study, we can automatically survey the traffic sign type, position data of the traffic sign position error and analysis the road safety, speed limit consistency, which can be used in traffic sign DB.

The efficiency tests of automatic positioning transmitter (APT) using satellite on life jacket were carried out to minimize casualties of fishermen and to make system optimization for effective SAR (Search and Rescue) operation. As the result of the tests, average position was equaled on the comparison between SPOT using low earth orbit satellite and DGPS (Differential Global Positining System), but standard deviation of DGPS for latitude and longitude were 66.4% and 46.3% smaller than those of SPOT. The position precision of SPOT was almost two times lower than LGT using geostationary satellite to compare 95% circular error probability. However, the success rate of receiver for SPOT was revealed as 86.5~94.1% on the experiments in the South Sea and the West Sea and it was 4.5 times higher than LGT. Therefore, SPOT is expected to contribute greatly to the rapid rescue of victim.

This paper analyzed twenty-six production-related KPI(Key Performance indicator) factors of business diagnosis, such as personnel, equipment, materials, operations and quality affecting company business competition to 186 small machinery manufacturers in 2010. Also, we explained the concept of Business Positioning and divided research subjects into four Business Positioning Groups formed break-even point ratio & fixed cost ratio to sales and then we compared between the 4 groups using Logistic Regression analysis by SAS statistical software package. The objective of this study is two-fold. The first is to find out production-related KPI factor of superior Business Positioning Group. The second is to suggest improvement ways for small manufacturers in order to get better profitable Business Positioning.

2009년을 시작으로 홍콩에서는 334라는 새로운 학제를 시행하였는데, 이는 3년 의 중학교, 3년의 고등학교, 4년의 대학교 제도이다. 홍콩의 교육국은 이러한 새로 운 중등교육과정을 발전시키기 위해 『中國語文課程及評估指引(中四及中六─ 定稿)』제시하고, 지금의 학습과정을 다시 9개의 학습범주로 구분하였는데, 이는 학생들로 하여금 “전면적이면서도 균형잡힌 학습 능력”을 배양하려는데 그 목적 이 있다. 그러나 간화자, 이체자 등의 기본적인 한자 지식이 학습의 중점적인 부분 으로 지정되지 않았기 때문에, 이러한 실용적인 한자의 지식을 가르쳐야 하는 책 임은 상급학교의 실용 중국어 수업에서 이루어지게 되었고, 학술계는 대학에서의 실용적인 중국어 교육과정에 대해 많은 토론이 이루어지게 되었다. 일반 대학과 마찬가지로 홍콩의 부학위(Sub-degree Programme)에서의 중문 교육과정에도 간화자 등의 한자지식이 포함되어 있어, 학생들은 간화자 읽기와 쓰 기의 능력을 교육받고 있으며, 이는 중학교 과정보다 약간 높은 수준이다. 그러나 교육과정의 빠듯한 일정으로 인해, 상관되는 한자지식을 습득하는데 여전히 부족 하며, 학생들은 여전히 표준화된 한자의 사용에 대한 인식이 비교적 약하다. 중국과 홍콩의 접촉이 더 활발해 질수록, “한자”는 두 지역이 소통하는데 중요한 도구 의 역할을 담당할 것이며, 이것이 홍콩의 학생들의 표준 한자 학습을 중시해야 하 는 이유이다. 신학제는 이제 막 시작되었으며, 이는 한자 교육에 있어 매우 좋은 기회이다. 본문은 홍콩의 부학위 제도 속의 실용 중국어 수업을 통해, 부학위 제도 속의 중국어 교육의 현황과 위상을 살펴보고, 그 특색과 기능, 효과 뿐 아니라 중 문 과정과 관련된 과정, 교재, 교수법 등을 분석하고 새로운 제안을 하고자 한다.

自2009年開始，香港推行“334”新學制，即三年初中、三年高中、四年大學制。香港教育局為配合新高中課程發展，發出《中國語文課程及評估指引(定稿)》，把現行課程重新分為九個學習範疇，目的是讓學生獲得“全面而均衡的學習經歷”，可是，簡化字、異體字等基本的漢字知識還沒有列為重點學習的部分。於是，教授這些實用的漢語知識的重任就落在專上院校的實用中文課程上。現時，香港的專上院校分為專上學院、大學兩類，分別提供副學位、學位課程。過往，學術界對大學的實用中文課程多有討論；但專上學院則相對較少，需要加以注意。跟大學一樣，香港的副學位實用中文課程也包括簡化字等漢字知識，學生需兼備“認讀”與“書寫”簡化字的能力，要求比中學略高。惟因課程緊逼，相關的漢字知識部分仍然欠缺系統性的教授，學生對於規範漢字的認識非常薄弱。中、港兩地接觸漸趨緊密，“漢字”是兩地書面語溝通的重要工具，香港實在需要正視規範漢字的教學狀況。新學制剛剛實施，正為推動漢字教學提供一個良好的契機。本文主要從香港副學位實用中文課程一途，正面研究副學位現行的漢字教學的狀況與定位；側面探討課程的角色和功用，擬就有關的課程、教材、教學法等提供一些分析和建議。

The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of manual stretching treatment with those of motor development and positioning physical therapy (MDPPT) for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). This study was designed to be randomized controlled trials and to evaluate the outcomes of 43 consecutive patients with CMT who were first seen when they were average 26 days old. Before treatments, the patients were unintentionallv classified into two clinical groups along with the treatment methods. Among the 43 patients, 22 were classified to the manual stretching group and 21 to the MDPPT group. By means of independent t-test on the result. the duration of treatment according to methods was not significantly different in two groups (p>.05). The duration of treatment in accordance with head tilt level was not significantly different in two groups (p>.05). There was change of mass diameter, between at the beginning day of treatment and after treatment in manual stretching group with a strong positive linear correlation (p=.000, r=.734), but slightly positive linear correlation in MDPPT group. The result of this study indicates that two therapeutic methods make little difference in effectiveness.

Using this model, SN ratio of taguchi method for each of subjective factors as well as values of weights are used in this comprehensive positioning method for product. A example is presented to illustrate the model and to show a rank reversal when compared to a model that eliminates the highest and lowest customers' values allocating the weights and the subjective factors.

Grounded in the positioning theory and the notion of transaction, this study examined two first grade English language learners in the ESL classroom in a North American elementary school. The research aimed at exploring 1) how the two children participated in the ESL classroom and developed positioning, and 2) what the patterns and paths of the students’ positioning told about their learning English. Observation of the two children in the classroom and extensive field notes were the main data for the study. The analysis of the data revealed contrasting paths of positioning the two children took up in the process of making transaction with the teacher and the classroom lesson acts. The study has several suggestions for researchers, educators, and parents.

기선장에 따른 GPS 위치 정도 및 분포를 측정하기 위하여 2002년 5월 29일부터 6월 2일까지 2대의 GPS수신기 (L1, 12채널)를 이용하여 고정점에서 30분에서 24시간동안 관측하는 실험을 수행하였다. 기준국(PKNU)과 이동, 국립지리원의 GPS 상시관측소에서 수신한 GPS 데이터는 동적 및 정적 후처리방식으로 처리하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2002년 5월 31일 차단각 (cut-off angle) 15˚에서 6시간 이상 관측 가능한 위성은 16개였고, 위성은 주로 동서방향으로 배치되어 있었다. 10분마다 평균한위성 수와 GDOP는 각각 8개, 3.89이었다. 2. 후처리 전후의 GPS 평균위치는 모두 기준점에서 남서쪽으로 편위 (단독 측위 : 1.17m, 후처리 : 평균 0.43m)되었다. 확율원 오차는 단독 측위가 6.65m이었고 이를 동적 후처리하면 단독 측위의 약 33.8%(표준편차 0=17.2), 정적 후처리하면 단독 측위의 약 5.3% (0=2.2)로 감소시 킬 수 있었다. 3. 정적 후처리방식으로 구한 기선장 x(Km)와 확률원 오차 y(m) 의 관계식은 y = 0.0016x + 0006 (R2=0.87)이었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 1주파용 GPS 수신기를 이용하여 정적 후처리방식으로 위치를 측정하는 경우, 기선장을 100Km 이내로 하고 GPS 수신시간을 30분 이상으로 하면 확율원 오차 20 Cm 이내의 측위가 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

The accuracy of rotation of spindle unit could be defined as the stability of its spindle axis while rotating. The rotation in the rolling bearings causes the disturbing influence, which leads to the oscillation of a rotation axis. The main source of oscillation is the interaction between rolling bodies and rings’ races. The first oscillation source investigated was the out-of-shape imperfection of inner bearing ring. It was shown that it is possible to considerably decrease the radial runout of spindle if we can orient the inner rings in such a manner that oscillations caused by them would mutually compensate each other. Also the outer ring harmonics were explored as the second oscillation source. It was found that it is possible to reduce the runout by making the oscillation antiphased by mutually adjusting position of bearings on assembly stage.