Mammalian eyes have a limited ability to regenerate once neurons degenerate. This results in visual impairment that impacts the quality of life among adult populations as well as in young children leading to lifelong consequences. Various therapies are in development to restore vision, and these include gene therapy, stem cell therapy, in-vivo transdifferentiation, and transplantation of a patient’s whole eye obtained from interspecies blastocyst complementation. This review discusses advances in the research as well as hurdles that need to be resolved to have a successful restoration of vision.

Cyanobacterial resting cells, such as akinetes, are important seed cells for cyanobacteria’s early development and bloom. Due to their importance, various methods have been attempted to isolate resting cells present in the sediment. Ludox is a solution mainly used for cell separation in marine sediments, but finding an accurate method for use in freshwater is difficult. This study compared the two most commonly used Ludox methods (direct sediment treatment and sediment distilled water suspension treatment). Furthermore, we proposed a highly efficient method for isolating cyanobacterial resting cells and eDNA amplification from freshwater sediments. Most of the resting cells found in the sediment were akinete to the Nostocale and were similar to those of Dolichospermum, Cylindrospermum, and Aphanizomenon. Twenty times more akinetes were found in the conical tube column using the sediment that had no treatment than in the sample treated by suspending the sediment in distilled water. Akinete separated through Ludox were mainly spread over the upper and lower layers in the column rather than concentrated at a specific depth in the column layer. The mibC, Geo, and 16S rDNA genes were successfully amplified using the sediment directly in the sample. However, the amplification products of all genes were not found in the sample in which the sediment was suspended in distilled water. Therefore, 5 g to 10 g of sediment is used without pretreatment when isolating cyanobacterial resting cells from freshwater sediment. Cell isolation and gene amplification efficiency are high when four times the volume of Ludox is added. The Ludox treatment method presented in this study isolates cyanobacterial resting cells in freshwater sediment, and the same efficiency may not appear in other biotas. Therefore, to apply Ludox to the separation of other biotas, it is necessary to conduct a pre-experiment to determine the sediment pretreatment method and the water layer where the target organism exists.

목적 : 본 연구는 대한작업치료학회지에 게재된 논문을 중심으로 한국 작업치료의 연구 동향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 대한작업치료학회지에 2016년부터 2020년까지 게재된 213편의 논문을 대상으로 연구 유형, 근거수준, 연구 분야, 1 저자 정보, 연구 대상자, 연구 변인의 유형을 분석하였다. 결과 : 분석 결과로 연구 유형은 기술적 연구가 33.80%로 가장 많았고, 근거수준 중 수준 4가 47.89%로 가장 높았으며, 2016년에 비해 수준 1과 수준 4의 연구 수가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 연구 분야는 작업 치료일반이 28.64%로 높게 나타났으며, 게재된 논문의 1 저자 직위는 대학원생이 33.64%로 가장 높았 다. 실제 연구 대상자가 포함된 연구 중 성인을 대상으로 한 연구가 54.95%로 가장 많았으며, 연구 대상 자 진단명은 뇌졸중이 가장 높았다. 연구 변인은 기술적 연구에서 작업/활동 기반 작업치료가 15.28%였 고, 실험연구의 독립변인은 작업/활동 기반 작업치료가 28.30%, 종속변인은 운동기능이 26.36%로 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 한국 작업치료의 연구의 근거수준의 향상과 연구분야의 다양성을 확인할 수 있었 다. 이에 본 연구 결과가 향후 연구 방향의 설정에 신뢰할 만한 자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

This study aims to promote the necessity for future research from the perspective of the indoor environment by analyzing the trend of domestic COVID-19 confirmed cases and examining previous quantitative research cases. The limitations of the qualitative management plan were identified by analyzing the trend of confirmed cases and deaths in Korea and the trend before and after the implementation of 'social distancing' and 'step-by-step daily recovery', which are actually being applied. The trend of initial and follow-up measures for the outbreak of infectious diseases in Korea is judged to be a case where the importance of qualitative and quantitative management should be confirmed to prepare absolute quarantine measures. The results suggest that examining previous research cases and preparing through advanced research for effective application.

This study aims to analyze research trends regarding outdoor wear. For this purpose, the data-collection period was limited to January 2002–October 2022, and the collection consisted of titles of papers, academic names, abstracts, and publication years from the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). Frequency analysis was conducted on 227 papers in total to check academic journals and annual trends, and LDA topic-modeling analysis was conducted using 20,964 tokens. Data pre-processing was performed prior to topic-modeling analysis; after that, topic-modeling analysis, core topic derivation, and visualization were performed using a Python algorithm. A total of eight topics were obtained from the comprehensive analysis: experiential marketing and lifestyle, property and evaluation of outdoor wear, design and patterns of outdoor wear, outdoor-wear purchase behavior, color, designs and materials of outdoor wear, promotional strategies for outdoor wear, purchase intention and satisfaction depending on the brand image of outdoor wear, differences in outdoor wear preferences by consumer group. The results of topic-modeling analysis revealed that the topic, which includes a study on the design and material of outdoor wear and the pattern of jackets related to the overall shape, was the highest at 30.9% of the total topics. The next highest topic was also the design and color of outdoor wear, indicating that design-related research was the main research topic in outdoor wear research. It is hoped that analyzing outdoor wear research will help comprehend the research conducted thus far and reveal future directions.

본 연구는 우울에 효과가 입증된 국내 자생 식물 9종(배초향, 적송, 강황, 생강, 산미나리씨, 불 수감, 황칠, 탱자, 쥐오줌풀) 을 선정하여 각각의 향기 성분 분석결과를 기반으로 9종 정유를 조합하여 항 산화(DPPH, ABTS), 세포독성(MTS), 항염(Nitric oxide)실험을 수행하였다. 향기성분 분석결과 조합오일 에서 기연구된 우울완화 효과 성분인 DL-Limonene(38.44%), g-Terpinene(8.9%), Estragole(5.18%), a-Pinene(1.73%) 등이 동정되었다. 항산화 활성인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 75.4%, ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 74.04%을 보였으며, 세포독성이 확인되지 않은 5uL/ml의 농도에서 NO 생성 저해능은 33.14%로 나타났 다. 이를 통하여 국내 블렌딩 정유의 우울증의 개선 또는 예방에 대한 효과를 검증하고 더불어 과학적 효능 과 성분 연구가 상호 협력적으로 이루어져 우울증적 증상 개선 유무를 확인 할 수 있는 기초자료로 제공하 고자 한다.

Recently, local studies looking at the 'local(region) as a whole' are gradually increasing. The study of local architectural history is important in that it provides specific information that encompasses the local and the entire and clues to three-dimensionalize the time and space in the local. To infer the 'presentness' of each era, reliable data in various fields are needed. Recently, as many databases (DB) and archives, from the 'National Archives of Korea' to other local archives, have been established and publicized, research resources in the local are growing rapidly in quantity and quality. Nevertheless, it is difficult to comprehensively check the data necessary to study the local architectural history(local architectural history research resources). Against this background, this study confirmed the trend of changes in the archive construction environment and the status and problems of local architectural history research resources in places that currently disclose local history research resources among generalized web-archives. Next, the relationship between the actual research on local architectural history was confirmed through the analysis of existing studies and the data used for Jeju. As a result, local studies, local archives, and local architectural history research agree with recent changes in local research trends, and the degree of archival construction has reached the same level as the available research resources except core data in local architectural history research. However, there is a problem that the density of information that can be used is low because the local architectural history research resources that can be obtained are fragmented because there are no archives and construction entities specialized in local architecture. As each archive has entered the stabilization and upgrading stage, the construction of new archives needs to be reconsidered, but it is time to find a detailed way to link related information quickly and accurately, such as private records, to reduce the gap in information needed in terms of research on local architecture and architecture history.

본 연구는 과학전람회에 출품된 지구과학 부문 탐구주제를 분석하여 학교에서 이루어지는 지구과학 탐구활동을 살펴봄으로써 지구과학 출품작 중 주제 특성을 파악하는 데 기여하는 데 목적을 지닌다. 이를 위해 과학전람회 누리집 에 게시된 지구과학 부문 출품작 중 2000년부터 2020년까지 21년 동안 다루어진 자료 총 566점을 대상으로 하였으며, 분석틀을 기준으로 언어네트워크를 분석하였다. 그 결과 지구과학 출품 작품으로 지질과학이 가장 활발하게 탐구가 이 루어졌다. 특히, 층서/퇴적/화석/지사학 영역과 관련된 중생대 백악기 시대의 화석이 주를 이루었다. 이들과 함께 천문 및 우주과학, 대기과학 영역에 해당하는 핵심어가 작은 규모의 네트워크를 이루고 있었다. 천문 및 우주과학은 주로 태 양과 달, 지구를 주제로 갖는 태양 흑점, 달 위상 등 탐구활동에서 소행성, 금성과 목성과 같은 태양계 구성 천체의 역 학적 특징에 대해 다루고 있었다. 대기과학은 대기물리를 중심으로 대기 관측/분석기술, 대기역학, 대기질감시 등에 대해 다루어졌으며, 해양과학은 물리해양학과 지질해양학 등에 관해 탐구가 제한적으로 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 본 연 구를 바탕으로 학교 현장에서 지구과학 탐구주제를 선정하고 탐구활동을 수행하는 데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

Korean architecture classifies Banja (the decorated flat of the ceiling visible from the inside) of Royal Palaces into two types: Woomul(water-well, 井) banja, which inserts rectangular wooden board into lattice frame, and paper banja, which applies paper to the flat ceiling. Such classification was established in the 19th century. Before that, Banja was classified according to what was inserted into the lattice frame, either wooden or paper board. At first, the banja that used paper board was widely installed regardless of the purpose or nobility of the building. However, since the 17th century, the use of paper board banja became mostly restricted to Ondol (Korean floor heating system) rooms which are characterized by private usage and the importance of heating, and it was considered inferior to wooden board banja in terms of rank or grace. The contemporary paper banja was mainly installed in low-rank ondol rooms until the late 19th century to early 20th century, when roll-type wallpaper was introduced from the West and the paper banja came to decorate the King’s and Queen’s bedrooms. The traditional paper board banja benefits heat reservation, reduces the weight of the ceiling, and allows the adjustment of the lattice frame size. Furthermore, it can feature unique artistry if covered with blue, white, or red Neung-hwa-ji (traditional flower pattered paper).

Research ethics is a desirable way of conducting responsible research, which means maintaining the integrity and complying with ethical norms in a particular field of research. Research integrity means keeping the values and standards required by researchers in the research process. Despite educational institutions' efforts to improve research ethics, the judgment of research cheating is on the rise. In addition, there were unclear regulations related to self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, and the scope of research ethics. If you are a researcher of human research, planning and conducting ethical research is the first step for research integrity. Researchers need to understand protecting research subjects conducting research, and educational institutions should review and improve the current curriculum to provide research ethics education more effectively. Before strengthening legal sanctions on research cheating centered on results, the government should seek solutions through fundamental cause analysis to prevent researchers from committing research cheating. Given the current status of research ethics educational institutions and the progress of policies so far, we hope that if everyone tries at the individual, educational institution, and government levels, we will move in a more positive direction.

The decommissioning of nuclear facilities produces various types of radiologically contaminated waste. In addition, dismantlement activities, including cutting, packing, and clean-up at the facility site, result in secondary radioactive waste such as filters, resin, plastic, and clothing. Determining of the radionuclide content of this waste is an important step for the determination of a suitable management strategy including classification and disposal. In this work, we radiochemically characterized the radionuclide activities of filters used during the decommissioning of Korea Research Reactors (KRRs) 1 and 2. The results indicate that the filter samples contained mainly 3H (500–3,600 Bq·g−1), 14C (7.5–29 Bq·g−1), 55Fe (1.1– 7.1 Bq·g−1), 59Ni (0.60–1.0 Bq·g−1), 60Co (0.74–70 Bq·g−1), 63Ni (0.60–94 Bq·g−1), 90Sr (0.25–5.0 Bq·g−1), 137Cs (0.64–8.7 Bq·g−1), and 152Eu (0.19–2.9) Bq·g−1. In addition, the gross alpha radioactivity of the samples was measured to be between 0.32–1.1 Bq·g−1. The radionuclide concentrations were below the concentration limit stated in the low- and intermediatelevel waste acceptance criteria of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, and used for the disposal of the KRRs waste drums to a repository site.

Colloid Formation and Migration (CFM) project is being carried out within the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) Phase Ⅵ. Since 2008, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has joined CFM to investigate the behavior of colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport in a generic Underground Research Laboratory (URL). The CFM project includes a long-term in-situ test (LIT) and an in-rock bentonite erosion test (i-BET) to assess the in-situ colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport through the bentonite erosion in the natural flow field. In the LIT experiment, radionuclide-containing compacted bentonite was equipped with a triple-packer system and then positioned at the borehole in the shear zone. It was observed that colloid transport was limited owing to the low swelling pressure and low hydraulic conductivity. Therefore, a postmortem analysis is being conducted to estimate the partial migration and diffusion of radionuclides. The i-BET experiment, that focuses more on bentonite erosion, was newly designed to assess colloid formation in another flow field. The i-BET experiment started with the placement of compacted bentonite rings in the double-packer system, and the hydraulic parameters and bentonite erosion have been monitored since December 2018.