To analyse and review the fishing performance and species composition according to the size of the entrance and mesh of the pot in the southern coastal waters (Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do and Yeosu, Jeollanam-do), the experiment in this study caught one class, eight orders, 17 families, 23 species, 662 fishes, and 99,833 g. The largest number of fish species was Conger myriaster (301 fishes caught) accounting for 45.5%, followed by Octopus vulgaris (152) accounting for 23.0%, Charybdis japonica (45) accounting for 6.8%, Sebastiscus marmoratus (43) accounting for 6.5%, and Parapercis sexfasciata (42) accounting for 6.3%. Conger myriaster, Octopus vulgaris, Charybdis japonica, Sebastiscus marmoratus, and Parapercis sexfasciata accounted for 88.1% of the total catch. For other fish species, 68 fishes of 18 species were caught, accounting for 12.5% of the total. As a result of the total catch survey, the catch rate of Conger myriaster was the highest at 50.9% in B. 22 mm/280 mm. In addition, the average total length per fish increased as the entrance size increased. The weight ratios of Conger myriaster, Octopus vulgaris, and other fish species based on the total weight caught in each pots of the six species of test fishing gear are as follows. A pots 66.6%, 26.5%, 6.9%, B pots 57.2%, 24.5 %, 18.3%, C pots 43.2%, 31.5%, 25.3%, D pots 7.4%, 56.7%, 35.9%, E pots 43.6%, 0%, 56.4%, and F pots 5.0%, 79.6%, 15.4%.

A variation of fish assemblage in the coastal waters of Sagye-ri, southern Jeju Island was determined using samples collected by trammel net from 2012 to 2022. The total fish species caught by trammel net were identified 88 species, 46 families, 12 orders, and the number of appearance and biomass were 3,479 individuals and 883.6 kg. The annual variation of species was the highest in 2013 at 46 species and the lowest in 2021 at 30 species. The seasonal variation of species was higher in summer at 67 species and lower in winter, autumn at 47 species. The annual diversity index, evenness index, and richness index were appeared 2.42-3.00, 0.69-0.78 and 5.18-7.24 at each years. The dominance index appeared highest in 2013 and the lowest in 2018. Cluster analysis based on the number of individuals of fish was classified into two groups at the dissimilarity level of 57%, and results of SIMPROF analysis revealed significant differences in community structure among the two groups. The subtropical fishes were identified a total of 42 species (47.7%) and the number of species was higher in 2013 at 25 (54.3%) species and lower in 2018 and 2021 at each 17 (54.8~56.7%) species. The dominant species of subtropical fishes were appeared rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), scarbreast tuskfish (Choerodon azurio), bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis), balloon fish (Diodon holocanthus), and flag fish (Goniistius zonatus) at study sites.

A seasonal characteristic of fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Gapa-do was determined using samples collected by a trammel net from 2015 to 2019. Annual mean temperature and salinity were 18.9℃, 33.6 psu (2015), 19.5℃, 33.6 psu (2016), 18.9℃, 33.8 psu (2017), 18.8℃, 34.5 psu (2018) and 19.5℃, 33.7 psu (2019), which show a stable water mass. During the survey period, a total of 50 species (30 families and 8 orders) of fishes were identified, including Scorpaeniformes (3 families and 9 species) and Perciformes (18 families and 29 species) that accounted for 68% of the total number. The number of species was higher in summer than in winter, showing the peak in the summer by 35 species and the low in the winter by 20 species. The number of individuals and the biomass peaked in the summer by 690 individuals and 151.4 kg, and were the lowest in the autumn by 336 individuals and 76.6 kg. The annual diversity index, evenness index and richness index were appeared to be 2.54-2.75, 0.68-0.76 and 5.32-6.65 at each stations. The dominance index was appeared to be the highest in 2018 and the lowest in 2015. Marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus), rock fish (Sebastes inermis), filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer), rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), porcupine fish (Diodon holocanthus) and smallscale blackfish (Girella melanichthys) were dominant species, which occurred abundantly during the entire survey period. Subtropical fishes were identified as a total of 24 species (48.0%) and the number of species was higher in 2019 by 20 (60.6%) species and lower in 2015 by 13 (44.8%) species. The dominant species of the subtropical fishes were appeared to be rabbit fish, porcupine fish, smallscale blackfish, flag fish (Goniistius zonatus), stripey (Microcanthus strigatus), grunter (Parapristipoma trilineatum), and bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis) at the study sites.

2012년 8월 1일부터 7일까지 한국 남해 연안의 목포에서 부산에 이르는 37개의 정점에서 채집된 Acartia 속 요각류의 공간 분포 양상에 대하여 분석하였다. A. erythraea는 용존산소가 2 mg L-1 이하인 반 폐쇄적인 (가막만, 마산만) 만에서 높은 출현 개체수를 보였다. A. sinjiensis는 엽록소-a 농도가 2 μg L-1 이상인 반 폐쇄적인 만에서 높은 출현 개체 수를 보였다. A. ohtsukai는 수온 26°C 이상, 염분 30 이하일 때 높은 출현 개체수를 보였다. A. hongi, A. hudsonica는 수온이 27°C 이하, 용존산소 5 mg L-1 이상인 해역에서 출현 하였다. 이러한 결과 환경요인이 여름철 남해 연안에 출현 하는 Acartia 속 요각류의 공간적 분포에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

한국 남해 연안에 출현하는 춘·하계 어류 자치어 군집의 조성과 분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 2016년 5월부터 9월까지 남해 의 세 해역(여수, 남해, 통영)에서 RN80 네트를 이용해 매월 1회 채집하였다. 조사기간 동안 총 50개 분류군의 자치어가 채집되었고, 이 중 멸치가 전체 출현 개체수의 56.8 %로 가장 우점하였으며, 청보리멸, 청베도라치, 망둑어과 타입A, 청베도라치과, 앞동갈베도라치 등이 각각 2% 이상의 개체수비를 보여 우점하였으며, 이상 6개 분류군이 전체 출현 자치어의 87.5%를 차지하였다. ANOSIM 결과 해역 간에 자치어 조성의 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 시기적으로는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 정준대응분석 결과 이러한 자치어 군집의 시기적 변동은 주로 수온 변화에 의한 것으로 나타났다.

멸치는 한국 남해에서 가장 많이 어획되는 어류이며, 상업적으로도 중요한 수산 자원 중 하나로써, 이 연구는 한국 남해에 서식하는 멸치의 지역별, 계절별 먹이생물의 차이를 통해 멸치의 주 먹이생물과 섭이 생태를 알고, 이를 통해 멸치의 생태학적 위치의 중요성에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 2011년 7월부터 2012년 2월까지 한국 남해의 통영, 진도 그리고 여수에서 채집된 멸치의 먹이 생물 분석과 멸치가 채집된 해역에서의 동물플랑크톤군집 구조를 분석하였다. 조사된 멸치의 먹이생물은 조사 해역과 시기에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 여수와 진도에서 7월에 출현한 멸치의 먹이생물은 따개비 유생의 cyprid기(>35%)와 요각류인 Calanus sinicus (>22%)가 우점하여 나타난 반면, 통영에서는 소형 요각류인 Paracalanus parvus s.l. (41%)와 Corycaeus affinis (22%)가 우점하여 나타났다. 같은 조사기간 동안 각 해역에서 출현한 동물플랑크톤은 여수에서 지각류인 Evadne tergestina (39%), 진도에서 Paracalanus parvus s.l. (28%)와 통영에서 Evadne tergestina (14%)가 우점하여 나타났다. 계절에 따라 살펴보면, 하계에 우점한 먹이생물은 따개비 유생과 요각류였고, 추계에는 식물플랑크톤과 요각류 Pseudodiaptomus marinus, 동계에는 Paracalanus parvus s.l.와 냉수성 요각류인 Centropages abdominalis가 가장 우점하는 먹이생물로 출현하였다. 계절에 따라 채집된 멸치의 먹이생물 선택성은 하계에 조사해역에서 우점한 지각류인 Evadne tergestina (39%)보다 작게 출현한 Calanus sinicus (3%)의 선택성이 높았고, 추계와 동계에 조사해역에서 우점종이었던 Paracalanus parvus s.l. (30%, 21%)보다 각각 Pseudodiaptomus marinus (0.5%) and Centropages abdominalis (0.9%)를 높게 선택하였다. 한국 남해의 멸치는 서식하고 있는 지역에 따른 동물플랑크톤의 군집 구조의 차이에 따라 먹이생물의 선택성이 달라졌다. 또한, 계절에 따른 플랑크톤의 군집 구조에 따라 먹이생물의 종류와 섭이 형태가 달라졌다. 한국 남해의 멸치는 식물플랑크톤과 동물플랑크톤을 모두 섭이하면서 높은 적응력과 먹이생물에 유연성을 보였다. 이러한 멸치의 먹이 생물 섭이 방식은 공간적 또는 계절적으로 많은 변동이 일어나는 한국 남해 연안 해역에서 생존하는데 필수적인 것으로 보여진다.

Optical properties were studied in the costal waters of the southern part of Korea based on twenty oceanographic stations from 1 st to 9 th February, 1977. Submarine daylight intensity was measured by using an underwater luxmeter (Toshiba No.9). Daylight intensity in the upper 30m depth layer was measured at 1 m depth interval. The absorption coefficient of the sea water in the area ranged from 0.101 to 2.539 (mean 0.578). The Secchi-disc depth in the area ranged from 0.8 to 13 meters (mean 5.33 meters). The relationship between absorption coefficient (K) and transparency (D) was k= 1. 704/ D. The mean water color in the area was 5. 75 (3-9) in Forel scales. The rates of light penetration for daylight at 1m layer in the area ranged from 13.18 to 82. 05% and the mean was 59.56%, while the rate at 5m layer ranged from 0.007 to 46.1% and the mean was 18.47%.

The population variation of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) according to its major prey abundance was analyzed using monthly catches of coastal set net fisheries in the southern waters off Gyeongsangnam-do and eastern waters off Gyeongsangbuk-do of Korea from 2006 to 2019. The abundance of Spanish mackerel and its prey species fluctuated almost simultaneously with time lags of +2 to -2 months between the set net fisheries in the southern and eastern waters. The generalized additive model revealed that the abundance of Spanish mackerel was influenced by its prey species such as hairtail and anchovy in southern waters, and common mackerel and horse mackerel in eastern waters. The model deviance explained 49% and 42% of Spanish mackerel abundance in southern and eastern waters respectively. These results suggest that the abundance of Spanish mackerel is affected by seasonal migratory prey fish species in the coastal areas and can be linked to their northerly migration.

The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive cycle of the chameleon goby, T. trigonocephalus. Gonadal development was investigated using a histological method. Specimens were collected monthly, from April 2009 to March 2010. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females began to increase in April, reaching the maximum in May, and declined sharply in August. In males, the GSI began to increase in April and reaching the maximum in July. The annual reproductive cycle of T. trigonocephalus can be divided into four successive stages in females: the growing (November- March), maturing (April-May), ripe and spawning (June-July), and recovery (August-October) stages. Males passed through growing (November-March), maturing (April-June), ripe and spermiation (July-August), and recovery (September-October) stages. These results indicate the spawning season is from June to July. The relationship between fecundity (Fc) and body length (BL) was Fc=86.1511BL2.6506. Fecundity was ranged from 3,448-9,654 eggs in a BL of 4.8-7.2 cm and it was increased as BL increased.

이 연구는 남해안 중부해역의 여름철 전 후 단계를 나누어서 6월부터 10월까지의 2004-2006년 장기간 해양환경 모니터링 및 식물플랑크톤 군집구조를 파악함과 아울러, Cochlodinium 적조발생에 관한 해석에 이용되고자 하는 것이다. 조사해역은 득량만, 고흥연안, 여자만, 가막만, 광양만, 여수연안, 남해연안으로 총 16개 정점이다. 수온은 19−29℃ 범위로 여름철 여자만에서 두 정점 모두 가장 높은 29℃C, 27℃ 를 나타내었다. 그러나 8월을 제외한 6월, 7월, 9월, 10월에는 조사정점에 관계없이 큰 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 염분도는 7월과 8월에 여자만과 광양만에서 다른 조사해역에 비하여 약 5-6 정도 낮은 25-27를 나타내었다. 클로로필의 경우도 7월과 8월에 각 조사해역별 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 특히 광양만은 최고 5배 정도 많은 15μgl−1 까지 보였다. 투명도는 수온, 염분도, 클로로필과 다르게 조사기간 동안 해역에 관계없이 거의 비슷한 수준인 2-5m 정도로 보여주고 있다. 용존무기질소도 조사해역 중 광양만의 경우 7월과 8월에 가장 높은 0.53mgl−1 까지 보여 10배 정도까지 차이를 보였으나, 용존무기인 상대적으로 큰 차이를 나타내지 못하고 있다. 용존무기질소와 클로로필의 관계를 보면 7월에는 임의 상관성을 보여 클로로필의 증가에 따른 용존무기질소가 급속히 소모됨을 알 수 있지만, 8월에는 거의 오히려 양의 상관성을 보여주고 있다. 식물플랑크톤의 평균 세포수는 7월과 8월에 500 cells ml−1 까지 나타내었고, 대부분 규조류의 비율이 60% 이상 출현되었으나, 8월에 와편모조류의 점유율이 20-30%까지 보였다. 우점종으로는 Skeletonema costatum이 2004년부터 2006년까지 전 해역에 걸쳐 가장 많이 출현되었다. 각 해역별에 출현하는 식물 플라크톤의 집괴분석에 따르면 상호 혼잡되어 분포 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 보면 여름철에 가장 큰 해양환경 변화를 보였고, 식물플랑크톤 중 S. costatum은 남해연안의 대표적인 기초생산 종으로 간주된다. 특히 여름철 Cochlodinium 적조는 득량, 가막, 고흥, 여수, 남해해역에서 3년 동안 계속해서 발생된 반면, 여자만과 광양만은 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 뚜렷한 차이점은 용존무기질소 Cochlodinium 적조 형성을 위한 요구량은 수중에 풍부하게 존재하고 있기보다는, 미량이라도 충분히 적조를 유발시키고, 외해역에서도 발생될 수 있다는 뒷받침을 하고 있다.

The clarification of spatial-temporal patterns of phytoplankton from southern coastal waters during the period of March to November in 2004 was carried out. Total cell numbers were shown in 5,286 cells ml−1 on March and reached to encounter a peak of 27,775 cells ml−1 on July. Mean cell number was also shown in maximum of 1,587 cells ml−1 on July, which recorded approximately two times higher than on June. The cell number of phytoplankton from southmiddle waters attained an abundance of ≥35 regardless of months, which was the highest the abundance of phytoplankton in 2004 than any other waters in this study. Southwestern waters were lower the cell number of 2-5 times than those of southmiddle and southeastern waters. In particular, Prorocentrum occurred in southeastern waters on June and the highest cell number of 8,200 cells ml−1 around Tongyeong region on July, which was recorded to occupy the value of 60.9% in southeast waters. The abundance of Skeletonema costatum as a dominant taxa in southwest was shown in ≥60 on March, July, September, and October, whereas was also recorded to achieve the abundance of above 80% in southmiddle waters on March, July, and September. The majority of the taxa in southeastern waters was diatom: Eucampia zoodiacus, and Chaetoceros spp.. They occupied above 45%. On November, most of southern waters were abundant to Chaetoceros spp. On the basis of cluster analysis using SPSS ver 10.0, phytoplankton occurring on March showed somewhat no correlation with all of southern waters. In contrast to on March, the relationship between southwestern and southmiddle waters was shown on August and November, indicating a distinction from southeastern waters. However, the distance between southwestern/middle and southeastern waters appeared to be less than 5. Consequently, the abundance of phytoplankton in southern waters showed much fluctuations in temporal and spatial assays. In particular, southwestern and southmiddle waters during the periods of summer and winter appeared to be a similar to environmental characteristics.

This study was carried out to evaluate off-shore water quality and to draw marine pollution map to Southern sea in Korea by bioassay using gametes and early development system of Asterias amurensis. From the bioassay, it was determined that the water qualites of Southern sea maintained the grade Ⅱ, because development of A. amurensis were moderately inhibited. However, Sunchon, Kwangyang, and Jinhae Bay belonged to grade Ⅲ, because development of A. amurensis were strongly inhibited. This could be due to the inflows of several river systems and poor water circulation. The water quality at Yosu island was the grade I, because A. amurensis were not inhibited in its early development.

A study was carried out on the distribution of chlorophyll a and water quality in the dry season in Yosuhae bay and adjoining sea, Southern Korea, in July of 1994. Concentration of salinity and phosphate were lower in the outer bay than in the inner bay. While nitrate and silicate were higher in the former than in the latter. We were identified with coastal water of origin from China with the lower salinity in outer bay. The China coastal water was characteristic of high nutrients and phytoplankton biomass, such as chlorophyll a. The principal component analysis (PCA) on the analytical data proved that high density of phytoplankton biomass occurred under the condition of low salinity and high concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients. It is thought that the thermoharine structure and biological produtions of Yosuhae bay were controlled by the China coastal water in the outer bay.