A single postlarva (9.72 mm in standard length) specimen of Crossorhombus azureus (Alcock, 1889) belonging to the family Bothidae, was collected using a bongo net from the southern sea of Korea on December 10, 2019. This species is characterized by having spines on post basipterygial processes. It has two eyes located at the opposite side in head, which accordingly belongs to pre-metamorphosis stage. Melanophores are distributed on the dorsal and anal fin base on the right side (blind side), which is regarded as a useful identification key distinguishing C. azureus from congeneric species in their postlarval stage. A molecular analysis based on mitochondrial DNA COI sequences showed that our specimen was closely matched to adult C. azureus (K2P distance = 0.017). As there is no Korean name for the genus Crossorhombus in spite of presence of Crossorhombus kobensis and its Korean name “Go-be-dung-geul-neob-chi” in Korea, we proposed a new Korean name “Dung-geul-neob-chi-sog” for the genus Crossorhombus and “Pa-lang-dung-geul-neob-chi” for the species C. azureus.

와편모조류 Alexandrium affine의 생장에 대한 수온, 염분 및 광 조건 실내실험을 통해서 살펴보았다. A. affine의 최대성장속도(0.69 day-1)는 수온 25℃, 염분 25psu로 나타났으며, 최적생장(최대성장속도의 80%)은 수온 20~25℃의 염분은 20~35psu로 나타났다. 따라서 A. affine는 비교적 협온성이며, 광염성의 생리학적 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 광량에 따른 생장 실험결과에서 유도된 생장식은 μ=0.75(I-4.25)/(I+65.47)로, 보상광량(Ic)은 4.25μmol m-2 s-1, 반포화광량(KI)은 57.0μmol m-2 s-1로 나타났다. 결론적으로 A. affine는 하계에 낮은 광, 염분의 변동 폭이 큰 연안해역에서도 우점화 할 수 있는 유리한 생리적 특성을 보이는 것으로 판단된다.

매오징어 Watasenia scintillans 유생분포양상을 알아보기 위해 2015년 8, 9, 11월 R/V 탐구 21호로 동해 남서부연안 28개 정점 에 대해 CTD관측 및 IKMT(망목: 500 μm)를 사용하여 저층(최대 수심 100 m)에서 표층까지 경사채집을 실시한 결과, 채집된 매오징어 유생의 개체수는 총 238개체로 외투장(ML) 범위는 0.6 ~ 18.5 였다. 조사기간 중 8월이 9월과 11월보다 유생의 출현정점 수, 출현개체 수, 유생분포밀도에서 현저히 높았다. 특히 8월에 냉수괴가 분포하는 포항 ~평해까지의 동해연안에서 가장 높은 밀도를 보였다. 유생이 채집된 정점의 연직수온분포에서 매오징어의 부화수온(6 ~ 16 )은 주로 40 ~ 180 m의 수심에 위치하였다.

2017년 추계에 남해 전선역을 파악하고, 알칼리 인산분해 효소(Alkaline Phosphatase; APase) 활성을 이용하여 제한 영양염과 제한 영양염의 시간적인 변화를 평가하였다. 전선역이 형성된 인근해역의 경우, 용존무기인(dissolved inorganic phosphorus; DIP)의 농도와 용존무 기질소(dissolved inorganic nitrogen; DIN): DIP 비가 각각 0.2 μM 이하와 최대 23.2로, DIP가 제한된 환경임에도 불구하고 Chlorophyll a(Chl.-a)가 0.2 μg/L로 높은 생물생산력을 보였다. APase와 DIP는 중요한 역의 상관관계(r = -0.81; P<0.001)를 보여, DIP가 제한되어진 해역임을 알 수 있 었으며, APase와 Chl-a 관계는 APase의 60%가 식물플랑크톤, 40%가 박테리아 기원인 것으로 평가되었다. 용존태 APase와 입자태 APase의 분포로부터 전선역은 장기간 DIP가 제한된 해역이며, 그 외의 해역은 최근에 DIP 제한이 해소된 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 전선역에서 APase와 같이 가수분해효소의 측정은 제한 영양염의 시공간적인 변화 특성을 평가할 수 있으며, 전선역에서 생지화학 순환의 이해를 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구는 해수유동모델을 이용하여 하계 한국 남해안 양식장 부근에서 수온의 시·공간적인 분포를 파악하였다. 한국 남해 조류의 흐름은 창조시 서향, 낙조시 동향하며, 쓰시마 난류의 흐름은 50 m보다 깊어지는 외양에서 연안에 비해 강하게 동북향 하였다. 조류, 바람, 쓰시마 난류 및 실시간 수온을 고려한 해수유동에서 하계 수온의 분포는 반폐쇄성 해역에서 26~28℃로 높게 나타났으며, 외양으로 갈수록 낮아져 18~22℃로 나타났다. 반폐쇄성 내만의 형태를 가지는 해역의 해수교환량을 계산한 결과 광양만 10,331 m³/sec, 여수-가막만 16,935 m³/sec, 그리고 거제-한산만은 13,454 m³/sec로 나타났다. 해수교환량이 적은 해역일수록 수온이 비교적 높게 나타난다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the climate change exposure of fisheries and fish species in the southern sea of Korea under the RCP climate change scenarios. The extent of exposure was calculated through weighted sum of the sea temperature forecasted by National Institute of Fisheries Science, and the weight were obtained from the time-space distribution of each fisheries or species, based on the micro-data for the fishing information reported by each fisherman. Results show that all the exposed sea temperature of RCP8.5 is higher than that of RCP4.5 in year 2100 as well as in near 2030, therefore it is thought to be very important to reduce the GHG emission even in the short term. The extent of exposure was analyzed to be comparatively high especially in the fisheries such as anchovy drag nets and species like cod, anchovy and squid. Meanwhile the method of this study is considered to be excellent to obtain the accurate extent of exposure under RCP scenarios, and therefore it is applicable on assessing the vulnerability of climate change in fisheries.

The feeding habits of the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis were examined based on the stomach contents of 330 specimens caught by offshore large purse seine fishery in the southern sea of Korea, 2011. The size of Pacific bluefin tuna used in this study ranged from 34.1 to 67.3 cm in fork length (FL). The percentage of empty stomachs was 41.8%. The main prey items were Pisces and Cephalopoda based on percentage IRI (index of relative importance). The main fish preys were Trachurus japonicus, Bregmaceros japonicus, Engraulis japonicus, and Cephalopoda were Todarodes pacificus, Loligo edulis, Watasenia scintillans. T. orientalis showed ontogenetic change in diet composition. Although Pisces dominated the diet of all length classes the portion of Cephalopoda was relatively higher in size between 40 and 50 cm other than length classes. In terms of seasonal variation in feeding habits, Pisces was the main prey group in all seasons, but Cephalopoda was also frequently consumed during spring and autumn based on %IRI.

This paper presents the mesh selectivity of a net pot for common octopus Octopus minor for the sustainable resources management of common octopus. The filed experiments were carried out the total 10 times in the southern part of coastal sea in Korea from March to May in 2010 using net pots of five different mesh sizes (16, 18, 20, 22 and 26mm). The test of size selectivity, indicated a 50% selection value on the logistic master curve of 3.195, whereby 50% of individuals with a mantle size of approximately 70.3mm selected a mesh size of 22mm. Considering that 50% of common octopus entering sexual maturity have a mantle size of 70.6mm, the optimum mesh size should be equal to, or larger than 22mm.

Changes in ecosystem risks were evaluated using the ecosystem-based fisheries assessment (EBFA) approach of Zhang et al. (2009, 2010) and the comprehensive ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) plan was made for the southern sea of Korea in this study. The risk assessment of the southern sea ecosystem was conducted by establishing ecosystem management objectives and by estimating risk scores (RS) for indicators. To conduct this analysis a number of indicators and their reference points for assessing these risk scores were developed in this study. The number of indicators in the risk analysis was 28 for the quantitative tier 1 analysis and 30 for the qualitative tier 2 analysis. The objective risk index (ORI), species risk index (SRI) and fisheries risk index (FRI) were calculated from the risk scores. Comparing the past (1988) and the current (2008) status of fisheries resources, management implications were discussed. The fishery risk index (FRI) of large purse seine fishery in the southern sea of Korea decreased substantially from 0.972 in 1988 to 0.883 in 2008, and improvement in the management of fisheries operated in the southern sea of Korea.

Characteristics of age and growth of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis sampled in the Jeonnam Marine Ranching Area (JMRA) around Geumo Islands south of Yeosu were investigated using 642 otoliths from March 2009 to February 2010. The opaque zone was formed in September once a year and hence it was used as an annulus. The parturient period was December to January, and therefore the duration from fertilization to the complete formation of the opaque zone was nineteen months. From the parameters calculated using the average length when the year ring was formed, growth of S. inermis were expressed by von Bertalanffy growth equation as Lt=23.267 (1-e-0.4406(t+1.1971)) for females and Lt=22.030 (1-e-0.5312(t+0.6834)) for males when is total length in age t. Through the growth equations, the maximum length was determined as 23.27cm for females and 22.03cm for males and the growth factor as 0.4406/yr and 0.5312/yr, respectively. Finally, the growth of female S. inermis is larger than the one of male S. inermis.