The purpose of this study is to confirm the structural relationship between parental support, relationships with teachers, and stress variables on adolescents' mental health. Among the panel of 7,324 third-year high school students in the 8th survey in 2020 of the ‘Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2013’ conducted by the Korea Educational Development Institute, 6,054 people who participated in the survey were selected as research subjects. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Bayesian structural equation model path analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 24.0. First, adolescents' parental support had a statistically significant positive effect on their mental health. Second, the relationship with teachers had a negative effect on stress and a positive effect on mental health. Third, it was confirmed that stress has a negative effect on the mental health of adolescents. Fourth, relationships with teachers had a positive effect on mental health with stress as a mediating variable. This study identified predictors that affect mental health at the point when adolescents' mental health problems become serious, and the research results can serve as data related to policy establishment and program operation in educational settings to improve mental health.

본 연구는 아프리카 전자상거래 법률 및 규정이 중국-아프리카 디지털 무역에 끼치는 영향을 탐색한다. 이를 위해, 구조방정식 모델링을 이용해 중국-아프리카 ICT 상품 무역액, 아프리카 전자상거래 발전 지수, 그리 고 전자상거래 법률 및 규정간의 상호 영향을 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 아프리카 전자상거래 법률 및 규정이 아프리카 전자상거래 발전과 중국- 아프리카 디지털 무역에 모두 긍정적으로 작용함을 확인하였다. 하지만 과도한 세금은 이러한 발전을 제한하는 요소로 작용하였다. 이 연구는 방법론적 혁신을 포함하며, 아프리카 전자상거래 법률 및 규정의 개선과 디지털 무역의 발전을 촉진하는 실증적 근거를 제시하였다. 다만, 데이터 와 이론적 한계로 인한 제약점이 존재하며, 향후 연구는 이를 극복하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 이론적 가치와 실질적 시사점을 제 공한다.

This study aimed to analyze causality of climatic factors that affecting the yield of whole crop barley (WCB) by constructing a network within the natural ecosystem via the structural equation model. The WCB dataset (n=316) consisted of data on the forage information and climatic information. The forage information was collected from numerous experimental reports from New Cultivars of Winter Crops (1993-2012) and included details of fresh and dry matter yield, and the year and location of cultivation. The climatic information included details of the daily mean temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration from the weather information system of the Korea Meteorological Administration. The variables were growing days, accumulated temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration in the season for the period of seeding to harvesting. The data was collected over 3 consecutive seasons—autumn, winter, and the following spring. We created a causality network depicting the effect of climatic factors on production by structural equation modeling. The results highlight: (i) the differences in the longitudinal effects between autumn and next spring, (ii) the factors that directly affect WCB production, and (iii) the indirect effects by certain factors, via two or more paths. For instance, the indirect effect of precipitation on WCB production in the following spring season via its effect on temperature was remarkable. Based on absolute values, the importance of WCB production in decreasing order was: the following spring temperature (0.45), autumn temperature (0.35), wintering (-0.16), and following spring precipitation (0.04). Therefore, we conclude that other climatic factors indirectly affect production through the final pathway, temperature and growing days in the next spring, in the climate-production network for WCB including temperature, growing days, precipitation and sunshine duration.

한문에 대한 교육을 탐색하는 한문과 교육은 한문이라는 언어를 가르치고 배우는 언어교과라고 정의내릴 수 있다. 한문교육은 읽기 교육에 집중되어야 하고, 교과목표는 일차적으로 한문 텍스트 읽기 능력 향상을 토대로 설정되어야 한다. 한문의 언어적 특성과 한문 교과서에 실린 텍스트의 특성에 맞는 한문 텍스트 이독성 공식 개발은 한문 읽기 교육 내용의 위계를 설정하는데 시의적절 한 과제라 할 수 있다. 이 연구는 한문 텍스트 이독성 공식의 한계점과 현장의 비판점을 수용하여 설명력이 높은 이독성 공식을 개발하고자 한다. 또, 기존 이독성 공식 연구와는 달리 전체 기대 요인들 간의 상관관계를 파악하여 이독성 공식을 보완하는 방안을 강구하고자 한다. 이 연구는 기존의 한문 이독성 공식 개발 연구 방법에 ‘구조방정식 모형(Structure Equation Model: SEM)’을 활용한다. 단, 여기서 는 한문텍스트 이독성 공식 개발 과정의 기초 과제인 한문교육용 기초한자 1,800자 대표 훈·음, 텍스트 크기에 따른 공식 개발 가능성 탐색, 기대 요인 상호 관계 파악을 위한 설문 결과 분석을 중심으로 보고한다. 향후 예상되는 연구의 기대 효과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습자 수준에 적절한 텍스트 선정 기준을 마련하여 한문 독해 교육을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있는 기반을 마련할 수 있다. 둘째, 한문 독해에 영향을 미치는 기대 요인 상호 관계를 구조방정식 모형을 통해 규명함으로써 한문 독해 연구의 토대로 작용할 것이다. 셋째, 구조방정식 모형을 통해 기존 한문 텍스트 이독성 공식을 보완함으로써 기대 요인들과 텍스트 난도 간의 상세한 상관관계를 가시적으로 나타내 줄 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose is to identify the impacts of internal and external integrations in an automotive supply chain in Thailand. Data are collected from automotive firms in Thailand and are analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The result indicates that both internal and external integrations are significant factors affecting market flexibility.

Modern football has transformed into a scientific football based on data. With this trend, various methods for tactics studies and outcome prediction have been developed on the perspective of data analysis. In this paper, we propose a structural equation model for football game. We analyze critical factors that affect to the winning of game except psychological parts and the causal relationship between latent variables and observed variables is statistically verified through the proposed structural equation model. The results show that the Passing ability and the Ball possession affect to the Attack ability, and consequently it has a positive impact on the winning of game.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to verify traffic accident injury severity factors for elderly drivers and the relative relationship of these factors. METHODS: To verify the complicated relationship among traffic accident injury severity factors, this study employed a structural equation model (SEM). To develop the SEM structure, only the severity of human injuries was considered; moreover, the observed variables were selected through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The number of fatalities, serious injuries, moderate injuries, and minor injuries were selected for observed variables of severity. For latent variables, the accident situation, environment, and vehicle and driver factors were respectively defined. Seven observed variables were selected among the latent variables. RESULTS: This study showed that the vehicle and driver factor was the most influential factor for accident severity among the latent factors. For the observed variable, the type of vehicle, type of accident, and status of day or night for each latent variable were the most relative observed variables for the accident severity factor. To verify the validity of the SEM, several model fitting methods, including , GFI, AGFI, CFI, and others, were applied, and the model produced meaningful results. CONCLUSIONS: Based on an analysis of results of traffic accident injury severity for elderly drivers, the vehicle and driver factor was the most influential one for injury severity. Therefore, education tailored to elderly drivers is needed to improve driving behavior of elderly driver.

PURPOSES: Daejeon is basically divided into an old downtown and a new downtown, and the recent relocation of the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government of Republic of Korea from the old downtown and the opening of governmental buildings in the new downtown as well have made this new downtown only densely populated with industrial and business facilities. Such changes in the downtowns have promoted the conditions of the new downtown while, consequently, dragging down the old downtown. Out of concern for those unbalanced developments of the two downtowns, Daejeon is now carrying out several city projects to revive the old downtown. In the light of that, as a part of the project to promote the old downtown, this study aims to conduct an evaluation on landscape of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong which was built upon those ideas of a theme street project by Daejeon. METHODS: Based on the findings from the questionnaire not only on the components that would design the streetscape of the culture and arts street but also on the public satisfaction with the streetscape, the study defined how those changes in the components affect emotional factors of the pedestrians. In order to achieve the research goal, the study made changes in D/H ratio of the street structural components as well as the roadside trees. In terms of the questionnaire method, the study used the SD scale, and proceeded with its investigation through the frequency analysis, the principal component analysis (the factor analysis) and the structural equation model. RESULTS : According to the results from the factor analysis and the regression analysis, of those three factors, such as the openness, the comfortable sensation and the safety, the openness followed by the comfortable sensation and the safety was determined to have the most positive influence on the total satisfaction. The structural model analysis reported that the D/H and the structural components of the roadside trees and planting have a positive effect on the emotional image, and this emotional image also appeared to be positively related to the total satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS : This study looked into how the changes in the street structural components of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong would affect the satisfaction with the streetscape, and finally confirmed that the D/H and the planting are what would have a positive effect on this satisfaction. What has been learned from this study will be the basic data to figure out how to promote and improve the culture and arts street in Daeheung-dong as this data will also help designing and developing of those specialized streets in other regions.

Estimation approaches for casual relation model with high-order factors have strict restrictions or limits. In the case of ML (Maximum Likelihood), a strong assumption which data must show a normal distribution is required and factors of exponentiation is impossible due to the uncertainty of factors. To overcome this limitation many PLS (Partial Least Squares) approaches are introduced to estimate the structural equation model including high-order factors. However, it is possible to yield biased estimates if there are some differences in the number of measurement variables connected to each latent variable. In addition, any approach does not exist to deal with general cases not having any measurement variable of high-order factors. This study compare several approaches including the repeated measures approach which are used to estimate the casual relation model including high-order factors by using PLS (Partial Least Squares), and suggest the best estimation approach. In other words, the study proposes the best approach through the research on the existing studies related to the casual relation model including high-order factors by using PLS and approach comparison using a virtual model.

본 연구는 국내 외국인유학생의 문화성향이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 Chun, Moos, and Cronkite(2006)가 제시한 스트레스-대처 맥락적 모형을 근거로 문화성향이 문화적응스트레 스, 자기효능감, 대처방식 및 대학생활적응에 영향을 미치는 경로에 대한 구조모형을 설정하고 검증 하였다. 자료 수집은 서울 소재 일 개 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 외국인유학생 363명을 대상으로 2013 년 6월 1일부터 7월 15일까지 실시하였다. 연구 결과 외국인유학생의 대학생활적응에는 개인주의성 향이 직접적인 영향을 미쳤고, 집단주의성향은 대학생활적응에 직접적인 영향을 미치진 않았으나 자 기효능감을 완전매개로 한 간접효과와 자기효능감이 적극적대처를 불완전매개로 한 간접효과 및 적 극적대처를 완전매개로 한 간접효과가 있었다. 또한 외국인유학생의 대학생활적응력을 향상시키고, 대학생활적응에 부정적 영향을 미치는 문화적응스트레스를 낮추기 위해서는 자기효능감이 중요한 중재방안이 될 수 있음도 확인되었다.

최근 과학기술이 고도로 발달되어 있는 현대사회에서 자연재해에 대한 지속적인 대비와 예측이 진행되고 있는 가운데 인간은 자연재해를 극복하기 위하여 오랜기간 꾸준하게 노력을 시도하고 있다. 그러나 자연재해의 피해 또한 인간의 노력 이상으로 커지고 있으며 자연재해를 예방하기 위해서 자연재해위험지구 정비사업을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 정비사업 결과에 대한 구체적인 효과분석이 미비한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 자연재해위험지구 정비사업의 효과를 분석하기 위하여 분석대상지구를 선정하고 지역주민 현장설문조사를 실시하여 설문도구의 타당성과 신뢰도 분석을 실시하고 빈도 분석 및 기술통계 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 구조방정식모형(AMOS)을 통하여 정책의 타당성을 분석하였다. 분석결과 자연재해정비사업의 정책은 합리성과 적합성이 담보되어 있고, 지역주민의 정신적·물리적 환경을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정비사업에 대하여 긍정적인 인식을 형성하였으며, 정부의 정치적 지지도까지 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 자연재해정비사업의 진행은 합리성과 적합성이 담보된 사업이고 이는 지역사회를 발전시키고 건전한 민주주의 발전까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendliness' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to establish the evaluation model for environmentally-friendliness of 'Tourism Farms' in rural areas by LISREL structural equation model. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. As the Result of LISREL structural equation model, the environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories. First, conservation of global environment (Low Impact), second, friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and third, environmental health and amenities (Health & Amenity). Five indicators, such as (1)saving of energy and water resource, (2)reduction and reuse of garbage, (3)natural purification of sewage disposal, (4)utilization of natural energy, (5)campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). Friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, (1)contact to nature and diverse green areas, (2)water intimate & contact areas, (3)natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, (1)nature affinity by farming experience, (2)environmental-friendliness of soil & crops by organic farming, (3) campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. Total coefficient of determination of the structural equation model by LISREL was 0.897, which showed high explanatory power.