한국은 역사적으로 아주 오랜 시간 중국과 교류하며 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화 전반에 걸쳐 많은 영향을 주고받았다. 이에 국가 차원의 중국어 교 육 역시 한반도 역사와 궤를 같이한다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 지금까지 국내에서 진행된 현대 중국어 교육 및 교육과정과 관련한 연구는 대개 1990년대 제6, 7차 교육과정 이후에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 초창기 교육 과정에서의 중국어 교육 도입과 발전 과정에 관한 연구는 극히 드물다. 이에 본고는 1945년 해방 이후 “신조선의 조선인을 위한 교육방침” 발 표에서부터 1953년 휴전 협정 이후 본격적으로 정립되기 시작한 “제1차 교육과정”을 두루 살피며 현대 중국어 교육의 도입 배경과 발전 과정을 분석하였다. 이를 통해, 현대 교육과정에서의 중국어 교육이 가지는 의미 와 필요성을 다시금 상기하고 변화하는 시대에 대응할 수 있는 중국어 교육의 발전 방향에 대해 논의하였다. 제2외국어 교육은 단순히 선택과 목, 교양과목의 의미를 넘어 심화되어가는 세계화와 정보화 사회 속에서 소통과 교류를 위한 핵심 역량 함양의 근간이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문이 중국어 교육을 비롯한 국내 외국어 교육 발전에 작게나마 기여할 수 있 길 바란다.

Purpose: This study verified the effects of simulation-based communication education on the problem-solving process, communication self-efficacy, and communication ability of nursing college students. Methods: As an experimental study of single-group pre- and post-design, data were collected from April 12 to June 18, 2021, using a self-report questionnaire from 55 Year 4 nursing college students in city D. The collected data were analyzed in terms of frequency, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Our findings indicated that there were significant differences between the problem-solving process (t=-20.54, p<.001), communication self-efficacy (t=-15.31, p<.001), and communication ability (t=-3.62, p=.001) in communication before and after simulation-based communication education. Following simulation-based communication education, the communication ability of nursing students was evaluated through the problem-solving process (r=.46, p<.01), self-efficacy in communication (r=.37, p<.01), and problem-solving process by a doctor. Furthermore, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation with communication self-efficacy (r=.16, p<.01). Conclusion: It can be expected that the simulation -based communication education will improve nursing students’ problem-solving process, communication self-efficacy, and communication ability and thus contribute to high-quality nursing in related clinical situations. In addition, for a more effective communication education, research that could develop various scenarios in the clinical field and verify the effectiveness is required.

Since its introduction to the Korean peninsula, the Chinese character became the only official script and was revered by the rulers. In post modern era, with the intervention of Western forces and the awakening of Korean national consciousness, Korea began to abolite Chinese characters. This study examines the process of dismissal Chinese characters in post-modern Korea and the policy of Chinese characters education from the perspectives of linguistic sociology and theory of Chinese characters cultureology, and analyzes the reasons and rationality of its development, as well as the significance of Chinese characters education in Korea in the new era, based on historical materials such as relevant literature, news magazines, and policy decrees.

This study was a qualitative investigation of the process of adaptation of nutrition education programs by marriage immigrant women who completed education programs for training of food citizen leaders. Focus group interviews of seven marriage immigrant women from Vietnam, China, Mongolia and Russia were conducted and analyzed based on the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Participants were aware of the purpose of the education program (coherence) and their confidence in organizing and reconstructing the knowledge of nutrition was increased after education (reflexive monitoring). However, they had difficulties attending long-term education programs (cognitive participation) and overcoming language barriers (collective action). Although the program was beneficial for the participants in that they could apply acquired nutrition knowledge to their everyday life as food citizen leaders, the continuous monitoring and feed-back system (management), customized application, and consideration of personal and social factors need to be developed and facilitated. In addition, various programs targeting marriage immigrant women may increase economic independence of these women. The NPT proved beneficial in conceptualizing the barriers and facilitators to implementing nutrition education. The successful implementation of nutrition intervention needs special support to overcome barriers to cognitive participation and collective action.

Purpose: This study was tried to identify the effects of simulation practice education on the clinical competence, critical thinking disposition and self-confidence of nursing process in new graduated nurses. Methods: This study was one group pre-post test design, participants are 50 new graduated nurses with less than 3 month of working experience. The simulation practice education applied the first semester of the third grade, over 15 weeks with 1 credit per 2 hours per week by two instructors with four scenarios. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients using the SPSS WIN 21.0 program. Result: There was a significant difference simulation practice education on the clinical competence and critical thinking disposition in the new graduated nurses. There was a correlation between clinical competence and critical thinking disposition. Conclusion: New nurses' capacity can be strengthened by applying simulation practice education that improve the clinical performance by enhance the critical thinking Disposition.

This study is to solve the public education’s dilemma between the standardized education to maximize learning efficiency and the personalized education to maximize learning effectiveness, using the paradox management process. The process is based on combining the TOC (Theory Of Constraints) and TRIZ (Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving), which is a creative way of thinking to draw the synergic effect by pursuing simultaneously the conflicting elements. Through this research, a new concept of learning method can be suggested on a public course. Further research should be performed to develop a learning guideline based on the students’ empirical study results.

This study aims to examine the Bologna Process in the reform of European higher education over the past decade. The year 2010 saw the completion of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) since the Bologna Process has been adopted, European higher education has expanded both quantitatively and qualitatively with full participation of European countries and the position of higher education in Europe elevated to a central position in the development and promotion of the competitiveness of European countries. While integration, quality assurance, lifelong learning and student mobility are considered to be its main achievements, the socioeconomic situation among the member countries hinders the Bologna Process from successful implementation. As a result, four questions in regards to the Bologna Process are asked. These are whether ‘soft-law governance’ is working, whether there is an ‘unchallenged consensus,’ whether a ‘brain-drain or brain circulation’ is occurring, and whether it is an example of ‘educational innovation.’ In conclusion, bottom-up governance and open coordination among various groups in higher education will create an agenda for a higher education motivating paradigm change toward student-based learning and education. As a result, the Bologna Process may be a ‘global teacher’ leading the change in higher education reform in European and non-European countries

As Korea has approached the aging society, older Koreans have become an important force in restaurant sales today. To succeed with this silver market, it is important for restaurant managers to know who they are and what factors influence older Koreans' eating-out decision making process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the silver consumers' education level on eating-out decision making process. Data were collected from 178 older consumers above 55 years old and analyzed using the descriptive statistic analysis, MANOVA, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the elderly consumers' education level significantly influenced the decision making process in determining where to eat out. Significant differences were found in the Problem Recognition Step(Wilks' Lambda=0.817, F=2.991), Information Search Step(Wilks' Lambda=0828, F=2.218), Alternative Evaluation Step II(Wilks' Lambda=0.741, F=3.596), Purchase Decision Step(Wilks' Lambda=0.859, F=2.223), and the Post-Purchase Behavior(Wilks' Lambda=0.885, F=1.780). The higher education level was, the more directly involved in the eating out decision process. The elderly consumers with university education were likely to 'propose to eat out by themselves'(F=9.346), to obtain restaurant information from the 'printed materials'(F=7.452), to go to 'family restaurant'(F=9.057), 'Japanese restaurant'(F=8.7891) and 'fine dining restaurants'(F=3.936), and to directly express their emotion when they had complaints about restaurant service(F=3.206). In conclusion, older Koreans will become more healthy and wealthy which means the dining out activity will be an important part of their life to socialize with people. Therefore, food service operations should consider the elderly consumers' needs and expectation of restaurant services and actively position themselves for this new market segment.

본 연구는 원격 체육수업을 통해 코로나-19에 대응하는 체육교사들의 어려움과 노력 과정을 심층적으로 이해하고 이를 바탕으로 원격 체육수업의 개선방안을 탐색하고자 하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 부산광역시 체육교과연구회 커뮤니티 소속 체육교사 344명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하고, 체육교사 6명을 대상으로 FGI(Focus Group Interview)를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 온라인 개학 초반부에 체육교사들은 처음 겪어보는 온라인 개학과 원격수업에 대해 심각한 스트레스를 받으며 거부감을 보였으나 원격수업을 극복하고자 하는 의지를 보였다. 둘째, 원격수업을 실시하는 과정에서 체육교사들은 수많은 실패를 경험하면서도 집단지성의 힘과 집단 공동체성을 발휘해 원격수업에 도전하면서 극복하고자 하는 움직임을 보였다. 셋째, 체육교사들은 현재의 위기를 기회로 만들려는 노력을 기울이고 있었으며, 또다시 겪게 될지 모르는 미래의 원격수업에 미리 대비하도록 다양한 콘텐츠와 교수·학습 방법을 개발해야 한다고 하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 원격 체육수업을 위한 교육계와 교사들의 다양한 노력의 필요성에 대해 제언하였다.

창의적인 디자이너를 육성하여야 하는 디자인 교육은 조형 활동의 경험을 통해 표현능력을 기르고 창의력을 개발하게 하는 것으로, 단순히 수업을 받는다는 개념이 아니라 형태교육의 기초를 습득하여 기초능력을 배양하는 것에 의의를 두어야 한다. 이를 위한 디자인 교육 프로세스는 학생들이 좀 더 흡수하기 쉽고 효율성을 높이기 위한 방향으로 개발되고 있으나 그 성과에 대한 차이는 분명히 발생하고 있다. 이는 교육 프로세스의 문제점 뿐 만 아니라 그 외의 요인이 작용하는 것으로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 교육 프로세스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 학생 개개인의 형태처리방식에 있을 것이라고 추론하여, 창의적인 발상기법에 대한 제시 뿐 만이 아니라 학생 개개인이 어떻게 형태를 인지하여 재인하는지에 대해 파악하여 새로운 발상 교육과 어떤 관계성이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 학생 개개인별로 실험을 진행한 결과, 형태를 전체적으로 재인하는 상향처리방식의 학생과 형태를 부분적으로 재인하는 학생은 하향처리방식의 학생으로 분류되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 학생들을 대상으로 디자인 발상 교육 워크샵을 진행한 결과 상향처리방식의 학생들이 좀 더 나은 과정과 성과를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 디자인의 발상 교육과 더불어 학생 개개인의 특성을 파악하는 것이 디자인 발상 교육 프로세스의 효과를 더욱 증대될 수 있는 것이라는 결과와 이와 관련된 교육 체계 또한 개발되어야 함을 시사한다.