This paper introduces a container loading problem and proposes a theoretical approach that efficiently solves it. The problem is to determine a proper weight of products loaded on a container that is delivered by third party logistics (3PL) providers. When the company pre-loads products into a container, typically one or two days in advance of its delivery date, various truck weights of 3PL providers and unpredictability of the randomness make it difficult for the company to meet the total weight regulation. Such a randomness is mainly due to physical difference of trucks, fuel level, and personalized equipment/belongings, etc. This paper provides a theoretical methodology that uses historical shipping data to deal with the randomness. The problem is formulated as a stochastic optimization where the truck randomness is reflected by a theoretical distribution. The data analytics solution of the problem is derived, which can be easily applied in practice. Experiments using practical data reveal that the suggested approach results in a significant cost reduction, compared to a simple average heuristic method. This study provides new aspects of the container loading problem and the efficient solving approach, which can be widely applied in diverse industries using 3PL providers.

During an up-righting project for a capsized ship, the dynamic effect enlarges the tensions of cables. The cable tensions which are calculated based on statics and the safety evaluation which is based on these tensions cannot ensure the safety of the up-righting project. Due to the above reasons, a numerical simulation project is applied to investigate the dynamic effect on cable tensions of up-righting projects and evaluate the safety of up-righting project in current research. Firstly, a theoretical equation of the quasi-static up-righting project model is established in current research and is solved. Subsequently, the precision of the numerical simulation method applied in current research is checked by comparing cable tensions which are calculated by theoretical model and numerical simulation method. The cable tensions in different cases are solved by the numerical simulation method which accounts for dynamic effect in order to investigate the relationship between cable tensions and capsized ship weights, cable stiffness and winding-in speed. Finally, the safety of up-righting project is evaluated based on all the cable tensions calculated. It is pointed out that cable tension increases with the value of capsized ship weight, cable stiffness or winding-in speed approximately. The safety coefficients of cable in some high winding-in speeds are bellow 1.0. The results indicate that the dynamic effect is significant and should be accounted for during the up-righting project.

In line with the significant impact of information overwhelming on consumer behavior, the study conducted by Iyengar and Lepper (2000) showed that information overload could merely happen while being presented by too much choice, which is also referred as the phenomenon of “choice overload.” In contrast to the classic economic and psychological theories that the more choice, the better, their field observation and lab experiment concluded the finding that having more choice may be demotivating. Through the classic jam study of theirs, which was conducted in an upscale grocery store, they found that while displaying 24 different exotic jams at the sample booth (the large choice set) in the store, only three percent of the sampling shoppers actually purchased one of the jams. However, 30 percent of the sampling shoppers purchased one of the jams during the display of six jam samples (the small choice set). The too-much-choice effect was observed not only in the supermarket but also in an educational context. While providing six versus 30 essay topics to students, the quality of essays was found to be significantly better in the limited-choice (6) condition than in the extensive-choice (30) condition. In marketing practices, marketers tend to provide abundant alternatives to consumers because it increases the likelihood to match different needs and interests of various consumers (Haynes, 2009). However, researchers have noticed that providing extensive choice could result in negative consequences such as making one dissatisfied and unconfident with the choice or defer the decision. Although many empirical studies have shown that the too-much-choice effect occurs in different contexts (e.g. charity donation, prize drawing, and essay topics) or with various product categories (e.g. mp3 players, pens, and chocolates), it has not been consistently observed. Scheibehenne, Greifeneder, and Todd (2009) did not find the statistically significant relation between the size of choice sets (small vs. large) and the percentage of the participants who made a choice in the restaurant-picking task and charity donation task. To better understand the too-much-choice effect, thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a holistic and theoretical model of the too-much-choice effect inductively based on empirical findings. To date, most of the studies that have been conducted focus on experimental examinations, which are essential building blocks for theory development. However, experimental findings only provide fragmentary explanations about the phenomenon. By assembling the pieces derived from those segments, therefore, the too-much-choice effect is treated as a continuum, which may better explain under what situation the effect is more likely to appear and what consequences it may result in.

Acoustical backscattering characteristics of Japanese anchovy can be estimated by Kirchhoffray mode model (KRM model) due to estimate exact body and swim-bladder shape of the fish, the samples were rapidly frozen by dry-ice and alcohol. X-ray photos for ventral and lateral direction for 6 samples were taken and the 3D coordinates of the body swim-bladder were estimated by digitizing from the photos. The angles between the axis of body and swim-bladder were about 9˚ at 38kHz and 7˚ at 120kHz, 200kHz. General formula of TS and BL estimated were 〈 TS38kHz 〉=20logBL-67.3, 〈 TS120kHz 〉=20logBL-66.6, 〈 TS200kHz 〉=20logBL-67.0. As a result, we confirmed KRM model is very useful to estimate TS (Target Strength) for design of experiment and it also can be applied to estimate the abundance of Japanese anchovy distributed by 2 frequency difference method in the survey area.

The Crime Prevention Net(CPN) means an integrated model for crime prevention that forms the structure like a close meshed net by making use of the various crime prevention strategies and by collaborate participation of multi-groups. This CPN Model includes three realms, namely the realm of criminal-tendency deterrence, the realm of the criminal opportunity reduction and the realm of recidivists management. The strategies in criminal-tendency deterrence realm are the treatments for individuals with biological or psychological predisposition to crime, the interventions in the process of individual's socialization and the developments of the overall social structure and surroundings. The criminal opportunity reduction strategy is situational crime prevention strategy, such as CPTED, teaching techniques to avoid being a victim of crime, formal surveillance by policemen's patrol and so on. The recidivists management strategies are the management of information of recidivists, parolees and offenders who are under the probation. The CPN is constructed by the obligatory participants and the various strategies and the police play a central role in the CPN : searching and analyzing on the criminal environment in the community, finding accurately the capable resources in the community, selecting participants which forms CPN, designing CPN suitable to the community, coordinating the function of participants, educating the strategies of crime prevention to the participants.

This study aims at giving effective suggestions for future Earth Science Education by making a theoretical teaching-learning model for inquiry science. The main subject of this study is to establish the learning system, educational goal and guide theory of Earth Science Education. Through above mentioned, following suggestions are presented: (1) The experiments and observations should be more emphasized than lectures in Earth Science Education. (2) It is necessary to retrain Earth Science teachers in order to improve their ability to guide the student's experiments. (3) Well designed laboratory equipments and kids of good quality and resonable price should be supplied. (4) Every teacher should work on positive line, extending the range of information through participating in the Korean Earth Science Education society, Earth Science meetings and various science education seminars.

Purpose: This study conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to deal with the issues of alternative methods to replace the composite scores, which were the integrated scores of indicators, with a measurement model for testing in order to solve the problems with model estimation in a research that applied SEM. Methods: The investigator directed the simulation to compare the estimated structural coefficients from the original model containing with those in the reduce model that was replaced with the composite scores or integrated scores of those indicators. The simulation was carried out in three cases according to the organizational methods of composite scores that considered the correlation coefficient and factor loading characteristics of indicators. Results: first, the invariance of the estimated structural coefficient wasn’t maintained when the factor coefficients of indicators were heterogeneous in case of a unidimensional structure among indicators. Secondly, a structural coefficient was underestimated regardless of heterogeneity among indicator factor coefficients in case of a multidimensional structure among indicators. The study also showed the effects of composite scores on the estimation of structural coefficients by comparing their estimation results according to the sample size of analysis data in each experiment.

본 연구에서는 간단한 단위도 이론인 Nash 모형을 이용하여 유역 저류상수 및 집중시간의 문제를 이론적으로 고찰해 보았다. 먼저, Nash 순간단위도의 저류상수 및 집중시간을 그 정의에 따라 유도하고, 각각의 특성은 물론 둘 사이의 관계를 검토하였다. 추가로, 국내에서 많이 사용되고 있는 저류상수 및 집중시간의 경험공식들을 유도된 Nash 모형의 저류상수 및 집중시간 특성과 비교 검토하였다. 이 과정을 통해 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) Nas

최근, 열정은 정체성에 대한 활동의 내면화 과정에 따라 조화열정과 강박열정으로 새롭게 개념화되고 있다. 이 이원론적 접근은 조화열정과 강박열정이 각각 적응적 패턴과 부적응적 패턴에 연관된다는 가설을 제시하고 있다. 열정의 이원론적 접근에 따라 본 연구는 무용전공자 230명을 대상으로 무용열정의 선제적 모형과 결과적 모형을 구축하여 각 모형들의 구조적 타당도를 비교 분석하였다. 선제적 모형은 목표성향, 무용태도, 무용열정의 인과성으로 구성되었으며, 결과적 모형은 무용열정, 무용연습, 정서의 인과성으로 구성되었다. 구조방정식모델(SEM) 분석결과는 열정의 이원론적 접근을 부분적으로 지지하였다. 선제적 모형에서 과제목표는 무용태도와 조화열정의 예측인자이며, 무용태도는 열정의 직접적이고 강력한 예측인자로 나타났다. 자아목표 역시 강박열정의 예측인자로 나타났지만, 무용태도를 유의하게 예측하지는 못했다. 결과적 모형에서 조화 및 강박열정은 모두 정서의 예측인자이지만 무용연습은 정서를 유의하게 예측하지 못했다. 특히, 강박열정이 조화열정보다 무용연습에 긍정적으로 연관되고 있었다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과들을 열정의 이론적 접근을 통하여 논의했다.

This paper presents a theoretical study for making intelligent robots with human-like mind. For the development of a cognitive mental model, we developed three algorithms based on the cognitive process for human psychoanalysis. Specifically, the concept of id, ego and superego from the theory of Sigmund Freud was adopted and the procedural algorithms were presented.

유방암 환자들의 생존율이 증가함에 따라 생존한 유방암 환자들을 돕고 보다 빠르게 정상적인 생활로 돌아가서 건강하고 질 높은 삶을 영위하기 위한 재활 및 건강 증진의 방법으로 운동은 권장되고 있다. 암 환자들에게 운동을 시작할 수 있는 동기를 부여하고 지속적으로 운동을 이행, 유지하도록 돕기 위한 운동 중재를 구성하기 위한 기초 조사로 인간의 건강 행위는 개인의 의사결정에 기초하며 정서와 인지 및 행위를 포함한다는 변화단계 모형(Transtheoretical Model(TTM))을 기틀로 하여 유방암 환자의 운동 행위 단계, 변화 과정, 효과와 손실 의사결정 균형의 사용 정도를 파악하고 운동행위 단계에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인을 조사하며 각 요인 간 상관성을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구는 113명 유방암 환자에게 운동 행위 단계는 Procheska와 Diclemante(1983)의 도구, 변화 과정은 Nigg 등(1999)의 도구, 의사결정 균형은 Marcus(1992a)의 도구, 자기효능은 Marcus(1992b)가 개발한 도구를 사용하여 자료수집하였다. 연구 대상자의 총 49.5% 에서 운동을 시행한다고 응답하였고 이를 운동 행위 단계별 유지 단계 22.4%, 실행 단계 27.1%이었다. 현재 운동을 이행하지 않는 준비 단계 26.2%, 심사숙고 단계 16.8%, 무관심 단계7.5%이었다. 운동 행위 단계별 인지, 경험적 과정은 실행 단계에서 높게 사용되었고 준비 단계 이하에서 적게 사용되었다. 행위적 과정은 유지, 실행단계에서 높게 사용되었고 심사숙고, 무관심 단계에서 적게 사용되었다. 유지, 실행단계에서 효과 의사결정 균형이 높게 사용된 반면 준비 단계 이하에서 손실 의사결정 균형이 평균보다 높게 사용되었다. 운동에 대한 자기효능 또한 유지, 실행단계에서 높게 사용되었고 준비 단계 이하에서 적게 사용되었다. 운동의 단계에 영향을 미치는 요인은 행위적 과정의 자기해방(p=.000), 손실 의사결정 균형(p=.001) 그리고 유방암 절제시기(p=.003)이었다. 이는 40.3%의 설명력을 보였다. 관련 변수 간 상관성에서 변화 과정, 손실과 효과 의사결정 균형, 자기효능은 서로 유의한 상관성을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 유방암 환자를 위한 운동 행위 단계에 따른 운동 중재 구성에 기초 자료를 제공함으로 보다 개별화된 운동 프로그램의 구성 및 운동의 활성화에 기여할 것이다.

A theoretical model for the over-all ship's magnetism was developed, on the assumption that the magnetism of a three-island type vessel can be regarded as that of the prolate spheroidal magnetic body. Modelled values were determined by the simulation on the base of the theoretical analysis of the magnetic field around the above-mentioned magnetic body. The real values were made of the data observed from four different three-islands type vessels alongside the piers. The agreement between the modelled and real values was found to be accurate.