고품질의 작물재배를 위해서는 병해충 방제가 필수적으로 요구된다. 최근에는 농작업인의 안전, 저항성 해충 관리 및 안전한 농산물 생산을 위하여 천적의 사용이 파프리카와 장미 등에서 꾸준히 이루어지고 있어, 파프리카를 포함한 고추, 딸기, 토마토, 오이, 잎들깨 등의 작물을 중심으로 천적을 활용한 해충방제기술 개발이 요구되고 있다. 천적이 농업현장에서 최대의 효과를 나타내기 위해서는 밀도조절인자로 자재와 병행한 사용이 요구되며, 대표적 자재로 농약과 친환경유기농업자재를 들 수 있다. 2015년 현재 2872여종의 농약이 국내에 등록되었고, 그중 살균·살충제 75종, 살충·제초제 1종, 살충제 845종이 등록되어 살충제로 총 921여종이 등록되어 있다. 고추, 딸기, 토마토, 오이, 들깨, 콩, 배추 등 7종과 관련하여 341종이 등록되어 있으며, 해충 중심으로 약효 평가가 이루어져 천적을 보호할 수 있는 저독성 약제 선발 시험이 요구되고 있다. 국내에서 유통되는 곤충 및 응애류 천적은 20종이며, 지중해이리응애, 황온좀벌, 담배장님노린재, 온실가루이좀벌, 애꽃노린재, 오이이리응애, 콜레마니진딧벌, 어리줄풀잠자리, 칠레이리응애, 사막이리응애, 잎굴파리좀벌 등 총 11종의 천적을 중심으로 약제 저독성 평가가 이루어져왔다. 또한, 최근 친환경에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 유기농업의 확산 및 정착을 위해서 천적과 같이 사용이 가능한 미생물제를 포함한 유기농업자재가 선발되어야 하나, 현재 담배장님노린재 등 일부 천적에 대해서만 연구가 이루어져, 이들에 대한 저독성 평가도 시급한 실정이다. 이에 따라, 금후 관련기관을 중심으로 천적과 관련하여 등록된 농약과 유기농업 자재의 저독성 및 잔류독성을 평가하여, 농업현장에서 천적활용을 확산켜야 할 필요가 있다.

Korea Maritime Police Agency(KMPA) has been pressed by some environmental factors. The changes in the international maritime legal system, such as the entry into force of the UNCLOS in 1994 and the promulgation of the Korea 200-mile EEZ, have radically expanded the mission of the KMPA. In addition, there is, among other nations, no such large size maritime agency, equivalent to the KMPA, except in the cases of USA, Canada, and Japan. And what is more, critics outside the KMPA, including some other government agencies and stakeholders may propose to dismantle the KMPA. In this paper, the author highlights the internal and external issues facing KMPL, and he urges KMPA to change the organizational culture for maintaining its identity and characteristics by adopting the Total Quality Management. And he tries to assess the adoption of TQM on KMPA, by using the Feasibility Assessment Technique.

이 논문에서는 가상현실로 잘 알려진 인간과 컴퓨터 상호 작용에서의 3차원 음장 재생을 위한 요소 기술을 논하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 가상 공간과 같은 가상 환경을 갖는 선박 조종 시뮬레이터의 구현 가능성을 검토하는데 있다. 이 연구에서는 머리 전달 함수(HRTF)를 이용한 3차원 음장 재생에서의 몇가지 핵심 기술을 고찰하고, 필터 탭수를 줄이기 위한 방법과 3차원 음장에서의 불연속 영역을 보간하기 위한 방법을 기술하였다.

여러 자료에 따르면 우리 나라에도 정확 수는 알 수 없지만 상당량의 보물선이 침몰되어 있을 것으로 추정된다. 이에 최근 우리나라 영해에서 보물선 탐사작업이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 몇 건의 문화재 관련 발굴 사례 이외에는 아직까지 뚜렷한 성과가 없지만 앞으로 계속적인 발굴작업으로 인하여 보물선 발굴 사례의 가능성은 크다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 만약 침몰선을 인양했을 경우에 발생되는 법적인 문제들과 그 절차들, 그리고 침몰선의 소유권과 관련한 국내법적 문제 및 해결방법들과 국제법적 문제 및 해결방법들에 대해서 살펴보고 현재 존재하는 법시스템의 몇가지 문제점을 제시하고자 한다.

In the velocimeter, the ultrasonic pulse signal is used for measuring the profile velocity of moving targets distributed in space because of the merits of its high distance resolution and harmless affect to the human body. The velocity reading in conventional ultrasonic pulsed velocimeter depends on the wave pattern reflecting the spatial distribution of scatters and includes observational error due to the signal processing of analyzing pulse signal. In this paper, we evaluate an influence of the received waveform of pulsed signal on the velocity information by setting a model. Subsequently, in order to improve the distance resolution and to obtain precise velocity information without the influence of the spatial distribution of scatterers, we propose a new method for the analysis of Doppler pulsed signal, in which the pulsed signal is transformed into a phase function with local data. Finally, it is confirmed that the performance of the velocimeter is more improved in the proposed method than in the conventional one.

In this paper , the basic strategic method to induce the entrants and to raise the morale of students for the maritime college has been discussed, and it is pointed out that the values of higher maritime education in the developed society have a tendency to be highly evaluated from the point of not only maintaining the national shipping but also controlling the quality of the shipping industries and marine environment. Consequently, the new maritime educational program has to be developed so that the student may make a decision to choose hir course for the future job on the base of traditional maritime training.

In this study, an interface is developed in compliance with the standards which is made by National M.E.A in U.S.A for transmitting the Marine Gyrocompass information. The interface consists of Bearing Signal Transfer, Bearing Signal Demodulator, Bearing Signal Discriminator, Bearing Counter and, Informatioin Tranmitter. The results are as follows : The transmission of bearing information was achieved successfully on the Marine RADAR by the interface tranmitting for the Marine Gyrocompass. And, newly proposed phase-detector in Bearing Signal Discriminator which method is forcibly reset the previous data of D-T Flip Flop can be solved the problems of the delay in phase discrimination and the unstableness in the boundary areas of input signal.

In this study, the self test-system for the marine Gyrocompass was developed and the obtained results are summarized as follows : 1) Utilizing the newly developed self-test system, the time length for observing the transient state of Gyrocompass reading which has been over 4 hours can be reduced to less than 20 minutes. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the Gyrocompass can be measured within 2 hours after starting the system. 2) Prior test and diagnosis was done by checking all parameters recurrently with period of 2.5minutes. 3) Testing and diagnosis results was shown in graphic mode and could be transmitted to INMARSAT unit using personal computer. 4) The results of the newly designed trouble algorithm for the system was found to be applicable under arbitrary given conditions.

The ship's magnetic compass even if corrected is feasible to indicate the erroneous information due to the change of this ship's magnetism. But if the north-seeking sensor of the transmitting magnetic compass system is located where the effect of the ship's magnetism is the least , that problem is expected to be removed. In this paper, as a basic research to enhance the accuracy and the stability of the ship's magnetic compass by placing the north-seeking sensor at the adequate location, the theoretical model for the overall ship's magnetism were studied from the macroscopic viewpoint, The parameters of the theoretical model were determined by the least square method on the assumption that the overall magnetism of a ship can be regarded as that of the prolate spheroidal magnetic body. The agreement between the modelled and the observed values was found to be good.

A theoretical model for the over-all ship's magnetism was developed, on the assumption that the magnetism of a three-island type vessel can be regarded as that of the prolate spheroidal magnetic body. Modelled values were determined by the simulation on the base of the theoretical analysis of the magnetic field around the above-mentioned magnetic body. The real values were made of the data observed from four different three-islands type vessels alongside the piers. The agreement between the modelled and real values was found to be accurate.

In order to provide a basic information to locate the sensor of remote-indicating magnetic compass onboard, an empirical model for the over-all ship's magnetism was developed based on the periodicity of the observed magnetic field around the vessels. The values of model parameters were determined by least-square method and optimum numbers of them were fixed using Akaike's information criterion theory, and also an approximation method to determine parameter was proposed based on the symmetrical characteristic of observed data versus ship's length. The confidence level of the newly developed models was tested by analysis of variance method. The agreement between the modelled and real values was found to be remarkably accurate.

As a basic study for enhancing the sensitivity of the follow-up system of the marine gyrocompass, the geometric characteristics of the deflection sensor were investigated and the theoretical model of it was formulated. The output signal voltage of the deflection sensor was esamined by changing the attitude of gyrosphere against follow-up container. The characteristics of the output are found to be indentical with those of the distance difference versus the relative azimuthal deflection of the gyrosphere against the follow up container. On the base of the theoretical model, some useful points for the design of the deflection sensor are suggested as following : 1. When the difference between semidiamter of gyrophere and that of the follow-up container decreases, the sensitivity of deflection sensor increases. 2. If the semidiameter difference of two spheres is constant, the sensitivity of deflection sensor is proportional to the magnitude of the semidiamter of each sphere. 3. The farther the gyrosphere is deviated from the center of follow-up container, the higher the sensitivity of deflection sensor is. 4. It is recommendable that the value of the datum deflection of the electrodes on the gyrosphere should be within the range between 4˚ and 16˚deviated from north-south line.

This paper offers a method of magnetic compass adjustment for the vessel alongside the wharf using newly designed magnetic north former, which makes the same magnetic field-change as the turning vessel does. The characteristics of the magnetic north former was examined by observing the deviation curves of the magnetic compass installed on the compass deviascop at laboratory. The magnetic north former consists of A and B arms which hold the permanent bar magnets at the both ends of each arm. The arm is to rotae in the horizontal plane about the vertical axis fixed at the center boss of the magnetic compass and it is to compensate the horizontal plane about the vertical axis fixed at the center boss of the magnetic compass and it is to compensate the horizontal component of the earth's field. The B arm makes the artificial magnetic north around the magnetic compass for every ship's heading. The results of investigation are summarized as follows ; 1. The observation and correction of magnetic compass deviation can be done without swinging the ship, of the effect of D coefficient is negligible. 2. The residual deviation curve of the magnetic compass depends on the accuracy of deduced value of ship's multplier(λ). 3. The errors due to the inaccuracy of deduced value of ship's multiplier change in the same way as the B and C coefficient do.

The sensing part of the remote-indicating magnetic compass has to be placed where the ship's magnetic effects are minimum, in order that the compass may remain usable under the varying magnetic conditions likely to be experienced on board the ship. In this paper the model of the overall ship's magnetism is built using Vacquier's method frequently used in determining the geomagnetic anomaly, on the assumption that the steel ship generate the magnetic disturbance in the geomagnetic field. It was found that the values of the magnetism observed on board approximate to those of the magnetism calculated from the captioned model, under the condition that the ship's material isominated by the permanent magnetism. And on the basis of the above model, it was feasible to locate the place of the minimum magnetic field by computer calculation.

Self-contained portable remote-indicating magnetic compass was designed and tested. Its sensing part consists of main scale disk of rotary encoder with photo-etched 180, oopaque slits and three pairs of light sources and detectors seperated by a transparent index scale, so that any angular deflection of main scale disk against the bowl may be detected optically. The outputs from the sensing part are transformed into digital ship's course indication by electronics unit which consists of operational amplifier, phase discriminator, up-down counter and counting starter circuit. The results from testign the above compass with turntable at variable rate of turn are as following : 1) The main scale disk deflection against the bowl can be detected without any disturbing influence to the freedom of its north-seeking function. 2) The digital indication resolution is found to be ˚ ±1 degree. 3) Misrepresenting indication can be avoided by ensuring dimension uniformity and arrangement accuracy of slits on main and index scale disks and by centering pivot in the encoder disk. 4) Indication resolution should be improved by modifying the signal processing and by doubling the number of slits on compass card. 5) Further study should be made on developing non-conductive compass liquid, analogue repeater driving system and more compact processing element.

In Korea, the importance of keeping the see transportation facilities and well-trained maritime officers cannot be overemphasized, because of her geographical location and the national security in terms of both political and economical situations. In this paper, some points are suggested for the development of the nautical education in Korea Maritime University: (1) the strict regimental training should be kept as a vital important part of students life and its program should be designed to provide students with leadership training and experience, and to develope in the qualities of responsibilities for good citizenship and self-discipline to overcome hardwork for careers as leaders in Korea maritime industry. And therefore the dormitory and training vessel as essential parts of the educational facilities should be improved both in quality and quantity, (2) the undergraduate course should be extended to more than 5 years so that accredited baccalaureate curriculum and licensing professional education might be well conducted to meet the requirements to cope with the international competition in the facet of seafarers quality, (3) more enlarging the opportunities of incentive payments for students is required so that better qualified applicants can be admitted, (4) finally, a conjugal maritime officer service system should be put into practice in the foresseable furture so that seafarers might live normal family lives while staying at sea.

One of the main purposes of the marine gyrocompass follow-up system is to preserve the sensitive part from the wandering error due to the frictional or torsional torque around the vertical axis. This error can be diminished through the rapid follow-up action, which minimizes the relative azimuthal angular displacement between the sensitive and follow-up parts and shortens the duration of the same displacement. But an excessive rapidity of the follow-up action would result in a sustained oscillation to the system. Therefore, to design a new type of the follow-up system, the theoretical annlysis of the problems concerned should be studied systematically by introducing the control theory. This paper suggest a concrete procedure for the optimal adjustment of the gyrocompass follow-up system, utilizing the mathematic model and the stability informations formerly investiaged by the author. For theoptimal determination of the adjustable paramfter K, the performance index(P.I.), ITSE(Intergral of the Time multiplied by the Squared Error) is proposed, namely, P.I. = ʃ0∞ t · e2(t)dt where t is time and e(t) means control error. Then, the optimal parameter minimizing the performance index is calculated by means of Parseval's theorem and numerical computation, and the validity of the obtained optimal value of the parameter Ka is examined and confirmed through the simulations and experiments. By using, the proposed method, the optimal adjustment can be performed deterministically. But, this can not be expected in the conventional frequency domain analysis. While the Mps of the original system vary to the extent of from 0.98 to 46.27, Mp of the optimal system is evaluated as 1.1 which satisfies the generally accepted frequency domain specification.