본고는 중국 도농관계의 문화적 구성에서 발견되는 양가성에 초점을 맞추어 개혁 개방 후 40여 년이 지난 오늘날에도 여전히 지속되고 있는 도농이원구조의 정치경제 적·문화적 원리를 조명하는 연구이다. 본고의 요점은 크게 네 가지로 압축된다. 첫째, 개혁개방 후 발생한 도농관계의 급진적인 재구성에도 불구하고 중국의 도농이원구조 와 도농불평등은 여전히 지속되고 있다. 둘째, 도농관계의 문화적 구성을 관통하는 양가성 그리고 이를 기반으로 한 도농관계 재현의 유연성이 중국의 도농이원구조를 재생산하는 문화적·이데올로기적 기제로 작용한다. 셋째, 도농관계의 문화적 구성 그리고 이와 연동되어 재생산되고 있는 도농이원구조가 중국에서 “항구적인 본원적 축 적”을 가능하게 하는 특정한 조건으로 작용하고 있다. 넷째, 이러한 중국 특색의 도 농이원구조가 해체되지 않는 한 농촌부문으로부터의 대규모 가치전유를 기반으로 한 시장사회주의 중국의 본원적 축적은 당분간 지속될 것이다

Seoju is one of the nine weeks of the ancient period, and according to literature records, the construction of Seojuseong Fortress has a long history of 2573. This is the land of Oseongtong-gu, a political and military hub, and flood disasters have frequently led to frequent reconstruction of fortresses. In particular, it is also an important place to show that the function of the fortress is defensive and has a function of preventing floods. This study analyzed the shape of Seojuseong Fortress and the characteristics of urban spaces in the Myeongcheong period through excavation data and literature data.

This study attempted to clarify the modern transition process of the urban space through the construction and change of the Imperial Palace as a central facility in Seoul. The road renovation of Seoul, which started in 1895, has established a modern, circular transportation system centered on Gyeongun-gung Palace, the Imperial Palace along with the tram line. In this urban structure, the imperial palace as a central facility of the former monarchy, unlike the previous palaces, could not be located at the top of a road with a longitudinal axis, and it expanded its territory around foreign legionaries and placed a new government office around the perimeter. However, the royal palace was moved to Changdeokgung Palace in 1907 with the throne of Sunjong. With the creation of Changdeokgung, which is the periphery of Seoul, as new royal palace, the status of the imperial palace in the city was remarkably weakened, and Gyeongun-gung, located in the center of Seoul, was also reduced to the current Deoksugung area, turning into an urban facility facing a modern street.

Considering the situation in the early 20th century when the existing urban system centered on urban areas began to change, the biggest factors causing urban structural changes in urban areas are construction of railroad and urban dismantling. The change process of Eupseong, in the microscopic viewpoint, can be understood as a process of change in the course of dismantlement of town's demarcation, improvement of accessibility and urban expansion due to the construction of railroads, process of urban expansion following the crumbling boundaries and structural changes. This study aimed to look at the transformation process of the Eupseong in the early 20th century, focusing on the demolition of the castle and the railway construction from a microscopic point of view of city.

OP-FTIR(Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared)을 광학적 센서로 활용하여 혹은 유독가스의 옥외 누출 및 농도분포를 신속하게 파악할 수 있는 유해가스 검색시스템을 가상환경 상에 구성하였다. 유해가스의 확산환경은 풍동실험과 유사하도록 CFD 모델을 사용하여 구성하였다. 신속한 연산이 가능하도 록, 1개의 가우스 함수를 사용한 SBFM 기법을 토대로 CT 프로그램을 만들었다. 캐노피 층보다 높은 고도 면에서 CFD 농도장 시뮬레이션으로부터 OP-FTIR 광로 통합농도 신호를 구성하였다. 이 신호를 CT 프로그램에 적용하여 CFD 농도장을 역추정한 후 CFD 결과와 비교해 봄으로써, OP-FTIR을 이용한 관 측시스템의 성능을 평가하였다. 단순한 시스템임에도 불구하고, 비교적 만족스러운 성능을 보였다.

We have focused on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved In modern context from 1930's to 1960's. We have confused Urban Hanok with traditional Hanok, because they have similar figures. But Urban Hanok have the characteristics as a result of the roof construction method. The purpose of this paper is to define Urban Hanok more concretely, thus we payed attention to the roof structure, specially to the comer that each roof structure meets. So we got some characteristics of the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon. First, the roof construction methods of the roof are transformed at the corner parts, where three purlin structure and five purlin structure meet. The collision of the different roof structure has made a lot of types. Second, the roof slope of Urban Hanok is more gentle than traditional Hanok, that is caused by ornamental double eaves and awnings. Finally these characteristics are results of the compact lot size in urban neighborhood. The construction method is a inclusive word that contain materials, composition, ornament and social common sense. With the understanding on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok, we can define the identity and the value of Urban Hanok, And we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Urban Hanok of Bukchon, Seoul.

지구환경의 변화로 홍수빈도 및 강우강도가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 도시유역 내 홍수범람으로 인한 인명 및 재산 피해가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 발생되는 피해에 대하여 과학적이고 기술적인 대응 방안이 필요하며 이를 위한 기술의 개발과 홍수예경보시스템의 연계에 관한 적정 방안을 필요로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 통합중소하천의 예경보 시범유역을 선정하고 이를 위하여 부산시 소재 내 온천천 유역을 시범유역으로 선정하여 홍수예경보를 위한 10분 간격의 실시간 모니터링을 구축하였다. 이는 현장에 설치된 강우계, 수위계, 유량계를 설치하여 이를 원격 시스템으로 데이터를 전송하고 관리할 수 있는 웹사이트를 구축하였다(http://pnuhydro.pusan.ac.kr). 이를 통하여 구축된 DB를 활용하여 도시 유역 내 단기 수문예측모형을 개발하였다. 수문예측모형은 온천천 유역 내 설치되어 있는 실시간 유역 모니터링 시스템의 수집된 자료 중 홍수시 강우사상별로 수문예측모형의 입력자료로 사용하였다. 역전파알고리즘 기반의 인공신경망을 이용하여 2006-2012년의 기간 중 10분 간격의 수위 및 강우 자료를 이용하여 홍수기 시 강우사상별로 자료를 정리 한 후 4가지 강우사상에 대하여 training과 testing 기간으로 나누어 10분부터 60분까지의 수위 예측을 실시하였다. 그 결과 10분 간격의 수위예측에서 10분 간격으로 최대 60분까지 예측한 경우 예측 기간이 길어질수록 예측 정도가 단기 예측에 비하여 RMSE와 CC(상관계수) 값 중 RMSE 커지긴 하지만 상관분석의 결과 및 RMSE 모형 분석 결과는 대체적으로 60분까지 예측 성능이 우수한 편이었다. 이는 실시간 모니터링 시스템에 의하여 DB화한 수문관측자료를 이용하여 역전파알고리즘 기반의 수위예측모형은 도시 유역 내 돌발홍수 및 범람에 대비할 수 있는 대안책으로 추후 효율적인 모니터링 시스템의 운영과 관리에 의한 DB의 축적과 이를 통한 다양한 강우사상에 대한 수문예측모형의 적용으로 그 적용성 평가가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

As urbanization has been expanded in Korea, open spaces, such as urban parks and public sites, have been utilized for other uses, and then this bring out environmental changes for the worse. It is expected that these changes become more serious problems due to overpopulation, increasing individualism, and development of transportation. This research base on the consideration of connecting between decreasing urban green spaces and distributed green sites so as to build the substantial plan for the Green Network construction for urban heat island mitigation in Dalseo district, Daegu Metropolitan City. The result were as follow; 1)Connecting existing natural sites to the remained parks green zone made an Ideal form of Green-Network system. 2)Some school sites were selected for usable open spaces in order to build Green-Network system, and the plan connecting together with exist natural sites was suggested. 3)Moreover, the scheme of planting on the road spaces for connecting green spaces was proposed. 4)The devices of planting on the urban riverside for enhancing the role of urban stream to form green network was conceived.

Today freeway is thought to be a very important transportation facility carrying tremendous traffic flow as the main corridor within the area of between the areas. However freeway is experiencing severe congestion and accidents by increased entrance ramp flow especially at peak time period. Ramp meters on the freeway entrance ramps that supply traffic to the freeway in a measured or appropriately regulated amount are needed for alleviating freeway congestion. Because ramp meters can be operated to discharge traffic at a measured or regulated rate thus maintaining more uniform speed on the mainline section maximizing the throughput to the freeway within the capacity of a downstream bottleneck and reducing the congestion related accidents. Thus the objectives in this study were to analyze the traffic characteristics on the freeway I-94 with ramp metering system before/after ITS technology in Detroit (Michigan) area compare shifts of the traffic characteristics on the freeway I-94 before/after ITS technology and finally suggest a better ramp metering strategy for the freeway system The following results were obtained: i)Flow occupancies and speeds on the mainline merge section of freeway were shown to be a big difference depending on the peak periods areas and directions based on the distribution of traffic flow characteristics on the freeway. ii)Reduced speed was shown to be more than 5 mph and ramp flow was also shown to be more than 240 vph at peak periods if there was the ramp metering system constructed on the freeway. iii)Ramp metering system was shown to be optimally operated on the freeway if ramp flow could be maximized within the range of over 900 vph and reduced occupancy could be also maximized by no more than 2 percent at peak periods. iv)The average flows on the freeway after the ITS technology were shown to be a decrease of over 20% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those flow on the freeway before the ITS technology. over 20% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those speeds on the freeway before the ITS technology. vi)The average metering rates on the freeway after the ITS technology were shown to be an increase of over 10% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those metering rates on the freeway before the ITS technology.