이 연구는 12주간의 숲 길 맨발걷기 운동이 중년여성의 신체요인인 신체조성(체중, 체지 방율, 허리둘레)과 수면시간 및 스트레스 요인(사회적, 인지적, 행동적 스트레스요인)에 미치 는 영향을 검증하고자 진행되었다. 이 연구에 최종적으로 참여한 중년여성 13명(나이: 56.52±2.85 year, 체중: 59.78±6.24 kg, 키: 158.63±4.17 cm)은 12주간 매주 3회의 숲 길 맨 발걷기 운동(1~4주차 : 40분, 50%(%HRR); 5~8주차 : 50분, 55%(%HRR); 9~12주차 : 60분, 60%(%HRR))을 진행하였다. 결과 분석은 SPSS 27.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 각 변인별 평균과 표준편차를 산출하여 자료를 처리하였다. 12주간의 숲 길 맨발걷기운동 프로그램 참여에 따른 신체조성(체중, 체지방율, 허리둘레)요인, 수면시간 그리고 스트레스 요인(사회 적 스트레스요인, 인지적 스트레스요인, 행동적 스트레스요인) 분석은 대응표본 t 검정으로 통계분석을 진행하여 결과를 산출하였다. 중년여성의 12주간 숲 길 맨발걷기 운동 참여는 첫째, 체지방률과 허리둘레가 유의하게 감소되는 효과성이 나타났다. 둘째, 수면시간은 프로 그램 전.후로 평균 약 31분으로 증가되는 양상을 보였으나 통계적으로는 유의한 차이가 나 타나지 않았다. 셋째, 인지적 스트레스요인과 행동적 스트레스요인에서 유의하게 감소되는 효과성이 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 12주간의 자연환경 노출 기반 맨발걷기 운동은 중년여 성의 중심성 비만 개선에 기여하고, 심리적 건강에 긍정적 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사하는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

Background: Visual–gait coupling, in which saccadic eye movements regulate the body’s center of mass (CoM), is fundamental for maintaining dynamic stability. However, previous research has primarily focused on optic flow or dual-task paradigms, leaving the specific influence of parameterizing saccadic visual demands during self-paced locomotion insufficiently explored. Objects: This study investigated how saccadic visual stimulation, varying in direction (horizontal vs. vertical [VT]) and frequency (0.5 vs. 1.1 Hz), modulates spatiotemporal gait characteristics and CoM-based dynamic stability during self-paced walking on a curved non-motorized treadmill. Methods: Twenty-five healthy young adults walked for 30 seconds at a comfortable selfselected pace on a curved non-motorized treadmill under four visual conditions: forward gaze, horizontal saccades at 0.5 Hz, VT saccades at 1.1 Hz, and horizontal saccades at 1.1 Hz. Gait parameters were recorded with inertial sensors and synchronized insoles, and CoM parameters were derived from inertial measurement unit-based segment kinematics. Results: Gait speed, cadence, and stride length were greatest during horizontal saccades at 1.1 Hz, whereas stride time was longest under forward gaze (p < 0.05). Mediolateral (ML) and VT CoM displacements, as well as CoM path length, were significantly larger under horizontal 1.1 Hz compared with forward gaze and VT saccades, indicating amplified postural demands (p < 0.05). Stance duration decreased and swing duration increased during horizontal 1.1 Hz saccades (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Saccadic visual stimulation reorganized propulsion–stability balance during selfpaced walking in a direction- and frequency-specific manner, indicating the need to consider both factors when developing visuomotor gait training strategies to enhance ML control without compromising progression.

Background: Comfortable gait speed after stroke is key to community ambulation, but the roles of step/stride-length mechanics, balance capacity, and balance confidence remain uncertain. Objects: To identify independent determinants of comfortable gait speed in ambulatory adults with chronic stroke and to clarify the roles of spatiotemporal gait mechanics and clinical balance measures. Methods: A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted in 40 inpatients classified as Functional Ambulation Category level 4. Comfortable overground speed from the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) was the outcome. Candidate determinants were stride length, paretic step length, paretic single-limb support, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), limits-of-stability (LOS) area, center of pressure (COP) sway velocity, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC). Pearson correlations with Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate control were primary; Spearman’s ρ and partial correlations (adjusting for stride and paretic step length) tested robustness. Results: Speed was strongly correlated with stride length (r = 0.954) and paretic step length (r = 0.941), with balance capacity (BBS r = 0.916; LOS r = 0.868), and fell as sway increased (COP r = −0.878; all q < 0.001). Single-limb support showed a moderate link (r = 0.734), while ABC was essentially null. After accounting for stride and paretic step length, BBS, LOS, and COP still mattered; single-limb support and ABC did not. A sensitivity analysis using 10MWT time (s) as the outcome produced associations of similar magnitude: stride length and BBS, which were positively associated with gait speed, were negatively associated with time, whereas COP sway, which was negatively associated with gait speed, was positively associated with time. Conclusion: In ambulatory adults with chronic stroke, comfortable gait speed appears to be driven primarily by step/stride-length mechanics and objective balance capacity, whereas balance confidence did not add explanatory value in this cohort. Speed-focused rehabilitation may need to prioritize both step-length mechanics and balance capacity, while the role of confidence appears limited in this dataset.

Background: Turtleneck posture has become increasingly common due to prolonged computer and smartphone use. Walking exercise has been reported to improve postural alignment; however, the effects of inclined backward treadmill walking on turtleneck posture remain unclear. Objectives: To determine whether backward treadmill walking with incline produces greater improvements in turtleneck posture compared with flat backward treadmill walking. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty university students (20–29 years) with FHP were randomly assigned to two groups: inclined backward treadmill walking (n=20) and flat backward treadmill walking (n=20). Both groups performed 15 minutes of exercise, three times per week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included Neck Disability Index (NDI), Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), and Cervical Apex (CA). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests with α=.05. Results: Significant within-group improvements in NDI were observed in the incline group (P<.05), but not in the flat group. Both groups showed significant improvements in CVA (P<.05). Between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Backward treadmill walking improved turtleneck posture regardless of incline, with inclined walking yielding greater within-group improvement in NDI. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations are warranted.

최근 쌍추진기를 장착한 여객선의 도입이 증가하고 있다. 쌍추진 여객선은 독립적인 추진기와 방향타 조작을 통해 뛰어난 조 종 성능을 발휘하나, 일반적인 단축선에 비해 과도한 횡경사(heel angle)를 유발할 수 있으며, 이는 여객의 보행 안전에 직접적인 영향을 미 친다. 본 연구는 쌍추진 여객선의 횡경사각이 여객의 보행 안전에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 모형선 실험과 실선 시운 전 자료를 바탕으로 GM별, 선속별 횡경사각을 계산하였으며, 한국인 성인 남녀의 신체 계측 자료와 Motion-Induced Interruptions(MII) 이론 을 적용하여 보행 중 전도 임계각(tipping angle)을 산정하였다. 연구 결과, GM이 작고 고속으로 큰 타각을 사용해 회두할 경우, 사람의 전 도 임계각을 초과하는 횡경사가 발생할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 실증 보행 실험을 통해, 선체 기울기가 20° 이상일 때 보행 곤란, 30° 이상일 때 보행 불가를 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로, 고속 기동 중 타각 제한, 최소 GM 기준, 횡경사 발생 시 여객 이동 제한에 대한 안전 기준 마련의 필요성을 제안하였다.

Background: Stroke patients often exhibit excessive kyphosis of the spine and a forward head posture (FHP), which negatively impacts their daily activities. These postural abnormalities not only negatively affect functional movement but also exacerbate musculoskeletal problems. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of backward walking on FHP in stroke patients. Design: Single-case experimental design (A-B-A’ design). Methods: The study was conducted over a total of 8 weeks, comprising 24 sessions: 3 baseline sessions (A), 18 intervention sessions (B), and 3 regression baseline sessions (A'). No backward walking intervention was performed during baseline (A) and regression baseline (A’). To determine changes in FHP, the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was measured at all sessions. Results: The CVA increased in the intervention (B) and regression baseline (A’) compared to the baseline (A). Conclusion: Backward walking was effective in improving FHP, and the effect was maintained after intervention (B) in patients with stroke. Therefore, backward walking was effective in improving the postural alignment of stroke patients.

Background: Limited ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) is associated with mechanical dysfunctions and chronic ankle instability. Uphill treadmill walking exercise (UTWE) has the potential to improve ankle mobility and function. Objects: This study aimed to examine the immediate effects of a 15° UTWE on DF ROM and torque generation in patients with limited DF. Methods: The study included 20 adults, comprising 10 males and 10 females, with a mean age 28 years and a passive DF range of 5°–12°. After baseline assessments, participants completed 30 minutes of UTWE on a 15° incline treadmill, followed by post-assessments. DF ROM was evaluated during the stance phase of gait, and in both open-kinematic-chain (OKC) and closed-kinematic-chain (CKC) conditions using a goniometer and Image J software. DF and plantar flexion (PF) peak torque were measured with a Biodex Dynamometer. Results: Post intervention, maximum DF ROM during the stance phase of gait increased significantly from a mean of 8.54° ± 3.97° to 11.03° ± 4.41°. The DF ROM in the OKC and CKC conditions increased significantly from a mean of 8.90° ± 0.62° and 21.55° ± 0.72° to 18.00° ± 1.13° and 28.20° ± 1.00°, respectively (p < 0.0001). DF peak torque increased from 16.20 ± 1.28 N/m to 21.52 ± 1.39 N/m, and PF peak torque increased from 25.26 ± 2.51 N/m to 44.22 ± 4.20 N/m (p < 0.0002). Conclusion: UTWE significantly enhanced DF ROM and ankle torque, indicating that it may be an effective intervention for improving ankle function and preventing injury in clinical and rehabilitation settings.

본 연구는 액티브 명상의 방법 중 걷기 명상과 관련 연구에 대한 국내 연 구동향을 살펴보기 위하여 실시되었다. 이를 위해 2024년 9월까지 국내에서 발간된 걷기 명상에 관한 논문 19편을 대상으로 2명의 평정자가 발행연도, 논 문성격, 연구대상, 연구주제, 연구방법을 기준으로 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다 음과 같다. 첫째, 걷기 명상을 주제로 한 논문은 2004년도 학위논문 1편을 시 작으로 이후 지난 20년간 꾸준히 발행되고 있었다. 둘째, 연구대상에 따른 연 구동향에서 연구대상은 유아가, 성별로는 여성이 많았다. 셋째, 연구주제에 따른 연구동향에서 연구자가 분류한 5개의 주제영역 중 기타 영역, 정서 영 역, 생물학적 영역의 순으로 연구주제가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 연구방 법에 따른 연구동향에서는 양적연구가 가장 많았다. 이러한 연구결과에 따른 시사점과 제언을 하였다.

보행 활동은 도시의 교통 및 환경 문제, 주민의 건강, 지역 커뮤니티 활성화 등에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 평가되고 있다. 보행의 중요성이 인지되면서 세계각국에서는 보행을 장려하는 도시건조환경을 만들기 위해 다양한 노력을 기울이고 있으 며, 이는 우리나라에서도 법제도적으로 나타나고 있다. 보행환경을 관리하고 개선하기 위해서는 물리적인 보행환경을 가로 단위 상세수준에서 평가하고, 시민들의 보행환경에 대한 인지가 어떤지를 아는 것이 필요하다. 기존에 이러한 연구들은 대부분 설문조사나 일부지역에 한 해 현장조사를 수행하는 방법이 주를 이루었다. 본 연구에서는 거리영상과 딥러닝 기술을 활용하여 가로단위 상세수준에서의 물리적 보행환경과 인지적 보행환경을 평가하고, 이를 비교하고자 한다. 물리적 보행환경 평가를 위해 평가지표를 선정하고, 평가지표별로 거리영상의 시멘틱 세그먼테이션 기법을 활용하거나 표고 자료, PoI자료를 크롤링한 후 관련 데이터를 구축하고 평가점수를 도출하였다. 인지적 보행환경 평가를 위해 거리영상에 대한 인지를 예측할 수 있도록 훈련데이타 셋을 구축하고, RSS-Swin모델을 훈련시켜 보행환경 인지점수를 예측할 수 있도록 하였다. 물리적 보행환경과 인지적 보행환경 지도를 구축하고, 각각의 특성과 차이를 분석하고, 이를 통해 보행환경 개선안을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 물리적 보행환경과 인지적 보행환경의 시각화하고 차이를 분석하여 개선안을 도출하였다는 점에 연구의 의의가 있으며, 기술적인 측면에서는 거리영상과 딥러닝 기술을 활용하여 도시의 가로단위에서 보행환경을 상세하게 평가할 수 있는 방법론을 체계화하였 다는 점에 의의가 있다

본 연구는 중년 여성의 건강 관리와 비만 예방에 있어 중요한 요소로 알려진 걷기 운동의 경사도에 따른 에너지 대사 변화를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 대상은 50대 여성 20명으 로 선정되었으며, 각기 다른 경사도(0%와 6%)에서 VO2max의 50%, 60%, 70% 강도로 운동을 수행하도록 하였다. 실험은 트 레드밀을 이용하여 진행되었으며, 호흡가스분석기를 통해 에너지 소비량과 지방 연소량을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 지방연소량은 경사 도 6%가 0%에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 하지만 강도에 따 라 에너지소비량은 증가하였으나 0%와 6%의 경사도에서는 차이 가 나타나지 않았다. 이 연구는 중년 여성의 비만 예방을 위한 효 율적인 운동 강도와 경사도 설정에 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있다.

Background: Most patients with chronic stroke have difficulty walking, and various exercise methods are used clinically to improve the disability. Among them, various methods are being applied to improve walking through torso movement. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of Maitland vertebra joint mobilization exercise and Evjenth trunk muscle stretching exercise on the walking ability of patients with hemiparesis due to chronic stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: In this study, 30 chronic stroke patients with hemiplegia were divided into 15 patients in the Maitland vertebra joint mobilization group (MVJMG) and 15 in the Evjenth trunk muscle stretching exercise group (ETMSEG), and the intervention was conducted for 3 weeks, 5 times a week, 30 minutes a day. After the intervention, walking ability was measured using a gait analyzer. Results: In terms of walking ability, there was a significant increase in walking rate, walking speed, and stride length following the intervention in both the MVJMG and ETMSEG groups (P<.05). When comparing the difference in walking ability between the two groups, there was no significant difference in walking rate. Conclusion: The study found that both Maitland vertebra joint mobilization and Evjenth trunk muscle stretching exercises were effective for improving walking function in chronic stroke patients. However, there was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two interventions.

Background: Treadmill training is an effective intervention method for improving the walking ability of stroke patients, and taping is effective for stabilizing joints. However, taping interventions have not been implemented during treadmill training. Objectives: To examine whether treadmill training with an elastic tape or treadmill training with a non-elastic tape could be more effective in stroke patients. Design: A single blinded, randomized, controlled, comparative study. Methods: 22 stroke patients were randomly allocated to two groups: the elastic group (treadmill gait training with ankle elastic tape on the paretic side) or the non-elastic group (treadmill gait training with non-elastic tape on the paretic side). All participants performed 60 min of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and treadmill training with an elastic tape or non-elastic tape for 20 min. Results: 10-meter walk test and timed up-and-go test results after training differed significantly from baseline in both groups (P<.05), but significantly larger gains were observed in the elastic group (10-meter walk test, -17.1%; timed up-and-go test, -18.49%; P<.05, respectively). Conclusion: Treadmill gait training with elastic tape on the affected ankle joint might be more effective at improving the walking and balancing abilities of stroke patients.

오늘날 우리는 세계기독교와 후기식민주의적 선교의 시대에 살고 있다. 이 글은 이러한 시대에 맞는 협력 선교의 새로운 접근으로 “우정과 동행의 선교”를 제안한다. 이것은 협력 선교의 형제/자매애를 강조하는 접근이다. 우정과 동행의 선교는 2015년에 가톨릭 선교의 새로운 방향으로 제시되었던 “시노달리타스(동행)”의 선교를 신학적 근거로 삼는다. 이어서 이 글은 우정과 동행의 선교의 구체적인 여정으로 1. 함께 열린 대화하기, 2. 자원/경험을 함께 나누기, 3. 함께 세상을 향하여 증거하기의 세 단계로 제안하였다. 마지막으로, 우정과 동행의 선교가 구체적으로 개인적 삶에 어떻게 구현될 수 있는지를 설명하기 위해서 개인적인 우정의 선교 이야기를 세 가지 사례로 제시하였다.

The walking-stick insects, Ramulus mikado, are outbreaks in several mountainous areas from 2020 to 2022. In recent, some population of the insect are showed rapidly decline in their abundance, while some of them are still maintained high population density. In worldwide, insects belonging to Phasmida are reported to outbreak in their habitats as mentioned above environments, but knowledge about outbreak pattern of the walking-stick insects is still lacking. In this study, we aimed which biological and environmental factors are related to wax and wane of the insect population. From 2022 to 2023, we studied host tree preferences in natural conditions, ecological stoichiometry in major host trees, overwintering ecology of R. mikado eggs, and infection rate by entomophathogenic fungi during growing season.

Degenerative arthritis is a common joint disease that affects many elderly people and is typically diagnosed through radiography. However, the need for remote diagnosis is increasing because knee pain and walking disorders caused by degenerative arthritis make face-to-face treatment difficult. This study collects three-dimensional joint coordinates in real time using Azure Kinect DK and calculates 6 gait features through visualization and one-way ANOVA verification. The random forest classifier, trained with these characteristics, classified degenerative arthritis with an accuracy of 97.52%, and the model's basis for classification was identified through classification algorithm by features. Overall, this study not only compensated for the shortcomings of existing diagnostic methods, but also constructed a high-accuracy prediction model using statistically verified gait features and provided detailed prediction results.

Background: The elderly population is increasing rapidly worldwide. Muscle mass, usual walking speed (UWS), knee extension strength (KES), hand grip strength (HGS), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and depression is used for sarcopenia diagnosis. All four of these factors (KES, HGS, PEF, and depression) correlated with UWS and also to muscle mass. But, many studies have suggested that no correlation exists between muscle mass and UWS. Objects: This study aimed: 1) to investigate whether muscle mass reduction affected UWS, as mediated by KES, HGS, PEF and depression, and 2) to explored whether significant changes in these mediators varied by the body segment in which muscle mass evaluated in elderly female aged 65–80 years. Methods: A total of 100 female aged 65–80 years were surveyed. Muscle mass was measured by body segment (upper and lower segment), and KES, HGS, PEF, depression, and UWS were also assessed. Median analyses were progressed in IBM SPSS software (ver. 23.0, IBM Co.) using a downloaded INDIRECT macro. Results: The direct effect of the KES and PEF were significant, and the indirect effect of KES and PEF were not significant. Thus, KES and PEF served as full mediators of the effect of muscle mass on UWS. Regardless of bodily region, KES and PEF combined with muscle mass were significant mediators of UWS, with similar indirect effect sizes. Conclusion: KES and PEF are the only mediators regardless of body part. Therefore, mediating the KES and PEF may prevent sarcopenia progression in elderly female. Also, sarcopenia can be readily assessed by evaluating either the upper or lower body; it is not necessary to measure total muscle mass.