The theoretical capacity of silicon-based anode materials is more than 10 times higher than the capacity of graphite, so silicon can be used as an alternative to graphite anode materials. However, silicon has a much higher contraction and expansion rate due to lithiation of the anode material during the charge and discharge processes, compared to graphite anode materials, resulting in the pulverization of silicon particles during repeated charge and discharge. To compensate for the above issues, there is a growing interest in SiOx materials with a silica or carbon coating to minimize the expansion of the silicon. In this study, spherical silica (SiO2) was synthesized using TEOS as a starting material for the fabrication of such SiOx through heating in a reduction atmosphere. SiOx powder was produced by adding PVA as a carbon source and inducing the reduction of silica by the carbothermal reduction method. The ratio of TEOS to distilled water, the stirring time, and the amount of PVA added were adjusted to induce size and morphology, resulting in uniform nanosized spherical silica particles. For the reduction of the spherical monodisperse silica particles, a nitrogen gas atmosphere mixed with 5 % hydrogen was applied, and oxygen atoms in the silica were selectively removed by the carbothermal reduction method. The produced SiOx powder was characterized by FE-SEM to examine the morphology and size changes of the particles, and XPS and FT-IR were used to examine the x value (O/Si ratio) of the synthesized SiOx.

To achieve permanent disposal of radioactive waste drums, the radionuclides analysis process is essential. A variety of waste types are generated through the operation of nuclear facilities, with dry active waste (DAW) being the most abundant. To perform radionuclides analysis, sample pretreatment technology is required to transform solid samples into solutions. In this study, we developed a dry ashing-microwave digestion method and secured the reliability of the analysis results through a validity evaluation. Additionally, we conducted a comparative analysis of the radioactivity of 94Nb nuclides with and without the chemical separation process, which reduced the minimum detectable activity (MDA) level by more than 65-fold for a certain sample.

Various dry active wastes (DAWs) have been accumulated in nuclear power plants since the DAWs are mostly combustible. KAERI has developed a thermochemical treatment process for the used decontamination paper as an operational waste to substitute for incineration process and to decontaminate radionuclides from the DAWs. The thermochemical process is composed of thermal decomposition in a closed vessel, chlorination of carbonated DAWs, separation of soluble chlorides captured in water by hydroxide precipitation, and immobilization of the precipitate. This study examined the third and fourth steps in the process to immobilize Co-60 by fabricating a stable wasteform. Precipitation behaviors were investigated in the chloride solution by adding 10 M KOH. It was shown that the precipitates were composed of Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3. Then, the glass-ceramic wasteform for the precipitates were produced by adding additive mixtures in which silica and boron oxide were blended with various ratios. The wasteform was evaluated in terms of volume reduction ratio, bulk density, compressive strength, and leachability.

본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 가족응집성과 생활만족도의 관계를 알아보 고, 가족응집성과 생활만족도의 관계에서 적극적 스트레스 대처의 매개 효과를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 만 65세 이상의 노인 286명을 대상으로 경로분석과 부트스트래핑을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첫 째, 노인의 가족응집성은 적극적 스트레스 대처와 생활만족도에 통계적 으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 노인의 적극적 스트레스 대처는 생 활만족도에 유의미하였다. 셋째, 노인의 가족응집성과 생활만족도의 관계 에서 적극적 스트레스 대처의 역할을 살펴본 결과 매개효과가 있음을 검 증하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 논의와 후속연구 제언을 하였다.

본 연구는 청소년의 온라인 활용에서 부모의 적극적 중재, 디지털 리터러시, 온라인 기회, 그리고 자기조절 등에 미치는 영향을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 연 구 목적을 달성하기 위해 중·고등학생을 대상으로 2022년 2월 26일부터 3월 12 일까지 2주 동안 인스타그램을 통한 온라인 설문조사를 활용하여 수집하였으며, 응답한 469부의 데이터를 이용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석을 위해서 SPSS와 Smart PLS 프로그램을 활용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 부모의 적극적 중 재는 디지털 리터러시, 온라인 기회, 자기조절에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 디지털 리터러시는 온라인 기회, 자기조절을 높이는 것으로 나타 났으며, 자기조절은 온라인 기회를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 부모의 적극적 중재와 온라인 기회의 관계에서 디지털 리터러시, 자기조절의 경로가 매 개 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 시사점은 부모 중재와 온라인 기회 관계에 있어 디지털 리터러시와 청소년의 자기조절 능력이 영향을 미치는지를 살 펴본 것이다.

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is a persistent aromatic compound widely associated with environmental pollutants. Given its persistence and possible bioaccumulation, exploring a feasible technique to eradicate BDE209 efficiently is critical for today’s environmentally sustainable societies. Herein, an advanced nanocomposite is elaborately constructed, in which a large number of titanium dioxide ( TiO2) nanoparticles are anchored uniformly on two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets ( TiO2/GO) via a modified Hummer’s method and subsequent solvothermal treatment to achieve efficient photocatalytic degradation BDE209. The obtained TiO2/ GO photocatalyst has excellent photocatalytic due to the intense coupling between conductive GO nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles. Under the optimal photocatalytic degradation test conditions, the degradation efficiency of BDE209 is more than 90%. In addition, this study also provides an efficient route for designing highly active catalytic materials.

본 연구는 교도관의 적극적인 교정처우에 걸림돌이 되는 수용자와의 갈등환경 및 실태를 살펴보고 이에 대한 개선방향을 모색하였다. 교정시설 수용자들은 2017년부터 2021년까지 5년간 국가인권위원회에 진정 3,225 건, 진정 21,707건 등 권리구제를 신청했지만 인정률은 0.4%에 그쳤다. 수용자의 과 도한 구제요청은 교도관의 직무스트레스를 가중시키고 수용자와의 갈등을 유발하여 교 도관의 적극적인 교정처우를 어렵게 만든다. 따라서 수용자의 권리구제를 위한 장치가 교도관의 적극적인 교정처우에 걸림돌이 되지 않고 오히려 지원장치로 작용할 수 있도 록 관련 법과 제도를 개선할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 개선방안을 제시 하였다. 첫째, 미국 PREA에 준하는 수용자권리구제법을 제정할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 수 용자 권리구제의 개념, 범위, 절차, 한계 등을 보다 명확히 규정할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 교정공무원의 건강과 안전, 복지에 관한 기본법을 제정할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 극심한 직무스트레스로 인한 정신건강 위험성을 사전에 진단하고 치료하여 경찰공무원 수준의 보건안전 및 복지서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 한다. 셋째, 과밀로 인한 각종 민 원과 갈등을 해소하기 위한 교정시설의 적극적인 개선이 필요하다. 넷째, 수용자의 고 령화에 따른 교정처우 프로그램 및 시설 개선이 필요하다. 수용자의 급격한 고령화는 만성질환, 우울증 등 각종 노인성 증후군으로 이어져 기존 치료 프로그램으로는 한계 가 있다. 다섯째, 수용자들이 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 고충처리 사례집을 마련한다. 이 를 통해 수용자의 과도한 구제신청을 줄이고, 교도관과의 관계 회복을 촉진하며, 교도 관이 적극적인 교정처우에 전념할 수 있는 여건을 조성하는 데 기여할 수 있다.

This research not only determined the preference of fashion brand distribution channels of active Korean and Chinese seniors who became major consumers in the fashion industry, but also analyzed the effect on these preferences and choices of distribution channels depending on personal consumption characteristics and differences between the two groups. Data was collected by a professional survey firm. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for empirical analysis, and frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, EFA, reliability analysis, CFA, SEM, and multiple-group comparison analysis were performed. As a result of multiple response analysis, the offline channel was revealed as the preferred fashion distribution channel for active Korean and Chinese seniors; the second most popular was the online channel. The results of multiple-group comparison analysis reveal differences between two groups in seeking emotional consumption via the offline channel; the effect was only evident for active Korean seniors. A difference in seeking emotional consumption via preference for online channel also existed, but only for active Chinese seniors. For these reasons, marketers targeting active Korean seniors will be effective to not only offer brand information by fashion display to let seniors understand the fashion brand, but also to have brand events to form positive emotions toward the fashion brand. Moreover, targeting active Chinese seniors will be necessary to transmit brand sensibility by utilizing metaverse marketing comprising various factors, so that consumers can enjoy the fashion brand.

Dry active wastes (DAWs) are a type of combustible radioactive solid waste, which includes decontamination paper, protective clothing, filters, plastic bags, etc. generated from operating nuclear facilities and decommissioning projects. The volume of DAWs could be increased over time, disadvantage to higher disposal costs and space utilitization of disposal site. Additionally, incineration methods cannot be applied to DAWs, unlike general environmental waste, due to concerns about air pollution and the release of harmful chemicals with radioactive nuclides into the atmosphere. Recently, KAERI developed an alternative thermochemical process for reducing the volume of DAW, which involves a step-wise approach, including carbonization, chlorination, and solidification. The purpose of this process is to selectively separate the radioactive nuclides from carbonized DAWs that are less than clearance criteria, which can be disposed of as non-radioactive waste. In this research, we investigated the thermal decomposition characteristics of DAWs using nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis, which was performed with different categorized wastes and heating conditions. As a result, the cellulose DAWs such as decontamination paper and cotton were thermally decomposed in three or four-step depending on the heating conditions. On the other hand, the hydrocarbon and rubber DAWs such as plastic bags and latex were thermally decomposed in one or two-step. Therefore, it could be suggested the thermochemical treatment conditions that minimize the decomposition of DAWs by controlling the reaction steps, and we will try to apply these results for cellulose type DAWs such as decontamination paper and cotton, which is generated majorly from the nuclear facilities in the future.

Thermal treatment, such as combustion, is the most effective way to solve the spatial problem of radioactive waste disposal. Existing incineration technology has the problem of discharging harmful pollutants (CO2 and dioxin, etc.) into the environment. Therefore, it was evaluate the validity of the thermal treatment process that can reduce the volume of dry active waste (DAW) in an eco-friendly. In addition, the stability of the alternative incineration process under development was evaluated by evaluating the emission of harmful pollutants to the environment during the thermal treatment process. We selected 14 samples identical to those discarded by each nuclear power plant (Kori, Saeul, Wolsong, Hanbit, Hanul). And EA (Elemental Analysis) analysis was performed on each sample. As a result, excluded samples containing wastes containing POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) such as PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls), which could generate harmful pollutants during thermal treatment, and halogenated organic wastes such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride). In addition, the thermal treatment conditions for the four DAWs were derived by Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) analysis. At this time, Py-GC/MS analysis was performed at the temperature at which each waste causes thermal decomposition (cotton is 437°C, paper is 562°C, latex glove is 430°C, plastic bag is 485°C). As a result of analyzing the exhaust gas produced during thermal decomposition, about 77.0% of the cotton was Benzoic acid series, the paper was 41.1% Glucopyranose series, and 15.8% hydroxy acetaldehyde. Latex glove was identified to be 45.9% and 19.2% for Limonene and 2-methyl-1, 3-Butadiene, and for plastic bags, Octacosanol and 2-octyl-1-Dodecanol were 38.8% and 15.2%. In addition, it was confirmed that dioxin and harmful heavy metals, which are discussed as environmental risks, were not detected in all samples.

To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of submerged culture using Cordyceps militaris mycelium, culture-including mycelia was extracted and lyophilized into postbiotics (hot-water extract; CM-HW). HW was fractionated into crude polysaccharide (CM-CP) by ethanol precipitation, and CM-CP was further dialyzed into CM-DCP by dialysis with running water using 12~14 kDa dialysis tube. When the cytotoxicity of subfractions against cells was assessed, no subfraction had a cytotoxic impact that was substantially different from the control groups. In an inflammatory model using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, CM-DCP significantly decreased IL-6 and MCP-1 production levels compared to the LPS-control group. CM-DCP also inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. In the meanwhile, the neutral sugar content and mannose ratio of anti-inflammatory CM-DCP were higher than the other fractions, and CM-DCP contained β-1,3/1,6-glucan of 216.1 mg/g. High pressure size exclusion chromatography revealed that CM-DCP contained molecules with a molecular weight range of 5.6 to 144.0 kDa. In conclusion, postbiotics of C. militaris mycelium significantly promoted anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting that neutral polysaccharides including Glc and Man contribute to the anti-inflammation in RAW 264.7 or HaCaT cells.