본 연구는 혁신 생태계 조성을 통한 경제성장 뿐만 아니라 자기고용을 통한 실업해소, 성장 단계별 적절한 인재 채용을 통한 고용창출 등 작금에 우리가 직 면한 사회·경제적 문제를 해결하기 위한 수단으로 창업이 매력적인 대안이 될 수 있음을 전제하였다. 나아가, 이와 같은 전제를 바탕으로 실질창업 활성화에서 중요한 것은 기회인식임을 제안하였고 기회인식에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 규명 하였다. 구체적으로, 기업가정신이 기회발견행동 및 창업기회인식에 미치는 영향 과 기회발견행동이 창업기회인식에 미치는 영향을 구조방정식 모델을 통해 실증 하였다. 또한 기업가정신과 창업기회인식의 관계에서 기회발견행동의 매개효과를 실증하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 기업가정신은 창업기회인식은 물론 기회발견행동을 구성하는 4개의 하위변수에 모두 통계적으로 매우 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으 로 나타났다. 둘째, 기회발견행동의 하위 변수 중 관찰과 아이디어 네트워킹은 창업기회인식에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기 업가정신이 창업기회인식에 미치는 영향에서 아이디어 네트워킹의 매개효과가 검증되었다. 본 연구는 이상의 실증분석 결과를 바탕으로 기업가정신 및 창업교 육 혁신을 중심으로 이론적·실무적 시사점을 제안하였음에 의의가 있다.

In this study, the structural integrity of the composite rocket motor case of a space launch vehicle was evaluated by conducting compression and bending tests. Two composite rocket motor case specimens with different stacking patterns were prepared for each test, and a dedicated jig was designed and manufactured. The test procedure was developed and applied separately for compression and bending tests. By performing these tests, the composite rocket motor case structural safety was assessed.

This study examined the determinants of healthy food purchases before and after COVID-19 in Korea. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to Korea Rural Economic Institute's Food Consumer Behavior Survey data from 2019 to 2021. The analysis revealed a significant decrease in the non-intake of healthy food in 2021 compared to 2019, suggesting the impact of COVID-19 on healthy food consumption. Consumption patterns also changed, with a decrease in direct purchases and an increase in gift-based purchases. Several variables showed significant effects on healthy food intake. Single-person households exhibited a higher probability of eating healthy food after COVID-19. The group perceiving themselves as healthy had a lower likelihood of consuming healthy food pre-COVID-19, but this changed after the pandemic. Online food purchases, eco-friendly food purchases, and nut consumption showed a gradual decrease in the probability of non-intake over time. Gender and age also influenced healthy food intake. The probability of eating healthy food increased in the older age group compared to the younger group, and the probability increased significantly after COVID-19. The probability of buying gifts was significantly higher in those in their 60s, indicating that the path to obtaining healthy food differed by age.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between household economic changes by COVID-19 and dietary habits in Korean adolescents. The study analyzed data from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2021. A total of 54,848 middle and high school students, 28,401 males and 26,447 females, participated in this study. COVID-19 lead to deterioration of household economy in the lower level of household economic status (p<0.001). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits such as lower breakfast intake, and higher fast food, soda drinks, and sweet drinks consumption (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that deterioration of household economic status was significantly decreased in frequency of breakfast intake (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.67~0.80). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was also significantly associated with increased frequency of fast food (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.16~1.41), soda drinks (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.30~1.56) and sweet drinks (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24~1.46) consumption (p<0.001). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the change in household economy caused by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits in adolescents. As the household economy deteriorated, there was an increase in undesirable dietary habits including skipping breakfast and fast food consumption.

In this study, the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) was applied to analyze consumers’ intention to purchase meal kits. The perception of ESG management practiced by companies was used as a moderating variable to investigate its influence and moderating effects between each variable. An online survey was conducted over 4 days in January 2023 on consumers aged 20 years or older who had purchased meal kits within 6 months. Hypotheses were tested using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs with an effective sample size of 324 copies (100%). Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, perceived sustainable package, and price sensitivity of the theory of planned behavior toward meal kit products had a significant positive effect on purchase intention, and all research hypotheses were accepted. The moderating effect of consumers' perceptions of ESG management practiced by companies had a positive and significant effect on attitude and perceived behavioral control.

In this research, we examined the shifts in determinants influencing the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases pre- and post-COVID-19. Our analysis utilized filtered 2019-2021 Consumption Behavior Survey data from the Korea Rural Economic Institute Food, excluding any irrational responses. Given the nature of the dependent variable, a multinomial logistic regression model was employed with demographic factors, variables pertaining to food consumption behavior, and variables concerning food consumption awareness as predictors. Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, an individual's level of education was observed to positively influence the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases. In contrast, income level and fluctuations in food consumption expenditure did not appear to have a discernible impact on the purchasing frequency of such eco-friendly products. Irrespective of the advent of COVID-19, variables such as the frequency of online food purchases, the utilization of early morning delivery services, dining out frequency, and the intake of health-functional foods consistently demonstrated a positive correlation with the propensity to purchase eco-friendly foods. Overall, consumers prioritizing safety, quality, and nutrition over price, taste, and convenience in their procurement decisions for rice, vegetables, meat, and processed foods exhibit an increased inclination toward the acquisition of eco-friendly food products.

Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was one of widely used per- and poly substances(PFAS) in the industrial field and its concentration in the surface and groundwater was found with relatively high concentration compared to other PFAS. Since various processes have been introduced to remove the PFOA, adsorption using GAC is well known as a useful and effective process in water and wastewater treatment. Surface modification for GAC was carried out using Cu and Fe to enhance the adsorption capacity and four different adsorbents, such as GAC-Cu, GAC-Fe, GAC-Cu(OH)2, GAC-Fe(OH)3 were prepared and compared with GAC. According to SEM-EDS, the increase of Cu or Fe was confirmed after surface modification and higher weight was observed for Cu and Fe hydroxide(GAC-Cu(OH)2 and GAC-Fe(OH)3, respectively). BET analysis showed that the surface modification reduced specific surface area and total pore volumes. The highest removal efficiency(71.4%) was obtained in GAC-Cu which is improved by 17.9% whereas the use of Fe showed lower removal efficiency compared to GAC. PFOA removal was decreased with increase of solution pH indicating electrostatic interaction governs at low pH and its effect was decreased when the point of zero charges(pzc) was negatively increased with an increase of pH. The enhanced removal of PFOA was clearly observed in solution pH 7, confirming the Cu in the surface of GAC plays a role on the PFOA adsorption. The maximum uptake was calculated as 257 and 345 μg/g for GAC and GAC-Cu using Langmuir isotherm. 40% and 80% of removal were accomplished within 1 h and 48 h. According to R2, only the linear pseudo-second-order(pso) kinetic model showed 0.98 whereas the others obtained less than 0.870.

이 연구는 음주라는 고전적인 청소년의 일탈과 범죄의 주요한 영향요인을 보호관찰 대상 청소년일 경우, 보호관찰 위반 행위에 미치는 요인인지를 실증연구를 통하여 검 증하고, 소년 보호관찰대상자들을 관리･감독을 하는데 있어 강화 요인으로 보고자 하 였다. 이를 위해 한국형사정책연구원의 ‘소년원생의 안정적 사회정착을 위한 실태조사 및 정책지원 방안 연구’의 2차 데이터자료를 활용하였으며, 통계분석프로그램을 활용 하여, 최종적으로 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 소년원 출소 후 보호관 찰 대상 청소년의 음주 문제행동이 보호관찰 기간 동안의 경고 또는 위반 행위 등의 경험에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 남자 청소년보다 여자 청소년이 보호관찰 기간 동안 준수사항 위반 수준이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 근거로 하 여, 보호관찰 소년대상들의 음주 위험 수준에 대한 교육 및 지도 강화를 통해 비행, 문제 행동 및 범죄를 예방하는 정책적 방안에 근거자료로 활용하기를 기대한다.

본 연구는 썹 시술이 여성의 이미지 변화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 그리고 속눈썹 시술 이 여성의 뷰티 행동에 어떤 변화를 가져오는지 살펴보고자 하였다 또한 여성의 속눈썹 시술과 뷰티행동에 대한 실태조사를 통해 속눈썹 시술이 여성의 이미지변화에 미치는 영향 과 뷰티행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 여성의 뷰티행동에 대한 시사 점을 제시함으로써 여성의 뷰티행동에 대한 이해를 높이고 여성의 뷰티행동을 개선하는 데 기여하고 속눈썹 시술의 시장성 및 발전 방향을 제시를 연구의 목적으로 하였다 본 연 구를 위하여 서울지역 속눈썹 시술 전문 샵 방문자를 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수 집하여 대상자의 일반적 특성과 속눈썹 시술 이용행태 시술 관련 인식 현황을 살펴보기 위해 빈도분석 을 실시하였다 또한 속눈썹 시술경험이 있는 조사대상 자를 대상으로 조사대상자의 특성과 속눈썹 시술 이용행태에 따른 시술 비용 수준 인식 차 이 만족도 차이 시술 후 미적 주관적 자신감 증대 차이 지속적 속눈썹 시술 의향 차이를 살펴보기 위해 카이제곱 검정을 실시하였다 본 연구결과 속눈썹 시술이 여성 의 외모와 심리적 상태에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있고 여성의 외모를 변화시켜 자신감과 자존감을 높이는 데 도움이 될 수 있고 이는 속눈썹 시술이 여성의 외모와 심리적 상 태에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 나타났다

본 연구는 멕시코에 진출한 국내 다국적기업 해외자회사의 기업의 사회적 책임(corporate social responsibility; 이하 CSR) 활동이 현지 근로자들의 정서적 몰입을 통해 창의적 행동에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 더불어 정서적 몰입이 창의적 행동에 미치는 긍정적인 효과를 촉진시키는 상황조건으로서 평가 공정성 및 직무 자율성을 제시하 였다. 선행연구들은 기업의 CSR 전략이 기업수준의 성과변수에 미치는 영향에 주로 초점을 맞춘 반면, 기업의 해외 진출 경쟁이 치열함에도 불구하고 해외자회사의 CSR 활동에 대한 현지 직원들의 실제 인지 수준을 측정하여 개인수준에서 매우 중요한 변수인 창의적 행동으로 연결되기까지의 메커니즘과 상황조건에 대해 심도있게 고찰한 연구는 상당히 미비하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현지 경영활동에서 외국인 비용을 극복하는데 중요한 전략이 될 수 있는 현지 CSR 활동과 조직 내부의 제도적 요인들이 현지 근로자들의 창의적 행동에 미치는 효과를 개인수준에 서 통합적인 관점으로 살펴보는데 주목하였다. 멕시코 현지 근로자 192명을 대상으로 분석을 실시한 결과, 현지 직원들이 인지하는 해외자회사의 CSR 활동은 그들의 정서적 몰입과 정의 관계를 나타냈으며, 정서적 몰입은 창의적 행동과 정의 관계를 보였다. 더불어 인지된 해외자회사의 CSR 활동과 창의적 행동 간의 관계에서 정서적 몰입의 매개효과 역시도 통계적으로 유의하였다. 또한, 정서적 몰입에 대한 인지된 평가 공정성 및 인지된 직무 자율성의 조절효과는 창의적 행동에 각각 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 인지된 평가 공정성 및 인지된 직무 자율성이 높은 그룹에서만 정서적 몰입과 창의 적 행동이 강한 정의 관계를 나타냈다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 다국적기업 해외자회사의 현지화 전략에 대한 의미있는 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

PURPOSES : Because a driving simulator typically focuses on analyzing a driver’s driving behavior, it is difficult to analyze the effect on the overall traffic flow. In contrast, traffic simulation can analyze traffic flow, that is, the interaction between vehicles; however, it has limitations in describing a driver’s driving behavior. Therefore, a method for integrating the simulator and traffic simulation was proposed. Information that could be controlled through driving experiments was used, and only the lane-change distance was considered so that a more natural driving behavior could be described in the traffic flow. METHODS : The simulated connection method proposed in this study was implemented under the assumption of specific traffic conditions. The driver’s lane-changing behavior (lane-changing distance, deceleration, and steering wheel) due to the occurrence of road debris was collected through a driving study. The lane-change distance was input as a parameter for the traffic simulation. Driving behavior and safety were compared between the basic traffic simulation setting, in which the driver's driving behavior information was not reflected, and the situation in which the driving simulator and traffic simulation were integrated. RESULTS : The number of conflicts between the traffic simulation default settings (Case 1) and the situation in which the driving simulator and traffic simulation were integrated (Case 2) was determined and compared for each analysis. The analysis revealed that the number of conflicts varied based on the level of service and road alignment of the analysis section. In addition, a statistical analysis was performed to verify the differences between the scenarios. There was a significant difference in the number of conflicts based on the level of service and road alignment. When analyzing a traffic simulation, it is necessary to replicate the driving behavior of the actual driver. CONCLUSIONS : We proposed an integration plan between the driving simulator and traffic simulation. This information can be used as fundamental data for the advancement of simulation integration methods.

This study aimed to address the limitations of traditional plasma nitriding methods by implementing a short-term plasma oxy-nitriding treatment on the surface of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel. This treatment involved the sequential formation of nitride and oxide layers, to enhance surface hardness and corrosion resistance, respectively. The process resulted in the formation of a 20 μm-thick nitride layer and a 3 μm-thick oxide layer on the steel surface. Initially, the hardness increased by 2.2 times after nitriding, followed by a subsequent decrease of approximately 31 % after oxidation. While the nitriding process reduced corrosion resistance, the subsequent oxidation process led to the formation of a passive oxide film, effectively resolving this issue. The pitting corrosion of the oxide passive film started at 82.6 mVssc, providing better corrosion resistance characteristics than the nitride layer. Consequently, the trade-off between surface hardness and corrosion resistance in plasma oxy-nitrided AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel is anticipated to be recognized as an innovative and comprehensive surface treatment process for biomedical components.

본 연구는 상사의 코칭리더십이 심리적임파워먼트와 직무열의를 통하여 혁신 행동에 미치는 구조적 경로를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 300명 이상 기업에 근무하는 종업원을 대상으로 자료를 수집하고, 구조방정식을 활용하여 연구가설을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 코칭리더십은 혁신행동, 심리적 임파워먼트, 직무열의에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 심리적 임파워먼트는 혁신행동과 직무열 의에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 직무열의는 혁신행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다. 그리고 코칭리더십과 혁신행동 간의 관계에서 심리적 임파워먼 트와 직무열의는 부분적으로 매개적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과에 따른 시사점으로, 본 연구는 상사의 코칭리더십이 심리적 임파워먼트와 직무열의를 통해서 혁신행동으로 이어지는 경로를 검증하여, 코 칭리더십으로부터 조직구성원의 혁신적 행동변화를 설명하는 메카니즘을 제시 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 상사의 코칭리더십이 조직 구성원의 심리적인 변화를 통해 혁신행동으로 이어진다는 동기부여 측면의 매커니즘을 규명하여, 기업의 리더들이 코치형 리더로 육성되어야 조직구성원들의 혁신행동을 촉진할 필요성 을 제시한다고 이해할 수 있다.

In the last decade, labels have been multiplying on food products (e.g., organic labels, Nutri- Score) to foster nutritious and sustainable food purchases, as such raising the question of the effect of multi-labelling. In this article, we use the prism of information processing and specifically address the question of multi-labelling when the labels have simultaneously positive and negative valences. Such a situation could confuse consumers and therefore, harm multi-labelling ability to empower consumers. An experiment shows that 1/ adding a good Eco- Score to a good Nutri-Score enhances warm glow among the most ecology-sensitive consumers, though it does not significantly increase purchase intentions, 2/ adding a bad Eco- Score to a good Nutri-Score increases consumer confusion (i.e., a discomfort due to ambiguous stimuli that requires mental efforts to cope with) but does not decrease purchase intentions. Recommendations to food managers and public policy makers result from these results.

Healthy and environmentally friendly food is a subject of increasing prominence all around the world, and especially so in developing countries such as India, where consumption of agricultural goods produced in a sustainable environment with a low reliance on pesticides, antibiotics, hormones, and genetic manipulation is a real challenge. Consumer interest in green food items is increasing as safety and health concerns grow, and researchers are calling for further investigation of green food consumer behavior. Although a large number of research was done on environmental performance in industrialized countries, very little research has been conducted among Indian consumers. Furthermore, the gap between intention to consume green food products and actual behavior remains under-investigated. This gap can be investigated through the prism of theory of planned behavior (TPB). This theory has been widely used in green consumer studies: it seeks to explain how individuals make decisions and take actions based on their attitudes, beliefs, and perceived behavioral control. However, the TPB has not been extended to account for cultural values (i.e., Hofstede’s cultural framework), which can play an important role in shaping consumer attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, this research investigates the application of the extended TPB model in the context of green food products with a quantitative survey among Indian consumers (N=387). The results show that long-term (health) orientation and collectivism influence both green purchase intention and behavior. This effect is explained by subjective norms, perceived value, and environmental attitudes of the consumers.

This study aims to integrate the protection motivation theory (PMT) model and attitude to explore the factors influencing consumers’ usage behavior toward online food delivery platform services (OFDPSs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The utilitarian value and hedonic value of OFDPSs, which may influence consumers’ attitude, were also included in the integrated research model. This study collected a total of 384 participants who are with experience in using OFDPSs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan for analysis

From the standpoint of developing a transformative service to create improvements in collective wellbeing (Anderson & Ostrom, 2015), evidence of a sport–resilience relationship is gradually accumulating in the literature (Kim et al., 2022). Sport management and social science scholars are making considerable efforts to understand how sport entities with transformative services can contribute to consumer resilience—an intervention through a sport consumption experience that affects people’s abilities to cope with adversity (Inoue et al., 2022; MacIntosh et al., 2020). However, little is known about the sport industry and spatial consumer behavior in terms of consumer resilience. Although previous researchers have identified a macro-level association between sport industry and community resilience from a bird's eye view (Kim et al., 2021), it could not determine how and where sport industry at a macro level can be related to individual-level resilience through metaphors of Consumer Desire. Specifically, the spatial patterns of sport consumption (i.e., consumer spatial behavior) can be a result of sport consumer behavior affected by spatial context upon heterogeneous features of sport industry across regions (Kim et al., 2021) in the environment–behavior paradigm (Olsson & Gale, 1968). The macrolevel clustering of the sport industry in a region (environment) can be a community resource to provide individuals with the opportunity for sport consumption (behavior), which promotes the micro-level psychosocial factors for sport consumer resilience (Inoue et al., 2022). Furthermore, recent work illustrates heterogeneous spatial interaction at the regional level of the sport industry and individual-level sport consumption (Kim et al., 2022), suggesting the elaboration of cross-level spatial interaction models (Kim et al., 2021). Accordingly, in this study we aim to not only (a) determine spatially heterogeneous interactions in the association between sport industry and consumer spatial behavior in affecting consumer resilience, but also (b) identify what effect spatial interaction has on cross-level relationships. Using data focused on a multiscale-based nested geographic structure (e.g., individual-level consumption by zip code, county, state, and nation) that could elucidate the sport consumer spatial behavior, We collected multiple types of data from Florida, including the location quotient of the main seven sport industries (e.g., sport facilities) and socioeconomic factors (e.g., social vulnerability) at the county level from secondary sources. In addition, we acquired individual-level data from Qualtrics panels (1,107 Florida residents) to measure sport consumer spatial behavior (e.g., location-based sport consumption experience) and consumer resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. To address spatial interaction and heterogeneity, we used a comprehensive analytical model for global and local spatial analysis, including a spatial multilevel mediation (SMM) model and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. As a result of the SMM model, the county-level cluster of sport facilities affected individual-level participatory sport consumption, which enhanced consumer resilience (cross-level interaction effect). However, considerable spatial non-stationarity appeared in the spatial interaction, indicating interregional interactions in the cross-level effects within a county. The results of MGWR indicated significant spatially heterogeneous patterns in the association between the cluster of sport facilities and participatory sport consumption. That is, it was clarified that the spatial heterogeneous effects of the clustering of sport facilities on sport consumer spatial behavior are associated with consumer resilience. This empirical interdisciplinary work, including sport management, geography, and consumer psychology, advances knowledge of consumer spatial behavior and resilience by demonstrating heterogeneous spatial interactions. Practically, the current study calls for spatial management planning and strategy in sport industry for enhancing consumer resilience through spatial sport consumption, considering spatially varying patterns.

We study retailer app use and shopping behavior by investigating whether and how app adopters’ preferred store registration (PSR), a voluntary enrollment of store loyalty program, can lead to changes in purchase behaviors among the adopters in offline stores. A panel dataset from a large bakery franchise chain was studied using difference-in-differences with propensity score matching for causal inference. The results show that customers who participated in PSR increase their spending, compared to customers who did not. In addition, the results confirm that the PSR-spending relationship is moderated by customer and store characteristics; customers who visited infrequently and spent less prior to PSR participation increase their purchases, and they spend more at stores with better service quality.

Green consumption behavior (GCB) is desirable for a better world. The trend of GCB is expected to rise in the coming years. As such, it is imperative to understand the enablers of GCB. A significant majority of the investigated drivers of GCB are consumer-level factors. Studies focusing on the consumer-level showed that factors such as values, intentions, and personal norms could influence GCB. However, it is argued that compared to values or intentions, self-determined motivation can better predict GCB. The effect of self-determined motivation types (i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation) on GCB remains unclear due to prevailing gaps and contradictory findings. Furthermore, it is posited that people exhibit more self-determined behavior if they have strong self-awareness. Higher self-awareness can be achieved through mindfulness; therefore, differences in mindfulness level could affect the motivation-behavior relationship.

The purpose of this study is to examine how similarities between product designs manifest themselves in various aspects and how these influences purchasing and usage behavior. Product design similarity evokes positive images, such as a sense of security and familiarity, as well as negative images, such as mimicry and copying. For example, if you have just transferred to another school and your uniform does not match everyone else's, you might feel alienated. On the other hand, in parks and on street corners, wearing the same clothes and belongings can lead to an awkward moment. In the realm of psychology, the former is called the bandwagon effect and the latter is the snob effect. In contrast to the snob effect, which emphasizes scarcity, the bandwagon effect can create fads and hits. People experience both of these emotions, and it is said that using them appropriately and combining them leads to an effective marketing strategy.