This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of bone regeneration following decortication and sequestrectomy combined with the application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) in 45 patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Each patient received 0.25 g of rhBMP-2/ACS at the surgical site. Facial computed tomography scans were obtained immediately postoperatively and at a six-month follow-up to assess volumetric changes in the alveolar bone. The results indicated that rhBMP-2 significantly enhanced bone regeneration. Notably, the number of residual bone walls was the only significant factor influencing the regenerative outcome (B = 19.47, standard error = 3.05, t = 6.39, p < 0.001). Four-wall defects exhibited the highest regeneration rate (85.2%), and the mandibular posterior region was the most frequently involved site (60.5%). Complications such as surgical site disruption did not significantly impact the regenerative outcomes. These findings suggest that the concomitant use of rhBMP-2 with decortication and sequestrectomy promotes bone healing, reduces recovery time, and improves treatment predictability for patients with MRONJ.

Oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is a rare benign lesion of the oral mucosa that typically presents as a small, well-circumscribed, papillary or verrucous plaque. Although its clinical appearance may pose diagnostic challenges, its histopathologic features – papillary or verrucous epithelial hyperplasia and the accumulation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages within the connective tissue papillae – are distinctive. In this study, we report an unusually large OVX arising from the mandibular gingiva and exhibiting destructive intraosseous extension. In addition, we analyze 28 cases with respect to clinical variables (age, sex, location, medical and dental history, and follow-up period) and histopathologic features (architectural type, degree of inflammation, predominant inflammatory cell type) Clinically, among 28 patients (18 males, 10 females; mean age 49.2 ± 15.1 years), the gingiva was the most commonly affected site (89%), followed by the tongue (11%). Autoimmune disease and malignancy were each identified in two patients (7%). Prosthesis-associated lesions occurred in four patients (14%). The mean clinical follow-up period was 10.0 months (available for 12 patients). Reappearance of OVX was noted in four cases with a mean interval of 20.5 months after the first excision. Histologically, OVXs were classified as verrucous type (61%) or papillary type (39%). The degree of inflammation was graded as mild in 10 cases (36%), moderate in 16 (57%), and severe in 2 (7%). Lymphocytes (75%) were the most frequent inflammatory cells, whereas plasma cells (21%) and neutrophils (4%) were occasionally admixed. This study highlights an uncommon biologic behavior of OVX and underscores practical importance of complete removal and histopathologic evaluation.

This paper reviews the development of research on weather-related oracle bone divinations over the past century, providing a comprehensive overview and critical assessment of relevant studies. Since the discovery of oracle bones, research on meteorological inscriptions can be broadly divided into three stages: the “Formative Period” (1899-1940), the “Development Period” (1940-1991), and the “Breakthrough Period” (1991 to the present). Early scholarship primarily focused on the identification and interpretation of individual terms related to weather phenomena. Subsequently, scholars began to synthesize meteorological records found in oracle bones and explore their connections with Shang society, agriculture, warfare, and other activities. Since the latter half of the 20th century, research methods have gradually diversified. In addition to deepening contextual analyses of meteorological divinations, scholars have incorporated statistical, archaeological, and climatological approaches in an effort to reconstruct the climate of the Shang period. In recent years, with progress in oracle-bone fragment rejoining and the discovery of new materials, the understanding of meteorological inscriptions has become increasingly refined, paving the way for interdisciplinary dialogue. This study surveys the evolution of both research findings and methodologies related to oracle-bone divinations about weather, critically evaluating their strengths and limitations while outlining potential future directions. It also aims to promote further integration between oracle-bone studies and paleoclimate research.

만성췌장염은 췌장 외분비 기능부전을 유발하며, 이로 인해 지용성 비타민 흡수 장애를 포함한 다양한 영양 결핍이 흔하게 발생한다. 특히 비타민 D 결핍은 칼슘 항상성과 골대사에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 골밀도 감소와 함께 골감소증 및 골다공증의 위험을 높인다. 실제로 만성췌장염 환자의 다수 에서 비타민 D 결핍, 그리고 골밀도 감소가 보고되었으며, 이는 삶의 질 저하 및 골절 위험 증가와 직결된다. 따라서 본 종설에서는 만성췌장염 환자에서 지용성 비타민, 특히 비타민 D의 결핍이 골대사에 미치는 영향을 중심으로 병태생리, 진단적 접근, 치료 및 모니터링 전략을 고찰하였으며, ESPEN, AGA, JSGE 등 최신 국제 가이드라인의 권고사항을 비교함 으로써 임상 현장에서 실천 가능한 통합적 관리 방향을 제시 하고자 한다.

Symptomatic joint degeneration is a common chronic musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. The literature has noted that some clinicians find treating this condition “technically challenging,” while others find it to be “unchallengingly routine.” We believe that all clinicians treating symptomatic joint degeneration should have a robust understanding of the mechanobiological interactions between the synovial lining, synovial cells, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone. This four-part narrative review describes how inner lining synovitis and cellular changes in the subchondral region, including the development of bone marrow edema, are symptom generators in some patients with various grades of joint degeneration. This review suggests that physical therapists (PTs) should acquaint themselves with the concept of mechanotransduction and more fully consider cellular mechanosensitivity and mechanoresponsiveness as exercise loading and manual interventions loads are placed upon joints with degenerative change. We call for additional research efforts in the area of protocol development for low-load exercise intervention and between PTs and physicians who may have access to laboratory facilities and imaging equipment. This research could allow for both direct and indirect assessment of intra-articular pressure, synovial fluid, and bone marrow edema after the application of therapeutic exercise and joint mobilization.

Osteoporosis, characterized by excessive osteoclast activity and disrupted bone remodeling, remains a significant health concern. This study investigated the potential of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) extracts, prepared with various drying methods, to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and promote bone formation. Mushroom stipe extracts, irrespective of the drying method, effectively suppressed osteoclast differentiation by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 expression in osteoclast precursor cells treated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), whereas the mushroom cap extracts exhibited minimal inhibitory effects. This disparity highlights the importance of part-specific analyses as the stipes contained higher levels of bioactive molecules, including denatonium, which was identified as a key RANKL signaling disrupter. In contrast, the caps lacked the anti-osteoclastogenic activity observed in the stipes, which were notably consistent across the freeze-drying, air-drying, and hot-air drying methods, indicating the stability of the bioactive compounds under various processing conditions. In vivo studies using an osteoporosis-induced zebrafish model further validated the therapeutic potential of the stipe extracts, which restored bone mineralization and mitigated prednisolone-induced bone loss. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying and optimizing specific mushroom parts for their unique therapeutic properties. Shiitake mushroom stipe extracts are a natural product potentially useful in osteoporosis therapy. This therapy would be a promising alternative to conventional treatments, such as bisphosphonates, which are associated with adverse side effects.

Three-dimensional printed polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) scaffolds reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated and characterized for bone tissue engineering applications. The incorporation of CNTs significantly enhanced the mechanical properties, with the aligned PCL/β-TCP/CNT scaffold (1 wt% CNTs) exhibiting a 125% and 123% increase in compressive modulus (180.3 ± 10.1 MPa) and strength (7.8 ± 0.6 MPa), respectively, compared to the PCL/β-TCP scaffold. The β-glycerol phosphate (BGP)-modified PCL/β-TCP/CNT scaffold showed similar mechanical properties to the aligned scaffold. All scaffolds maintained high porosity (> 70%) and a wide pore size distribution (50–500 μm). The scaffolds demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, with hemolysis rates below 5% and high cell viability. The aligned PCL/β-TCP/ CNT scaffold promoted the highest rat adipose-derived stem cell proliferation, while the BGP-modified scaffold enhanced human dental pulp stem cell proliferation and mineralization.

Background: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are capable of differencing into various cell types in the body, providing them valuable for therapy of degenerative diseases. Patientspecific treatments using PSCs, such as mesenchymal stem cells in patient’s own body, may reduce the risk of immune rejection. Inducing the differentiation of PSCs into vascular endothelial cells (ECs) altering culture conditions or using specific growth factors is able to applied to the treatment of vascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to induce the differentiation of porcine epiblast stem cells (pEpiSCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pBM-MSCs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pAMSCs) into ECs and then examine the functionality of vascular ECs. Methods: Porcine pEpiSCs, pBM-MSCs and pA-MSCs were induced to differentiate into ECs on matrigel-coated plates in differentiation medium (EBM-2 + 50 ng/mL of VEGF) for 8 days. Cells differentiated from these stem cells were isolated using CD-31 positive (+) magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and then proliferated in M199 medium. Evaluation of ECs differentiated from these stem cells was treated with capillary-like structure formation and three-dimensional spheroid sprouting assay. Results: Porcine pEpiSCs, pBM-MSCs and pA-MSCs showed similar expression of pluripotency-related genes (OCT-3/4. NANOG, SOX2). These stem cells were differentiated into vascular ECs, but showed different morphologies after the differentiation. Cells differentiated from pEpiSCs showed an elongated spindle-like morphology, whereas cells differentiated from pBM-MSCs showed a round pebble-like morphology. In the case of pA-MSCs, these two morphologies were mixed with each other. Additionally, vascular ECs differentiated from these stem cells showed different formation of capillary-like structure formation and three-dimensional spheroid sprouting assay. Conclusions: Cells differentiated from pEpiSCs, pBM-MSCs and pA-MSCs presented the functionality of different vascular ECs, demonstrating the potential of the excellent ECs differentiated from pEpiSCs.

The Qi Family Tree Bone Inscription refers to the Xia dynasty king list, and the deciphered bone names match the names of the Xia kings recorded in the classics. First, this bone inscription is authentic according to Sarah Allan and Kuang Yu Chen’s recent study of the engraved strokes of script viewed under microscope. Secondly, this paper introduces the interactive events between Xia Si (夏姒) people and Shang royal people in the Shang bone texts, such as the Shang conquest of the Xia Si, using the Xia people to serve the Shang King affairs, resettling the Xia people north and letting them fight others. This paper specifically interprets the bone scripts of Xia Si to mean that Xia indicates lowland for farming, and Si is the family name of the Xia recorded in the classics. The script for Si (surname) is derived from the image of a silkworm, as the Si are a silkworm totem people. Another decoded script for Xia is a river name, Xia (river) is named after “canal digging and irrigating”. Third, this paper deduces that the Xia people were living in the Jiang Xia (now Jiang Han or Jiang and Han rivers) plains, the Shijiahe site is the ruins of the Xia or Pre-Xia, and a large number of the Shijiahe red pottery figurines for dances were unearthed, which is consistent with the Xia dance and music recorded in the classics. The unearthed jade statues of deities look like silkworm moths, which corresponds to Xia Si being a sericulture tribe. After the Shijiahe culture, the Xia people built a last capital at Panlongcheng (or Panlong City), near the Xia River outlet. Because the classic Poem for the war epic named Shang Hero (殷武) says, “Got there the hero Cheng Tang (達彼殷武), went to conquer Jing Chu in strength (奮伐荊楚, Jing Chu 荊楚is the alternative name of Jiang Xia 江夏).” Another classic Poem for the Shang national epic called Long Growth (長發) says, “The states of Gu and Wei have been conquered (顧韋既伐).” The Gu and Wei are the current Xiangyang 襄陽 and Suixian 隨縣 on the east and west pathways to the Jiang Xia Basin from the Yellow River Basin, based on their ancient names and their sounds being homophonic. After occupying the states of Gu and Wei, the Shang army went south to form a situation of surrounding the Panlongcheng site of the Jiang Xia Plain. Thus, King Jie of Xia gave up the capital and went north to through the Ming Pass (present-day Wusheng Pass 武勝關) to the Huai River Plain of the East People 東夷, and there was the Battle of Ming Tiao in the Ming Pass. Finally, this study introduces an article about the oracle bone script ten classifications or designs, explaining how to decipher a script. The script for names engraved on the bone tablet were deciphered, corresponding to the name of the Xia Emperors in the classics. The meaning of the deciphered characters of the Xia Emperor names is consistent with the deeds of the Xia Emperors recorded in the classics. In the Qi family genealogy, there are inscriptions of the event of an older brother dying and his younger brother assuming the throne, which matches the record in the classics.

Nicotinamide (NAM), a water-soluble derivative of vitamin B3, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for bonerelated disorders. In particular, it promotes bone metabolism and alleviates delayed tooth eruptions associated with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). NAM serves as a precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a key coenzyme involved in cellular metabolism that plays an essential role in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function. Recent research has highlighted the capacity of NAM to enhance osteogenic differentiation and regulate the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which is critical for maintaining bone homeostasis. Moreover, the effect of NAM in preventing delayed tooth eruptions in CCD models underscores its potential as a noninvasive therapeutic option. Considering its safety profile and therapeutic potential, NAM is a promising candidate for longterm treatment of bone diseases and prevention of age-related bone disorders.

The oracle bone script is an ideograph that represents an idea or concept rather than a word or speech sound in general. The ‘ten writings’ means the ten methods used to create characters, to show how ideographs to express a concrete subject and an abstract concept. Ten Writings includes (1) character’s form picturing (象形), (2) form marking (指事), (3) form-form resembling (比喻), (4) form narrating (敘事), (5) form-pattern transferring (字式), (6) form-form modifying (偏正), (7) form-form suggesting (轉注), (8) form borrowing (形借), (9) form-meaning borrowing (意借), (10) form-sound borrowing (音借). The traditional six-fold classification scheme (Six Writings) was originally popularised in the 2nd century CE, is not a guide for the reader on how to decipher an unknown bone script. Ten Writings (十書) system is not a theorization analysis, is an operation manual to deciphering the oracle bone scripts, illustrated through some specific instances below. A script called “Yi, 以” ( , later , turned 90 degrees to show properly, similarly hereinafter) shows “a worm ( ) which has a big head and a long tail and a woman ( )”, it is understood as the “woman looking after the worm”. Later, its simplified form is a “worm ( )” only, which is from （ ）and means “worm totem people”. It is common to find a shape with more than two functions in Chinese characters. Therefore, this script Yi of “using worm for silk and cloths” extends “use”, “by means of” and “with”, it sounds Yi. In other perspective, the “worm” also means “(cloths process) start” and “begin”. And “(the silk people) looks like each other” and “similar”, so the “worm” is also a symbol of “similar”. Because the costume worn by people in ancient times was a nation identification. The same word “worm” for “start” and “similar” sounds Si (silk). The Chinese word for silk also sounds Si. In a worm totem perspective, the script Si means “worm people”. Similarly, the script for “sheep people” is represented as a man wearing a headdress of sheep horns. In addition, the worm character may be pictured from silkworm, later the proper noun “silkworm” was used as the general term “worm”. Now the character “worm” includes worm, insect and snake, even some animals. The variant of Si ( , “worm”) is written as ( , , , “worm”), which are the same as ( , , ) being used for a tribe name. When a common script may be simplely written as ( , “worm”), if a same script for tribal name may be decoratively written as ( ), as the word of the name are written in capital letter. The tribal name Si 以 ( ) is the surname of the Xia dynasty royal family Si 姒 in the Classic of Shiji 史記, the bone text “Xia Si 下以” is the Xia Si 夏姒for the Xia dynasty in the classics. The Shang oracle bone script for the idea BORROW is shown as an ideogram (Jia 假, ) combining a pictogram SHOULDERING-HOE (荷, “farming”, “carrying”) and a pictogram SUN, it together suggests a third scene “under the sun a woman carries a hoe to irrigate the rice fields”, meaning “farming”, “peasant”; in other perspective “borrow sunlight to farm”. The Jia 假and Xia 夏 were one word, and the bone texts for the Jia 假 are about the Xia River 夏水where the Xia dynasty lived.

Diabetes, a chronic hyperglycemic condition, is caused by insufficient insulin secretion or functional impairment. Long-term inadequate regulation of blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have explored the molecular mechanisms linking diabetes to bone loss and an increased susceptibility to fractures. This study reviews the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced bone disease. Depending on the type of diabetes, changes in bone tissue vary. The molecular mechanisms responsible for bone loss in diabetes include the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, induction of oxidative stress, and deficiencies in insulin/IGF-1. In diabetes, alveolar bone loss results from complex interactions involving oral bacterial infections, host responses, and hyperglycemic stress in periodontal tissues. Therapeutic strategies for diabetes-induced bone loss may include blocking the AGEs signaling pathway, decreasing inflammatory cytokine activity, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and activity, and controlling glucose levels; however, further research is warranted.

은나라 역사 문화유산인 갑골은 점친 내용 내지는 주제가 다양하다. 현재 까지는 관련 문헌에서는 연구 성과를 대략 24에서 10가지 정도의 단어를 중 심으로 사전식으로 해설하는 실정이다. 그리고 그 방식을 살펴보면 나열식으 로 되어있어 분류의 관점에서 볼 때 비체계적인 면이 있다. 본 논문에서는 상 대 역사 문화의 핵심엔 두 가지 중요한 주제가 있다고 보았다. 하나는 갑골복 사가 미래의 궁금증을 해결하려던 일종의 점사 같은 것이다. 또 하나는 상대 는 누가 뭐래도 제사를 중시했던 시대라는 점이다. 이 둘은 상대에 불가분 관 계에 있었다. 갑골복사를 점사라는 측면에서 보면 점친 내용이 다양하며 연구 가들은 대략 20여 가지의 소주제로 구분하기도 한다. 史와 巫가 같이 일을 했 던 고대의 직제에 착안하면 점을 치는 그룹인 史의 예언 뒤에는 필요에 따라 巫의 액땜이 뒤따랐다. 그리고 그 액땜의 의식이 대부분 제사였다. 제사는 조 상에 대한 감사와 존중이나 공동체 의식의 강화뿐 아니라 액땜의 기능을 하 였다고 보이는데 이는 갑골복사에서 확인할 수 있다. 그래서 본 고에서는 이 두 가지에 주목하여 갑골복사의 분류 기준을 새롭 게 제시하였다. 이는 그동안 나열식으로 제출된 갑골복사를 간명하게 정리하여 분류한다는 의미가 있을 뿐 아니라 동시에 간명한 분류체계가 핵심을 벗 어나지 않는 효율적인 연구를 위한 전제조건이기 때문이다. 그러므로 갑골복 사를 상대 문화의 핵심인 제사를 기준으로 설정하여 새롭게 분류하여 제시하 였다. 갑골복사를 ‘제사’를 기준으로 대별하면 ‘제사’가 포함된 유형과 그렇지 않은 유형으로 구분할 수 있다. 제사가 포함된 유형은 다시 그 제사가 액땜의 기능으로 다른 점을 친 것에 수반하는 경우가 있다. 그리고 또 하나는 오직 ‘제사’ 자체를 질문 대상으로 삼은 유형이 있다. 이렇게 총 세 가지의 유형으 로 분류하여 살펴보았다. 그 내용과 관련해서는 복사의 주제가 20여 가지가 되므로 당시 왕조의 생존이나 존립에 직결된 주제인 농사의 풍흉을 좌우하는 천문역법과 전쟁에 관한 복사를 일관성 있게 발췌하여 살펴보았다. 조금이나 마 이 글이 갑골복사 분류 기준의 단일하면서 새로운 제시가 될 것이고, 나아 가 갑골복사 연구의 체계화의 효율성에 기여할 수 있다고 생각한다.

Previous researches have revealed that dental panoramic radiographs routinely taken in dental clinics can be useful to diagnose low bone density. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, awareness and treatment rate of low bone density of females utilizing dental panoramic images. Four-hundred-and-fifteen female patients(mean age 70.4 yrs ± 11.4 yrs) between the age of 50s to 90s, at Chonnam National University Dental Hospital were randomly selected for this study. The panoramic radiographs taken from the patients were reviewed for the purpose of interpreting suspected low bone density(SLBD) on the basis of mandibular cortex index. Awareness and treatment rates of osteoporosis were investigated based on electronic records using the past medical history. As a result, the prevalence rate was 42.17%(175 in 415), the osteoporosis-awareness rate 22.3%(39 in 175), and the treatment rate 87%(34 in 39), showing that the osteoporosis-awareness rate was low, but the treatment rate was relatively high. In conclusion, it can be suggested that osteoporosis-awareness rate by diagnosing SLBD with dental panoramic radiographs be increased to help patients to receive proper treatment.

Compound characters in oracle bone inscriptions refer to the form of two or three oracle bone characters combined together. These characters, formed after combination, are called compound characters and represent one of the structural features of oracle bone scripts. The phenomenon of compound characters is prevalent among river names in oracle bone inscriptions. Based on this observation, we propose that the formation of river names in oracle bone inscriptions was initially the combinations of geographic names and rivers, and these compound character forms have generally gone through a development process from separate characters to compound characters. Through the study of the structure formation of river names in oracle bone inscriptions, a deeper understanding of the people’s perceptions of river systems and geographical environments during the Shang Dynasty can be obtained, as well as the relationship between geographic names and rivers.

Similar to Sumerian proto-cuneiform writing, the nature of Chinese writing is fundamentally ideographic, in which concepts or thoughts are represented visually rather than through abstract speech sounds. This paper explores ten ways to form Chinese characters by using the decoded characters through their ideograms. A character comes from thoughts, the thoughts come from images, and the images themselves come from the object or the event depicted. Therefore, the same character can be used in different dialects or languages to depict the same concepts. Only when there are enough ideograms to create their graphs for phonography can we develop phonography. During the first stage of hundreds of years, most Sumerian clay characters were pictograms and ideograms. The majority of the phono-semantic compounds appeared in the second stage when the foreign Akkadians used Sumerian characters. Just as the majority of Shang bone characters were pictograms and ideograms, most phono-semantic compound characters were modified and created by the foreign Zhou people later. At present, western theories have not followed the traditional path to the meaning of thought. The ten strategies of ideographic writing are the conventional path to the meaning of thought, rather than a bridge between language.

The so called “special characters”, is the characters that intended to represent a particular meaning. The concept of “special characters” has been developed for a long time, and as early as the Southern Tang Dynasty, Xu Kai’s (徐锴) interpretation of “lang (郎)” in the “Shuowen Jiezi Xizhuan 《( 說 文解字繫傳》)” already had the meaning of “special characters”. The Qing dynasty scholar Wang Yun (王筠) also discussed “special characters” many times. “Special characters” are exist more or less in various periods of Chinese characters, and “special characters” have appeared as early as the existence of oracle-bone inscriptions. This paper preliminarily sorts out the “special characters” in the oracle-bone inscriptions, and then groups these “special characters” and briefly sorts out the configuration of each group of characters, in order to have a comprehensive understanding of the development of “special characters” in the oracle-bone inscriptions. On the basis of analyzing their use in combination with the example and context, the “special characters” in the oracle-bone inscriptions are compared with the “special characters” in Dongba script, and it is found that these “special characters” have distinctive characteristics when used. The “special characters” in the oracle-bone inscriptions are often accompanied by partial changes in the shape structure, and the frequency of their use is unbalanced. When “special characters” are used, there is often a situation where a character represents a phrase, the use of “special characters” is often limited by superordinate level semantics and it will gradually be unified into a glyph in the later stage. Finally, combined with the production and development process of Chinese characters, we find that the production of “special characters” is a natural manifestation in the process of writing development, which is closely related to the context of the use of oracle-bone inscriptions and the thinking habits of primitive ancestors.

The four angels standing on the four corners of the earth and the four winds of the earth by season are a same concept in a Shang Oracle Bone inscriptions. By the Yellow River in middle China, there are easterly winds during spring, southerly winds during summer, westerly winds during autumn and an northerly winds during winter. For example, when the Shang people saw the monsoon coming from the east for several days, they believed it shows that the angel of the east had come here, and announced that spring had come and they started farming. Even today the farmers are not only based on the calendar’s date to farm, also check up the new temperature keep for several days. Similarly when the southern monsoon comes and keeps, the Shang people know it is summer. However, due to seasonal lag, May, June, July, August and September are the warmest months in the middle China, it is not generally recognized that the four seasons on the calendar are equal. Two unearthed Shang bone tablets record the names (features) of the four angels on the four corners of the earth and their four winds of the earth, but so far wrongly explaining seven out of the eight characters in the bone script which name the four-end-wind inscription bone tablet. This paper deciphers the following bone scripts: The character Vibrate震 ( ), pictured that a mouth ( ) issues three forces ( ), which means shouting, the god shouting means thunderclap, the dog’s shouting means shock to awe, the belly’s shouting means pregnancy and birth娠. The character for sprout, separating out, spearing out and exploding out is depicted as Xi 析 ( ) , depicting an axe ( ) to a tree ( ). Thus, on the famous four-end-wind inscription bone tablet, the first inscription says 東方曰析，風曰震 “the east angel names Xi ‘dawn or budding’, the spring wind means thunder or birth (or the spring wind angle names thunder)”. The character Assist襄 ( ) is a picture of a host ( ) around two aliens (夷， ) and walk (行 ), it means the host helps the aliens to walk around his land. The picture is also seen as a Multiracial Zone, like a soil in which several grasses root togerther, thus it means Soil 壤. And the multi-race fusion leads culture prosperity, thus it means Rich and Varied 穰. The character Grow 長 ( ) is a person figure with long hair, in which the plant grows in a way similar to the man hair grows. One of the strategies is for the scribe to create a narrative picture (Chinese character) on the parable of the most familiar thing (for example, human body parts). Thus, the second inscription reads 南方曰襄，風曰長 “the south angel names Rich or Assistance, the summer wind means growth”. The character Dye 染 ( ), depicting a tree 木 ( ) with hatching 彡 ( ), it means the tree with multicolors, or dye is made from plants. The character Bride-kidnapping 彝 ( ), depicting two hands holding a girl with her arms back, it means marriage and extends the meaning of the cardinal law. In other perspective, it means Capture, Receive and Harvest 收 ( ). One shape is with two functions in Chinese characters. Thus, the third inscription says 西方曰染，風曰收 “the west angel names Dye or Color, the autumn wind means harvest”. The character Hug, Pack, Wrap and Womb 勹（ ）is a figure of a woman bows down and hugs a baby but the baby is omitted. Similarly a script for riding a horse is depicted as Yi 夷 and Qi 騎 ( ， ， ), the horse is omitted. The character Destroy毀 ( ), composed of an honoust man ( ) under the hand-mallet ( ). Thus, the fourth inscription says 北方曰包，風曰毀 “the north angel names Pack or Seed, the winter wind means destruction”. The first three pairs of characters Sprout-Birth, Enrich-Growth, Colour-Harvest are mutual glossing, the last pair of characters Pack-Destroy is in opposite, which forms a cycle.