본 연구는 스포츠 휴먼브랜드의 굿즈상품(Goods) 가치, 감정반응(PAD), 소비 행동 간 일어나는 현상을 분석하기 위해 2021년 10월 18일~2022년 1월 12일까지 온라인 서베이(URL), DM, E-mail 등을 활용하여 371명을 편의 표준추출법으로 표집하였으며, 불성실한 응답자 51명을 제외한 유효 표본 320명을 인과 관계(SEM)를 적용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 휴먼 브랜드의 굿즈 가치는 감정반응에 정(+)의 영향으로 가설이 채택되었다. 둘째, 감정반응은 소비 행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 가설이 채택되었다. 셋 째, 휴먼 브랜드의 굿즈 가치는 소비 행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며 부분적으로 가설이 채택되었다. 마지막 으로 굿즈상품(goods) 가치와 소비 행동의 관계에서 감정반응의 간접효과는 통계적으로 유의 의미한 것으 로 나타났다.

본 연구는 골프 광고 모델의 휴먼브랜드 영역이 확장되면서 일어나는 현상에 대해 분석하고자 2021년 7월 1일 ~11월 15일까지 표본계획에 의해 모바일 서베이(URL)를 사용하여 521명을 인과 관계 (SEM)를 적용 분석하였다. 첫째, 골프 광고 모델의 휴먼브랜드는 적합성에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향으로 가설이 채택되었다. 둘째, 적합성은 구매행도에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향으로 가설이 채택되었다. 셋째, 골프 광고 모델의 휴먼브랜드는 구매행동에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향으로 가 설이 채택되었다. 마지막으로 부트스트레핑(bootstrapping)을 통해 간접효과를 산출한 결과 휴먼브랜드와 구매행동의 관계에서 적합성의 간접효과는 통계적으로 유의하다고 볼 수 있다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of relationship and service marketing on the brand interest and behaviors among Korean and Chinese active senior consumers and whether this effect differed between the two groups. A survey was conducted by having participants complete questionnaires administered by a research firm. For empirical analysis, frequency, EFA, CFA, SEM, the metric invariance test, and multiple-group comparison analysis were performed. The analysis results revealed that relationship marketing positively affected both brand interest and consumer behavior. Although service marketing positively affected brand interest, it did not have a significant effect on consumer behavior. In other words, brand interest positively affected consumer behavior through relationship and service marketing. Multiple-group comparison analysis demonstrated that no difference existed between Korean and Chinese active consumers in terms of how relationship marketing affected their brand interest, but a difference existed in how it affected their behavior. Service marketing had a greater influence on Chinese active senior consumers’ brand interest than on Korean active senior consumers. However no difference existed between the two groups with respect to how service marketing affected their behaviors. Finally, brand interest had a positive effect only on Korean active senior consumers’ behavior through relationship and service marketing, but not on Chinese active senior consumers. In conclusion, relationship and service marketing should be used to enhance the brand interest among Korean active senior consumers, and business activities should be planned by building relationships with Chinese active senior consumers to affect their behavior.

The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the relationship among fashion brand experience, brand loyalty, relationship quality, and repurchase intention. The 420 survey questionnaires were distributed among the consumers in their 30s and 40s who had experience buy fashion brands products through convenience sampling in Seoul. Due to the reliability of data, 120 samples were discarded and 300 samples were put to actual analysis. By using SAS 9.4, data were analyzed for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, the fashion brand experience which is consist of sensory, affective, behavioral and intellectual experience had positive effects on brand satisfaction and brand trust. Second, brand trust and brand commitment and the relationship quality of brand satisfaction, only satisfaction and commitment affects brand loyalty significantly. Lastly, brand loyalty had significantly effect on repurchase intention. It presented the potential to use the brand as a strategic tool to build strong brand assets, along with providing specific ways to secure differentiated competitiveness in the fashion brand market. It is also thought to be meaningful in that we presented a practical strategy to build and strengthen a lasting bond with consumers by looking at the impact on the quality of the relationship.

This study is about pressure-accepting behavior of consumers attached to brands. Previous studies of the situation focused on time pressure and scarcity pressure, focusing on scarcity. The results of the study are as follows. First, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively blunt in time pressures. This indicates that brands of consumers are attached to do not buy on impulse because of time pressure. Second, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively under social pressure. This indicates that consumers who are attached to the brand do not buy with social pressures such as quasi-family groups. Third, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively sensitive to scarcity pressures. Thus, a quantity-limited marketing strategy is generally more effective for consumers with high marketing effectiveness but high brand attachment. Fourth, unlike the one presented, consumers attached to the brand were found to be relatively insensitive to place pressure.

The current study aimed to segment Mongolian female consumers based on luxury consumption values and to compare lifestyle, demographic characteristics, purchase behavior, and perceived brand personality among the segments. The survey was administered to consumers who had purchased luxury products in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A total of 184 surveys were used for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five luxury values: quality value, hedonic value, conspicuous value, social value, and unique value. Using the five luxury values, clustering analysis was conducted, showing that there were four distinct segments: passive shoppers, showoffs, rational value groups, and hedonists. ANOVAs and chi-square analyses revealed that these four segments differed in consumption values, demographic characteristics, lifestyle dimensions (including appearance consciousness, leisure orientation, life enjoyment, and achievement orientation), and purchase behavior (including purchase frequency, price of products purchased, and product selection criteria). Moreover, value segments showed differences in five dimensions of luxury brand personality: sincerity, professionalism/attractiveness, excitement, materialism, and sophistication. The results suggest that consumption values serve as a significant basis for segmentation. Furthermore, the current study indicates that value segments can be described as consumers’ perceived brand personality. The study concludes with a discussion of the results, theoretical and practical implications, and limitations.

As many companies are performing brand management as a marketing strategy to establish long-term relationships with their customers, consumers decide the actual purchasing behavior by understanding the brand attributes of the relevant company based on an evaluation standard of the products. This paper provides the basic data for improving the competitiveness of the coffee shop market continuously, and analyzes the influential relationships between each variable by limiting the brand attributes of the coffee shop and the price fairness factor that would be expected to affect the consumers' purchasing behavior as the cause variables. The results showed that the-out of brand attribute factors of the coffee shop, the brand awareness and perceived quality had significant effects on the price fairness while the influence of the shop image on the price fairness was not verified. In addition, all the brand awareness, shop image, and perceived quality had significant effects on the purchasing behavior while the statistical significance between price fairness and purchasing behavior was verified. The rationality of the price presented by the coffee shop could be judged depending on the quality perceived by the consumers. Similarly, once consumers classified the propriety of price and then perceived that a suitable price had been set up regarding the quality and service provided by the coffee shop, it was highly possible for them to include it in their actual purchasing behavior, despite the higher price than other brands'. Further research on the psychological variables affecting the purchasing behavior by securing more diverse consumers to understand their purchasing behavior for a wide range of research subjects and the generalization of research results, will provide useful data for establishing marketing measures necessary to form strong relationships between consumers and brand in the currently-saturated coffee shop market.

This study aims at identifying a novel framework that further explains the relationship between brands and customers in the online context at different touchpoints (e.g. social media, website) of the customer journey. In pursuing this goal, authors expect online brand experience as the main trigger in determining specific customer brand engagement (CBE) behaviours.

The personal luxury goods market in the Middle-East is the 10th largest in the world, right before Hong-Kong and Russia, which are both well-established markets for luxury products (D’Arpizio, Levato, Zito & Montgolfier, 2015). However, luxury consumer behavior consumption in the Middle-East and its influencing factors have largely been left unexplored. This paper builds on previous research among German luxury consumers and investigates the formation of brand love and its impact on willingness-to-pay among Arab luxury consumers. Compared with the German study, it is found that Arab luxury consumers show weaker brand love tendencies. In addition, materialistic characteristics and tendencies for conspicuous consumption among Arab consumers strongly influence brand love in the context of luxury fashion and accessories, which confirms previous findings. Results further document that for Arab luxury consumers neither conspicuous consumption tendencies nor brand love can be interpreted as a predictor for an increase in willingness to pay. Hence, for those consumers, long-lasting emotional consumer-brand relationships are not responsible for generating additional profits and do not explain why the willingness to pay for luxury goods was significantly higher among Arab consumers. Finally, results indicate that though some elements of luxury consumption are shared among German and Arab luxury consumers (e.g. fashion involvement, the evaluation of particular brands, gender and brand love tendencies) there are significant differences in terms of e.g. brand preferences, general willingness to pay for luxury fashion and accessories and willingness to pay for conspicuous luxury goods. This research provides insights into the formation of brand love among Arab luxury consumers and how it informs luxury consumption. Moreover, it sheds light on similarities and differences across the two samples and increases the understanding of luxury consumption in a broader geographic context.

This study (i) examines the main effect of how a customer’s trust in the service personnel could affect his/her service co-designing and co-delivering behavior; and (ii) investigates how the main effect could vary by the customer’s trust in the service brand, and the types of customer contact service contexts. Keywords: customer participation, co-

Many studies in the marketing literature focus on investigating the effects of brand attachment and self-congruence on favorable consumer behavior, such as brand loyalty, positive Word-of-Mouth, resilience to negative information (Thomson et al., 2005, Japutra et al., 2014a). However, limited studies examine the relationship between brand attachment, self-congruence and negative consumer behavior. For instance, Johnson et al. (2011) posit that when consumers are in relationships with brands and more self-relevant, they are more likely to induce retaliatory actions when the relationship ends. Highlighting the dark side of brand attachment, Japutra et al. (2014b) show that stronger brand attachment leads to a wide range of unwanted consumer behaviors including trash-talk, Schadenfreude, and anti-brand actions. These studies show how brand attachment is capable of hurting consumers. However, only limited studies pay attention on the negative consequences of brand attachment (e.g. Johnson et al., 2011; Japutra et al., 2014b). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of self-congruence and brand attachment on compulsive buying behavior.

Towards the 21st century, the whole world is regarded as one market. Globalization is spreading all over the world as many cosmetics companies pioneering new market abroad, overcoming relatively limited domestic markets. Korean cosmetics companies are not the exception and they are aiming Chinese consumer market, the largest one in Asia, which is growing steadily since government’s open door policy. So, the necessity to compare and figure out the difference between Korean and Chinese consumer’s cosmetics buying behavior is very high for those companies that have their eyes on the Chinese Market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare buying behavior between Korean and Chinese female consumers related to Korean cosmetics brand level. Cosmetics buying behavior is examined in 4 areas; purchasing motives, information sources, purchasing criteria, and the level of satisfaction. Subjects were selected through a convenient sample technique and a questionnaire was developed in Korean and Chinese by translation and back translation method. Data were collected from the sample of 187 out of 233 in Beijing for Chinese female consumers, and 188 out of 200 in Pusan for Korean female consumers. Respondents’ age varied from 20’s to 50’s. Korean cosmetics brands were divided into high /low levels; low brand level included Micha, The face shop, and Laneige while high brand level included Sulhwasu, O’hui, and The history of who. Among many types of cosmetics, this study focused on the basic types of cosmetics product such as lotion, moisture cream, nutrition cream, mask pack with the exception of color based cosmetics products. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and cluster analysis using SPSS 20.0. Respondents were divided into 4 groups: Korean high brand purchasing consumers, Korean Low brand purchasing consumers, Chinese high brand purchasing consumers, and Chinese low brand purchasing consumers. 1. For purchase motives, Chinese consumers affected by Korean celebrities and had more motives to experience Korean cosmetics. To relax and to relieve from stress was the main reasons to buy Korean cosmetics for Chinese high brand consumers. Price was the main reason to buy Korean cosmetics for both low brand purchasing groups. 2. For information sources, Chinese consumers had tendency to collect information from personal relations such as friends and family. Korean and Chinese low brand consumers used internet advertising. Chinese high brand consumers collected information from department salesman. Korean high brand consumers showed lowest use of any kinds of information sources. 3. Korean high brand group put on importance on color and scent as cosmetics purchase criteria. Chinese high brand consumers showed importance on brand image, ingredients, containers/packing, skin fit, and feeling. Korean and Chinese low brand groups have importance on brand image, ingredients, and skin fit. 4. Concerned satisfaction level, Korean high brand group showed lowest satisfaction level. Chinese consumers had satisfied with container design and feelings.

There is relatively little evidence on how social media marketing activities influence brand equity creation and consumers’ behavior towards the brand. We explore these relationships by analyzing pioneering brands in the luxury sector (Burberry, Dior, Gucci, Hermès, and Louis Vuitton). Based on a survey of 845 luxury brand consumers (Chinese, French, Indian and Italian) who follow the five brands studied on social media, we developed a structural equation model that helps to address gaps in prior social media branding literature. Specifically, our study demonstrates the links between social media marketing efforts – measured as a holistic concept incorporating five aspects (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, customization and word of mouth) and their consequences (brand preference, price premium and loyalty).

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among brand awareness, switching intentions, purchasing behavior, and revisiting intentions. Brand awareness consisted of three factors: brand image, physical environment, and affiliation of coffee brand. Good brand image was associated with reduced switching intentions, whereas negative images were associated with higher switching intentions. Consumer purchasing behavior was most affected by interior decoration, including furniture, decorations, etc. Switching intentions had a negative relationship with revisiting intentions. Finally, purchasing behavior and revisiting intentions showed a positive correlation. As limitations, the only participants were university students, who are not representative of all consumers at coffee shops. Moreover, this study did not divide coffee shops into franchises and individually owned.

본 연구는 농촌관광마을의 브랜드 자산이 장소애착 및 친환경 행동의도와의 영향 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 농촌관광마을의 브랜드자산은 브랜드인지도, 브랜드이미지, 지각된 품질, 지각된 가치로 분류되었으며, 장소애착은 장소의존성, 장소정체성, 사회적 유대감으로 구분되었다. 친환경 행동의도는 단일차원으로 도출되었다. 가설검증 결과, 첫째, 농촌관광마을의 브랜드자산인 브랜드인지도, 브랜드이미지, 지각된 품질, 지각된 가치가 장소의존성에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 장소정체성은 친환경 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며, 장소의존성 또한 친환경 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 농촌관광마을의 브랜드자산 중 브랜드이미지와 지각된 가치가 친환경 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

In this paper we explore the relationships between brand-centered human resource management (HRM) and brand citizenship behavior. The roles of person-brand fit and brand commitment are discussed, and seven hypotheses presented. Using multilevel analysis, we test whether these concepts mediate the relationship between brand-centered HRM and brand citizenship behavior.

The main purpose of this study is to introduce and examine a multidimensional model of almost all relevant social media characteristics and their impact on brand perception and brand behavior. In order to incorporate social media’s high complexity we introduce our concept of SMURF and its related outcomes. Therefore we follow the original idea of Muniz and O’Guinn (2001) that define a brand community as a customer-customer-brand triad. Furthermore, we suggest an extension of their model that includes four dimensions covering all SMURF of a social media brand presence (SMBP), namely (1) customer-brand relation, (2) customer-customer relation, (3) customer-community relation and (4) customer-channel relation. For our defined core constituents of brand perception as well as for the essential elements of brand behavior already existing and tested reflective measures were used. Regarding the multidimensional construct of SMURF, the measurement instrument by Wiedmann, et al. (2013) was used. In detail, any SMURF core element was captured with one global item. Furthermore, any reflective and formative measures were specified to those brand and Facebook fan page which has been tracked most frequently by the respondent. The first contribution is to provide a multidimensional framework of value-based drivers of SMURF with special focus on an overall brand presence context. Second, the findings contribute to explain the consequences of social media attractiveness such as unique relevance features which provide a great brand appeal. In this study, customers who are strongly attracted to a brand fan page experience a high positive brand perception as well as a high positive brand behavior. Third, the empirical findings of the applied PLS-SEM approach indicate that customers have a specific motivation of being attracted and connected to a brand in a social media context.