The widespread and extensive use of glyphosate in agriculture has raised concerns about its potential impact on the quality and safety of agricultural products. Conventional detection methods require long analysis times, making them impractical for the rapid detection of large quantities of samples. Therefore, developing a fast and simple detection system for glyphosate pesticide residues is urgent. In this study, the development of a facile fluorescence probe synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method for the determination of glyphosate is an important step toward addressing the need for a fast and simple detection system. The present sensor was created using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a precursor, and the sensor operates by producing an “off–on” fluorescent signal. The bovine albumin-derived BSA-CDs emitted light yellow fluorescence, but this fluorescence was quenched (or suppressed) by the presence of Cu2+ ions. However, the fluorescence can be restored by the presence of glyphosate, which interacts with the Cu2+ ions to form a complex and release the BSACDs from suppression. The functional groups in glyphosate can capture Cu2+ and break the BSA-CDs/Cu2+ combinatorial system. The BSA-CDs/Cu2+ fluorescence quenching system had good selectivity for glyphosate. The detection limit of the BSA-CD/Cu2+ fluorescence sensor was 0.05 μg/mL. This developed method was utilized to successfully detect glyphosate in Chinese wheat. The average recoveries ranged from 98.9 to 100.7%, with a relative standard deviation < 3.0%, showing good prospects for practical applicability.

Plant-derived compounds have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory abilities contained inhibited β-hexosaminidase, ROS and NO release. Essential oils are natural volatile complex compounds that are characterized by a strong scent and produced by aromatic plants as various plant-derived compounds. The essential oil extracted from Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai (Z. coreanum) has various functional properties; however, little information is available regarding its anti-allergic inflammatory. A total of 17 compounds were detected in Z. coreanum oil, and the main component was estragole (50.86%). The tested Z. coreanum oil and estragole statistically inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase induced by antigen stimulation in RBL-2H3 cells. This Z. coreanum oil and estragole may stimulate the secretion of active oxygen (ROS) or nitric oxide (NO) which are considered to involved in anti-inflammatory events. Moreover, it is suggested that Z. coreanum oil and estragole may negatively control the production of SNARE proteins (VAMP7) at the tran-scriptional and translational levels in common. These results demonstrate that Z. coreanum oil and its major component, estragole, possess potent anti-inflammatory abilities that are coupled with antioxidant properties.

In the present work, AMC/ZnO, AMC/Au, and AMC/Zeo conjugated membranes was prepared by vapor induced phase separation (VIPS) method and used for fouling study. each membrane the nanoparticles [Zinc oxide (ZnO), gold(Au) & Zeolite (Zeo)] was used separately. The prepared membranes are characterized by surface morphology and contact angle to investigate the influence of nanoparticles. The fouling resistant ability of the AMC conjugated membranes was analyzed using bovine serum albumin(BSA) protein and calculated the series model analysis by means of resistance. The fouled membranes was investigated to realize the surface properties considered as essential for fouling propensity. The experimental results correlate the changes in BSA separation efficiency and fouling resistance properties of AMC conjugated membranes with surface morphology.

This study investigated the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as alternatives to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in in vitro maturation medium. The oocyte maturation, cumulus cell-oocyte gap junctional communication, and development of bovine embryos were determined by assessing their cell number, lipid content, mitochondrial activity, gene expression and cryo-tolerance. Oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 1 μg/ml estradiol-17ß, 10 μg/ml FSH, 10 ng/ml EGF, 0.6 mM cysteine, 0.2 mM sodium pyruvate and either 8% BSA (BSA group), 10% FBS (FBS group), or neither BSA nor FBS (TCM group), and followed by in vitro fertilization and the zygotes were cultured in SOF-BE1 medium. The differences in embryo development between experimental groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. We have shown that the percentages of embryos that underwent cleavage and formed a blastocyst were non significantly different among all experimental groups (37.4 ± 1.5% for FBS group vs. 31.1 ± 3.9% for BSA group and 34.5 ± 1.6% for TCM group, six replicates were performed). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the percentage of MII oocyte between FBS (71.8 ± 1.9%) and BSA groups (69.3 ± 2.3%). However, culture of oocytes with FBS increased (P < 0.05) the cumulus cell expansion as well as expression of gape junction proteins, CX37 and CX43, at both transcriptional and translation levels. We also found that FBS significantly increased total cell number and decreased the apoptotic index in day-8 blastocyst comparing to BSA group. The beneficial effects of BSA on embryos were associated with significantly reduced intracellular lipid content and increased mitochondrial activity in both oocytes and blastocyst. Taken together, these data suggest that supplementation of maturation medium with BSA, as alternatives to FBS, can be used as defined medium that support consistently the development of IVP bovine embryos.

Until recently, there have been many researches about the freezing methods and several methods of cryopreservation. Hypothermic preservation has been used to complement the embryo freezing technology. There is a study to show the successful results for long-term hypothermic preservation. For that reason, FBS and BSA are commonly added to the culture medium to support embryo development. We investigated the effectiveness of hypothermic preservation method at 4℃ according to embryonic developmental stages for Hanwoo embryos and evaluated the effect of FBS and BSA on Hanwoo embryos as a supplemental reagent in hypothermic preservation medium after recovering preserved embryos from hypothermic preservation. The present study reported that survival and hatching rates of embryos at morula stage following storage at 4℃ is Day 7 group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared than those of other groups (p < 0.05). As a result, the survival and hatching rates of embryos at the blastocyst stage following storage at 4℃ result is showed that significantly higher (p < 0.05) survival rates than those of other groups an Day 6. The result showed that hatching rate at Day 6 and 7 were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with other groups. The result regarding the survival and hatching rates of bovine embryos following storage at 4℃ for 72 h in various concentrations of BSA are shown The results showed that survival rate of 1% BSA group was not significantly different (p < 0.05) compare with control (FBS) group. Also, the results showed that hatching rate of control (FBS) and 1% BSA were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared with other groups. In conclusion, our result demonstrated that the hypothermic preservation did not effect on the survival and hatching rates of embryos after recovering. In addition, the supplementation of BSA in preservation medium showed no difference in the embryo developmental competence after hypothermic preservation compared to FBS treatment. With that, BSA can be an alternative reagent for the hypothermic preservation medium as an energy source and pH buffer.

Nanoparticles are widely used in various fields such as electronics, medicines and getting focus on the application in food industry for developing intelligent delivery system with bioactive ingredients or functional nutrients. Basic study on possible toxicological effect of food applicable nanoparticles is required for a practical application in food industry. In this study, size-controlled bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles were prepared by a desolvation method and their cytotoxicity was investigated. BSA nanoparticles were prepared with mean diameters as 115, 137, 159, and 299 nm, then cytotoxicity was evaluated with RAW 264.7 macrophages as in vitro model. Cell viabilities were significantly affected as increasing nanoparticle concentration. Smaller the sizes of nanoparticles, LD50 values were significantly reduced. LD50 values of BSA nanoparticles were 50, 65, 126, and 170 μg/ml, respectively. Nanoparticle was supposed to induce the apoptosis of RAW 264.7 marcrophages and underlying mechanism will be investigated in future. These findings will be used as valuable basement for nanofood development with BSA nanoparticles.

실리카 입자를 기공 형성제로 사용하여 물리적 강도와 단백질 결합용량이 높은 다공성 키토산 및 키틴 친화 막을 제조하였다. 키토산 친화 막의 BSA 단백질 결합용량은 최대 21.8mg/mL이었으며, 키틴 친화 막의 lysozyme 효소 결합용량은 최대 26.1mg/mL이었다. 제조된 다공성 키토산 및 키틴 친화 막을 사용하여 단백질 용액의 loading 유량, loading 양 및 농도 변화에 따른 BSA와 lysozyme의 친화 막 여과 크로마토그래피 분리 실험을 수행하였다. 친화 막 여과 크로마토그래피 분리 실험을 통해 얻어진 loading/washing/elution의 단계로 구성된 일련의 크로마토그램으로부터 단백질 용출량과 결합수율을 구하였다. 키토산 및 키틴 친화 막에의 BSA 및 lysozyme 단백질의 결합량과 결합수율은 loading용액의 유량이 작을수록, 주입량 및 농도가 클수록 증가하였다. 이 결과로부터 실리카 입자를 기공 형성제로 사용하여 제조된 다공성 키토산 및 키틴 막은 단백질의 대규모 여과 크로마토그래피 분리를 위한 친화 막으로서 효과적인 활용이 기대된다.

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of addition of and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium on porcine embryo production. The development rate to the 2 cell () and blastocyst stages () with different BSA concentrations in IVM medium were similar among treatment groups. Blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the control group (0.0mg/ml) than in the group of 1.0mg/ml supplement (20.0% vs. 0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell () and blastocyst stages () with different concentrations in IVM medium was similar among treatment groups. The development rate to the blastocyst was significantly higher in the group of 1.0mg/ml(15.3%) than in the group of 0.5mg/ml supplement (7.6%, p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell and blastocyst stages following the first addition of in IVM medium was significantly higher in the control group (77.0% and 18.9%) and was (77.2% and 16.9%) greater than that observed in other treatment groups (p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage () and blastocyst stages () with different BSA concentrations in IVC medium was similar among treatment groups. However, blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the group of 3.0mg/ml supplement (30.0%) than in the control group (0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage (), blastocyst () and hatching stages () were not different. The development rate to the 2 cell stage (), blastocyst () and hatching stages () at the different culture periods were similar among treatment groups. This study suggested that if the addition level and periods of addition are adjusted, it is possible to replace BSA in the in vitro porcine embryo production.

전기방사법을 이용하여 제조된 pelyestersulfone (PES)-bovin albumin serum (BSA) 친화막에 대하여 L-tryptophan에 대한 흡착특성을 연구하였다. FESEM과 Image Analyzer를 이용하여 방사조건에 따른 섬유의 직경분포를 비교분석 함으로써 섬유의 직경을 조절할 수 있음을 알았다. 또한, 2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol (HFB)와 BSA의 함량증가에 따른 미세섬유 발생빈도가 높아져서 Darcy 투과도, 기계적 물성, 발수성이 증가한다는 것을 알았다. L-tryptophan의 용출량은 tris-HCl 완충용액보다 borate-DMSO 완충용액에서 높았으며, A 8022형 BSA보다 A 7906형 BSA가 높은 용출량을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 BSA의 종류에 따른 그 특성에 기인하는 것으로 A 7906형은 A 8022형보다 순도가 높고 분자량 분포가 고르며, 사용 pH 환경이 더욱 안정적이기 때문이다.

This study was designed to evaluate effects of BSA, PVA, gonadotropins and follicle shell during IVM of porcine oocytes and subsequent development to the blastocyst stage after IVF. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in TCM-199 media containing 4 mg/ml BSA and 1 mg/ml PVA during IVM for 44 hr. To compare the effect of gonadotropins on oocyte maturation, COCs were cultured with FSH+LH, FSH, LH and FSH-LH-free media during IVM, respectively. Also, different number of follicle shells (0, 2, 4 and 6) was used to examine whether the presence of follicle shell in culture medium affects oocyte maturation. The percentages of fertilization and blastocyst formation, respectively, were higher in the medium containing the PVA (49.0 and 17.9%) than those containing the BSA (40.0 and 12.2%). Significantly higher rates of MII oocytes were in the presence of FSH+LH and FSH (88.6 and 85.1%) compared to other treatments (64.0 and 53.4% at LH and FSH-LH-free media). Co-culture with inverted follicle shells in 2 ml maturation medium enhanced the developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In conclusion, PVA could be used as a macromolecules instead of BSA, and FSH and follicle shell played important roles in maturation of porcine oocytes.

이 글은 특허의 질을 향상하고 특허제도를 개선하기 위한 미국 하원의 법사위원회 소위원회에서 BSA가 증언한 것을 그 내용으로 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 BSA의 Lutton 변호사는 소프트웨어 및 컴퓨터산업의 중요성을 강조하면서, 불량한 특허를 차단하기 위한 두 번째 기회를 제공하기 위한 특허허여 이후의 과정의 강화, 더욱 광범위한 특허청구범위가 있는 특허의 끊임없는 과정에 이르게 하는 남용적인 계속(continuation) 절차의 축소, 선행기술의 수용에 대한 보다 더 훌륭한 지지 및 특허심사관의 심사의 정도를 반영하는 현재 기록 구축을 위한 보다 더 훌륭한 절차, 특허·상표청의 적절한 교육 및 예산지원 등에 초점을 맞추어서 제안을 하였다. 특히 특허 이후의 절차, 미국 특허법상 계속 절차의 남용, 선행기술의 범위, 교육과 예산, 특허소송의 문제점, 징벌적 손해배상의 문제점, 금지명령의 허여, 무효에 대한 증명책임, 특허 무효에 대한 증명책임, 미국 내에서의 R&D의 억제 등 소프트웨어 및 컴퓨터산업과 관련된 특허제도의 문제점을 제기하고 이를 개선하기 위한 BSA의 의견을 개진하였다. 소위원회의 위원장님과 위원 여러분, 저는 Richard Lutton이며 Apple의 수석 특허변호사입니다. 저는 오늘 BSA(Business Software Alliance)를 대표하여 이 자리에 나왔습니다. BSA는 오늘 여러분들 앞에서 이러한 중요한 주제에 관하여 증언할 기회를 가지게 된 것을 환영합니다. 우리는 여러분들이 이러한 청문회를 열고 특허제도를 개선하기 위하여헌신해주시는것에대하여감사를드립니다. 지난 주에 발행된 법사위원회 자료는 BSA가 특허개혁이 적시(適時)라고 생각하는 2개의 중요한 분야, 곧 특허·상표청(PTO)이 허여하는 특허의 질을 개선하고 및 과도한 특허소송이 현재 야기하는 혼란스러운 효과를 완화시키는 2가지 분야를 적절하게 제시하였습니다. 전체적으로 BSA는 법사위원회 자료에서 제시된 접근방법과 쟁점을 지지하며, 우리는 여러분들이 이러한 작업을 함에 따라 여러분과 함께 작업하기를 기대하고 있습니다. 후에 좀 더 상세히 설명드리는 바와 같이 자료에 나타나 있는 내용을 보다 더 명료하게 하거나 변경을 가하여야 하는 분야들이 있으며 고려할 가치가 있다고 믿고 있지만 자료에는 나타나 있지 않는 몇몇 쟁점들도 있습니다. 소프트웨어 및 컴퓨터 산업은 혁신과 성장을 견인하는 창조적인 엔진입니다. 이러한 산업의 제품 및 서비스는 개인 및 조직에게 지적으로, 효과적으로 그리고 생산적으로 운영하기 위하여 필요한 도구를 제공합니다. 실제로 지난 과거 30년 동안 소프트웨어 및 컴퓨터는 경제성장, 기업의 경쟁력 및 개인의 삶의 질에 중요한 역할을 해 왔습니다. 세계의 모든 사람들은 통신을 하고, 전세계적으로 연결을 하며, 일터에서 보다 더 능률적으로 작업을 수행하고, 예술이나 취미 및 여가활동을 보다 더 완벽하게 즐기기 위하여 소프트웨어 및 컴퓨터 산업의 도구에 의존하고 있습니다. BSA의 회원사들은 특허의 질 및 개선에 관한 소위원회의 작업에 대하여 상당한 관심을 가지고 있습니다. BSA는 소프트웨어 및 컴퓨터 회사들 중 25%를 초과하는 회사들을 대표하며 연간 수익이 3,000억 달러를 초과합니다. BSA 회원사들은 모두 합치면 약 10만 개의 미국 특허를 보유하고 있습니다. BSA 회원사들은 특허소송에서 모두 원고의 입장이 되기도 하고 피고의 입장이 되기도 합니다. BSA의 많은 회원사들은 회원사의 특허에 의하여 보호되는 기술을 허락을 받고 이용하는 것을 장려하고 다른 회사들의 특허권을 존중하기 위한 이용허락 프로그램을 마련해 두고 있습니다. 간단하게 말하면, 특허는 정보기술회사들이 연구를 하고 이들 회사들이 상품 및 서비스를 개발하고 상업화하는데 필수적인 역할을 수행합니다. BSA 회원사들은, 대부분의 혁신자들이 창고에서 힘든 작업을 하거나, 대학실험실에서 실험하거나, 소비자들에게 상품 및 서비스를 제공하는 대규모 회사에서 일을 하는가에 관계없이, 특허제도가 대부분의 혁신자들을 위하여 근본적으로 정상적이며 훌륭하게 작동하고 있다고 믿고 있습니다. 따라서 우리는 특허법을 정기적으로 검토하고 새로이 조정하는 것이 훌륭한 생각일 뿐만 아니라 특허가 기술적인 과정에서 지극히 중요한 부분이 되도록하는데 필수적인 것이라고 믿고 있습니다. 현재의 특허제도는 질이 저하된 매우 많은 특허를 야기해왔고 생산적인 회사에 손해를 주고 혁신을 억압하도록 위협하는 열등한 특허를 주장하는 경향을 증가시켜 왔습니다. BSA 회원사들은 특허개혁에 대하여 실용적이고 문제해결적인 측면에서 접근하고자 합니다. 우리는 우리 기업들의 일상적인 업무에 대하여 특정의 문제점을 제기하는 법과 실무 분야에 주의를 집중시키고 있습니다. 따라서 우리는 특허개혁이 특허허여와 관계되는 행정제도와 특허 집행과 관계되는 소송제도를 다루어야 한다고 믿고 있습니다.

본 연구의 목적은 3주 동안 장기간 냉각상태로 보관된 개 정자의 기능적 특성을 알아보고자 두 종류의 정자 희석액, Glucose-BSA(G-BSA), Dimitropoulos-II(BIMI)가 정자의 기능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 개 정액을 수지법에 의해 채취하여 원심분리한 후 정장은 제거하였다. 정자를 G-BSA나 DIMI으로 희석하여 최종 농도를 sperm/ml로 하였다. 희석된 정자를 정자 운송 시스템을 이용하여 루지애나 주립 대학

방사선 그라프트 중합법을 적용하여, 폴리에틸렌 다공성 중공사막에 전자선을 조사시킨 후, glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)를 그라프트 중합하였다. 그 후, 음이온 교환기로서 diethylamine (DEA), triethylamine (TEA)를 도입시켜 2종류의 음이온 교환막을 합성하였다. DEA막과 TEA막의 이온교환 밀도는 3.4 mmol/g, 1.74 mmol/g으로 DEA막이 TEA막보다 높은 이온교환기를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 2종류의 음이온교환막에 단백질(bovine serum albumin, BSA)을 투과법에 의해 고정시켜 BSA 고정막을 만들었다. DEA-BSA막의 경우, 그라프트 체인에 BSA가 8층 이상으로 다층 흡착하였으나, TEA-BSA막의 경우, 강한 음이온에 의해 다층 흡착이 이루어지지 않았다. DEA-BSA막의 경우, BSA 다층 흡착성 고정을 나타내기 때문에 L-Trp가 D-Trp보다 더 강한 흡착 특성을 나타내었다. L, D-Trp 이성질체 혼합물을 투과시킨 BTC에 있어서, DEA-BSA 막의 경우, BSA에 대한 L-Trp와 D-Trp의 키랄 인식이 다르기 때문에 2단계의 BTC곡선을 얻을 수 있었다.

To make up the medium for quantitative selection of capacitated-sperm through sucrose layer, the effects of BSA, caffeine, heparin and progesterone on sperm swim-up migration and movement were examined. And the results obtained were as follows; 1. BSA of 4mg/ml in bMSS stimulated sperm migration and movement, and attracted capacitated-sperm. 2. Caffeine of 5mM in bMSS containing 4mg/ml BSA stimulated sperm movement and attracted capacitated-sperm. 3. Heparin of 20/ml in bMAA containing both 4mg/ml BSA and 5mM caffeine stimulated movement and capacitation of sperm. 4. Progesterone of 50/ml in bMSS containing all 4mg/ml BSA, 5mM caffeine and 20/ml heparin (BCHP-MSS) attracted capacitated-sperm. 5. Effect of BCHP-MSS on sperm on sperm attraction was not different from effect of 10% follicular fluid solution (FF-MSS) on sperm swim-up separation. In conclusion, bMSS with 4mg/ml BSA, 5mM caffeine, 20/ml heparin and 50/ml progesterone(BCHP-MSS) was a optimal condition for selection of capacitated-sperm through sucrose layer.

The aim of this study is to elucidate sperm chemotaxis and to set up the optirnal condition for selection of motile and capacitated sperm from hovine frozen-semen. Thus, the effects of semen-washing after thawing, concentrations of progesterone (P4) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sperm-washing frequency on sperm selection were examined. For evaluating their effects, number, viability and acrosome reaction of sperm swim-up seperated from semen, which were incubated for 30 minutes at 36 in the M2 solution containing P4 and BSA, were investigated. For frozen-semen just after thawing, sperm recovery and viability were not significantly different between P4-treated and -untreated semen. However, washing frozen-semen decreased the number of sperm and increased the viability of sperm that were recovered from semen treated with P4. Progesterone affected the recovery rate, the viability and the acrosome-reaction rate of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen. Especially, number of motile and capacitated sperm were highest in semen treated with 50g /ml among 0, 20, 50 and 100g /ml of P4 concentrations. BSA affected the recovery rate and the viability of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen that were treated with 50g /ml of P4. Especially, the percentage of viable sperm were highest in semen treated with 4mg /ml among 0, 2, 4, and 6mg /ml of BSA concentrations. Repeatedly sperm-washing did not affect the recovery rate and the viability of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen that were treated with 50g /ml of P4 and 4mg /ml of BSA In conclusion, using progesterone and BSA could efficiently make the selection of motile and capacitated sperm from washed frozen-semen.