This study quantitatively assessed the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events on the suitability zones and dry matter yield (DMY) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Korea. Baseline climate (2006–2015) and recent climate (2021–2023) conditions were compared using national meteorological and crop yield data. A significant decrease in total annual precipitation (−84.3 mm, p<0.001) was observed, while winter minimum temperatures showed a slight but statistically insignificant increase (+0.27°C, p = 0.111). Suitability zone classification based on agro-climatic zoning indicated regional shifts, particularly a decrease in the best suitable zones in 2021 and partial recovery by 2023. Dry matter yield increased by 31.6% in central Korea due to improved winter survival under warmer conditions, while southern Korea experienced a 9.4% yield reduction in response to a severe spring drought in 2022. Pearson correlation analysis showed a moderate positive but non-significant relationship between precipitation and yield (r = 0.518, p = 0.292), and multiple linear regression explained 97.9% of yield variation (R² = 0.979). Precipitation had a stronger explanatory effect than temperature, suggesting that water availability is a more critical factor for forage productivity. These findings provide scientific evidence of regional climate sensitivity and support future data-driven cultivation planning.
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, REDD+ is a representative nature- based c limate s olution. The i nternational c ommunity r ecognizes that the RED D+ program is the most cost-effective way to mitigate climate change. Furthermore, REDD+ can achieve the net zero target. Private corporations aiming to achieve the net zero target pay attention to REDD+ projects. The objective of this study was to analyze the use of the REDD+ mechanism as one of key strategies for private corporations to achieve the net zero target and to propose new strategies for corporations to realize the net zero target. By participating in the REDD+ project, private corporations can create social benefits such as carbon emission reduction and conservation of biodiversity. By fulfilling their social responsibility in efforts to address the climate crisis, individual corporations can generate additional revenue by selling verified carbon credits in the voluntary carbon market. However, the fact that the project is carried out over a long period and must comply with stringent implementation rules can act as a barrier to participate in REDD+ projects. Investment in the climate sector has been steadily increasing in recent ESG trend. Related technology development and improved transparency in the carbon market are being achieved, which may operate as an incentive for private corporations to take the REDD+ project into account for their strategies to achieve the net zero target.
본 연구는 미국흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea)의 국내 잠재 서식지 변화를 분석하기 위해 기후 변화와 토지 피복 변화라는 주요 환경 요인을 종합 적으로 고려하여 서식 적합도를 예측하였다. 먼저, 전 지구적 출현 데이터를 바탕으로 MaxEnt 모델을 구축하여 기후 변화 시나리오에 따른 국내 서식 적합도 변화를 모의하였다. 이후, 토지 피복 변화에 따른 산림 및 시가지 내 미국흰불나방의 PRA를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 미국흰불나방의 적합 서식지는 태백산맥과 한라산 고산지대를 제외한 한국 대부분 지역에 분포할 것으로 예측되었다. SSP에 기반한 통합 기후-토지 피복 시나리오 에서 미국흰불나방의 PRA는 SSP1-2.6 시나리오에서는 2055s, 2085s가 각각 66,934 km2에서 67,363 km2로 증가한 반면, SSP3-7.0에서는 PRA는 66,676 km2에서 59,696 km2로 크게 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 그러나 모든 시나리오에서 미국흰불나방 PRA 백분율이 여전히 전 국토 면적의 80%를 초과하기 때문에, 미국흰불나방에 대한 지속적인 방제 및 관리가 필요함을 시사한다. 본 연구는 국내에 광범위하게 퍼진 미국흰불나 방 개체군의 지속적인 관리가 필요함을 강조하며, 이를 토대로 미국흰불나방의 모니터링, 조기 경보, 예방 및 통제, 관리를 위한 기초 자료를 제공한 다. 또한, 기후 변화와 토지 이용 변화가 미국흰불나방의 서식 적합도에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 분석함으로써, 효과적인 방제 및 관리 전략 수립 에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
Recent global efforts to combat climate change have accelerated, with nations adopting carbon strategies such as carbon taxes and emission trading system (ETS) to support their net-zero commitments. These initiatives enable governments to enforce mitigation while maintaining their dual goal of fostering economic growth. Vietnam, a developing country, has emerged as a proactive participant by launching a national ETS, drawing from international best practices and domestic geographical advantages. This article examines the process and challenges involved in designing and implementing an ETS in Vietnam, exploring the necessary policy frameworks, institutional structures, and market mechanisms. It highlights key considerations such as the selection of sectors and entities to be covered, the allocation of emission allowances, and the establishment of new market management solutions. This article concludes with strategic recommendations to support the development of a successful and sustainable ETS mechanism in developing country like Vietnam.
The escalating impacts of climate change are compelling individuals to flee their homes, giving rise to a new category of refugees known as climate refugees. Despite clear evidence linking climate change to forced migration, the protection of these refugees’ human rights remains unaddressed by any existing international legal framework. This paper explores the necessity of embracing a new comprehensive international legal framework tailored to climate refugees. It advocates for a legal framework that addresses prevention and remedies the issues faced by climate refugees and ensures their human rights are safeguarded. We also argued that the Comprehensive International Legal Framework should have a collective obligation to safeguard the rights of climate refugees on the global scale and to provide a solution that integrates the various rules of law, meets humanitarian needs, and is tailored to the protection of the rights of climate refugees.
This study examines the price elasticity of demand for mackerel in the Busan Cooperative Fish Market, the largest wholesale fish market in South Korea. Using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach, the analysis addresses endogeneity in pricing by incorporating exogenous environmental variables, such as sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed. The study estimates demand elasticity for three size categories of mackerel-large, medium, and small-and reveals significant differences across these categories. Large-size mackerel exhibits inelastic demand (-0.875), reflecting its status as a staple product with relatively stable consumer demand. Medium-size mackerel shows highly elastic demand (-2.450), likely due to its role as a substitute for both large and small mackerel. Small-size mackerel also demonstrates high elasticity (-3.444), attributed to its primary use in feed and processing, where demand is particularly sensitive to price changes. Diagnostic tests confirm the validity and relevance of the instrumental variables, with SST and wind speed strongly correlated with price but uncorrelated with consumer demand. These findings highlight the critical role of size-specific market characteristics in shaping price elasticity and provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to better manage mackerel supply and ensure pricing stability.
연속철근 콘크리트 포장(CRCP: Continuously Reinforced Cement Pavement)은 시멘트 콘크리트 포장 공법 중 하나이 다. 한국형 포장 설계법(KPRP: Korean Pavement Research Program)은 국내 실정에 맞게 개발된 도로 포장 설계법으 로, 2011년에 최초로 개발되었다. 현재 최신 버전은 2016년 4월에 발표된 것으로, 이후 약 9년간 업데이트가 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국형 포장 설계법 내 기존 CRCP 해석 모듈을 분석하고 이를 개선하는 것이다. 또한, 본 연 구에서 개선된 CRCP 해석 모듈은 추후 개발 예정인 고속도로 역학적-경험적 포장 설계법(EXPD: EXpressway Pavement Design)에 적용될 예정이다. 기존 KPRP의 연속철근 콘크리트 포장 설계법은 과거의 기상 데이터를 이용하여 슬래브에 가해지는 환경 하중에 의한 응력을 계산한다. 포장이 미래의 공용수명 20년을 버텨야 하나, 과거의 기상 데이터를 통해 계산된 환경 하중에 의한 응 력을 고려하도록 설계법이 구성되어 있는 현실이다. 과거의 기상 데이터가 아닌 기후변화 예측 모형을 통해 예측된 기상 데이터를 기존 포장 설계법에 적용한다면, 보다 타당한 공용성 해석 결과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 국립기상 과학원에서 배포한 IPCC 6차 평가보고서(AR6) 대응 전지구 기후변화 전망보고서에서 제시한 최신 온실가스 경로(SSP, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways)에 따라 산출된 신규 전지구 기후변화 시나리오 4종 중에서 가장 최악의 시나리오인 SSP-8.5로 가정하였을 때에 예측된 기상 데이터를 이용하여 공용성 해석 결과인 펀치아웃(Punchout) 개수와 포장 두께 변화에 대하여 분석해보았다.
Purpose: This study aimed to measure the level of patient advocacy (the core attribute), nursing professionalism and ethical climate perceived by hospital nurses in Korea, and to identify factors influencing patient advocacy (the core attribute). Method: This study was conducted on 234 full-time nurses who had been working for more than 1 year at a general hospital located in a provincial city in Korea. Data were collected from November 15 to 30, 2024, using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results: Among patient advocacy, ‘safeguarding patients’ autonomy’ was explained by 30.0% by professional self-concept, patients, and professional identity in nursing, ‘acting on behalf of patients’ was explained by 34.0% by professional self-concept, role of nursing practice, patients, originality of nursing, and professional identity in nursing, and ‘championing social justice’ was explained by 36.0% by professional self-concept, patients, and managers. Conclusion: In order to improve patient advocacy of hospital nurses, it could be concluded that improving professional self-concept among the sub-factors of nursing professionalism and improving patients among the sub-factors of ethical climate are very effective. Therefore, nursing managers need to make managerial efforts to improve nurses’ professional self-concept and awareness of patients.
전국 태양광 발전시설의 효율적인 보급을 위해 9개 도 지역별 기상 데이터를 활용한 DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) 효율성 분석 결과를 도출하고자 한다. 국내 태양광 중심으로 설비보급과 발전 비중이 빠른 속도로 증가 중이며 재생에너지 전력 생산의 효율적 개편을 위해 기후변화에 따른 기상 예측 정보를 활용하고 있다. 본 연구는 신재생 에너지 정책의 시사점이 높았던 2020∼2022년의 기상청 데이터와 과거 30년 평균(1981년 ∼2012년) 데이터를 기준으로 일사량 변화에 의한 발전량 예측 모델을 시뮬레이션했다. 특히 기상 데이터와 실제 발전량 사이 관계를 분석하여 투입 산출 변수와 관련 있는 연구모형의 효율성을 파악하였다. 태양광 발전시설의 안정적인 운영과 관리를 통해 최상의 발전시설 상태를 유지하고, 전력량을 끌어올리기 위해 전문적이고 차별화된 운영관리 (O&M) 서비스 제공이 필요하다.
기후변화로 인해 국내에서의 기온, 강수량, 호우일수가 증가 할 것으로 예측됨에 따라, 토양 답압과 높은 불투수면적 비율이 나타나는 도심지를 중심으로 정원과 공공녹지에 활용되는 식물 소재에 있어 내침수성이 중요한 특성으로 부각될 가능성이 높 다. 그러나 내침수성 식물소재에 대한 대다수의 문헌은 재배경 험이나 각 종의 서식지 환경에 기반하고 있는 경우가 많아 실험 적 검증이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 토양수분함량이 높은 서식지에서 기원한 골등골나물(Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.), 새등골나물(E. fortunei Turcz.), 좀개미취(Aster maackii Regel) 3개 종과 중간인 서식지에서 기원한 까실쑥부쟁이 (A. ageratoides Turcz.) 1개 종의 침수조건에 대한 생육반응 비교로 서식지 환경이 내침수성 평가의 유효한 지표인지 알아보 고자 하였다. 실험대상 종을 6주간 무처리(대조구), 5일 침수처리, 7일 침수처리한 결과, 골등골나물과 새등골나물은 대조구와 처리구간 생육반응에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않아 높은 수준 의 내침수성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 좀개미취는 생장반응이 처리구에서 대조구 대비 유의하게 감소하여 내침수성은 제한적 인 것으로 보였으나, 5일 침수처리구에서 광계 II의 최대양자효 율(Fv/Fm)이, 두 처리구 모두에서 지상부 대비 지하부의 비율 (R/S율)이 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 침수조건의 해 소 후 회복 가능성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 까실쑥부쟁이는 처리 4 주차에 모든 처리구에서 100%의 고사율을 보여 내침수 성을 갖추지 못한 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로, 서식지 환경 은 내침수성과 관련이 있다 할 수 있었으나, 내침수성의 정확한 평가를 위해서는 토양수분함량 외 다양한 환경요소들을 함께 고려해야할 필요성이 있을 것으로 보인다.
Environmental changes play a significant role in the introduction, dispersal, and establishment of invasive species. This study aims to predict the habitat suitability of the newly invasive pest P. absoluta in South Korea by thoroughly considering key environmental factors, including climate and land cover changes. First, the MaxEnt model was developed to simulate changes in habitat suitability using global occurrence data and future climate change scenarios. Subsequently, potential risk areas (PRAs) for P. absoluta within agricultural regions were analyzed based on land cover changes. The results indicated that under all Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenario combinations, the PRA for SSP1 and SSP3 in 2055 were similar, with values of 47.85% and 48.62%, respectively. However, by 2085, these areas showed a marked decrease to 39.28% and 28.52%, respectively. These findings suggest that the PRA for P. absoluta is expected to be most critical in the near future as climate and land-use changes continue to progress. This study emphasizes the urgent need for ongoing monitoring and management to prevent further invasion and spread of P. absoluta into new regions of South Korea. Additionally, it provides scientific evidence to support the development of effective control and management strategies. By thoroughly evaluating the impact of climate and land cover changes on invasive species management, this research presents a foundational framework for predicting the spread and risks of P. absoluta under future climate scenarios.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the carbon storage capacity of broad-leaf forests in Republic of Korea through the analysis of studies related to carbon storage and carbon uptake, and to analyse the relationship between climatic factors affecting carbon storage capacity. We analysed the results of each previous study by summarising the research results of 55 previous studies collected through search, and organised the study area information and climate factors (elevation, average annual temperature, annual precipitation, etc.). And the carbon storage and net primary production of the above and below-ground and the whole plant were evaluated and the correlation with the climatic factors was statistically analysed. The analysis showed that the carbon storage of broad-leaved forests was positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with precipitation. These results mean that carbon accumulation in plants is more effective at higher altitudes with lower temperatures, and that broad-leaf forests are able to adapt and perform carbon storage functions in areas with low precipitation. Carbon uptake was negatively correlated with altitude and positively correlated with temperature. This means that the carbon absorption capacity of broad-leaved forests is greatly affected by temperature, and that the carbon absorption potential is greater in lowlands. Therefore, policies should be actively established to increase and preserve the carbon storage capacity of forests by considering the characteristics of the ecosystem functions of broadleaf forests and climate factors. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding of the carbon cycle of broad-leaved forests and to the development of management measures, and to provide scientific data for carbon neutrality.
Climate change significantly impacts biodiversity, particularly for endemic species in restricted habitats. This study focuses on the Korean fir (Abies koreana), an alpine conifer species in South Korea, to evaluate potential habitat changes under SSP climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5- 8.5). Using high-resolution ensemble climate data from the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) and integrating 10 species distribution models (SDMs) into an ensemble model, we predicted habitat suitability for the period 2010~2090. The species data was refined and constructed with a focus on location data so that it could be used in this model, using the National Ecosystem Survey, Baekdudaegan Conservation Area Survey of the National Institute of Ecology, and the National Park Natural Resources DB of National Park Service. The results identified BIO1 (mean annual temperature) and BIO13 (Precipitation of Wettest Month) as the most influential bioclimatic variables for habitat suitability. SSP1-2.6 exhibited fluctuating habitat area with partial recovery by 2070s, while SSP5-8.5 projected a near-complete loss of suitable habitats by 2090s. The ensemble model demonstrated robust performance, providing reliable predictions across all scenarios. This study highlights the substantial impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Abies koreana and underscores the importance of understanding these changes to preserve vulnerable alpine ecosystems.