Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology offers many opportunities for use in influencer marketing. There is however, no standardised ethical frameworks for use in this specific field. We offer a foundation framework to emphasise the social well-being goal and relate it to stakeholders involved.

일반적으로 분노경향이 높은 사람들은 공격적인 행동을 하는 경향이 높다. 이러한 분노와 공격 간의 높은 상관관계는 다양한 사회적 문제를 야기하는 요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 관계를 완화하기 위한 개입이 필요하 다는 점에 주목하고, 공감의 두 차원인 공감적 관여(empathic concern)와 조망수용(perspective taking)이 특성분노와 공격성 간의 정적인 관계를 조절할 것이라는 가설을 검증해보았다. 학부생 329명을 대상으로 설문을 통해 특성분노 (분노경향성), 공격성, 공감적 관여, 조망수용 양상을 조사한 결과, 특성분노와 공격성 간의 관계를 공감적 관여는 조절한 반면, 조망수용은 조절하지 않았다. 우선 공감적 관여는 특성분노가 공격성을 높이는 관계를 약화시키는 기능을 보였는데, 이는 특성분노가 낮은 집단에서보다 높은 집단에서 더 강하게 나타났다. 반면, 특성분노가 높은 사람이나 낮은 사람이나 모두 특성분노와 공격성 간에 정적인 관계를 보이지만, 이는 조망수용 정도에 따라 다르지 않았 다. 이 결과는 공감의 기능이 정서적 인지적 측면에 따라 변별적으로 나타날 수 있으며, 특히 분노가 공격으로 이행 되는 과정에서는 정서적 측면의 공감이 인지적 측면에서의 공감보다 더 중요하다는 점을 보여준 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 마지막으로, 이러한 주요 결과와 함께 본 연구의 함의와 시사점, 추후 연구 방향이 함께 제시되었다.

본 연구는 골프연습장 이용객을 대상으로 골프 참여자의 건강신념과 환경관심도 및 운동지속에는 어떠한 관계가 있는지 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석과 상관관계분석을 실시하였고 모형을 설정한 뒤 구조방적식모형(SEM)을 통하여 변인간의 인과적 관계를 규명하였다. 이상과 같은 연구 방법과 연구모형 검증을 기초로 하여 본 연구에서 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 골프 참여자들의 건강 신념은 환경관심도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 골프 참여자들의 환경관심도는 운동지속에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 골프 참여자의 건강신념은 운동지속에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 골프 참여자의 건강신념과 운동지속의 관계에서 환경관심도는 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 골프참여자들이 골프를 통해 신체적, 심리적 건강효과를 증진시키고 나아가 골프 기술습득 이나 기량향상 등의 성취감을 만들어 환경관심도가 높아진다면, 보다 나은 삶의 질을 영위할 수 있을 것이다.

2018년 12월, 미 국무부는 폼페이오 장관 명의로 낸 성명에서 알누스라 전선, 알카에다 아라비아반도 지부, 알카에다, 알샤바브, 보코하람, 후티 반군, 이슬람국가(ISIS), ISIS 호라산 지부, 탈레반은 특정 관심 기관(entities)으로 지정했다. 이는 국제정세의 변화와 테러 자금의 유입경로가 차단되고, 조직 내부적 기반이 변화되는 등 테러 조직이 스스로 약화된 구심력을 강화하기 위한 방안을 모색하는 과정에서 테러 양상의 확장과 다변화를 우려하는 시각의 표출로 볼 수 있다. 이 연구는 2016년-2018년의 특정 관심 기관의 동향을 통해 국제 테러리즘의 정세를 살펴보고자 한다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 향후 발생 가능한 테러리즘의 양상을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, ISIS의 중동지역에서의 세력 약화는 역설적이게도 풍선효과와 같이 중동 외의 지역에서 테러가 빈번하게 발생하는 효과가 나타나고 있다. 이로 인해 테러가 발생하는 국가의 수가 증가하여 지역적 다양화가 이루어지고 있다. 둘째, 유럽에서는 외국인 거주자의 비율, 무슬림 비율 이 증가될 것으로 판단되며, 경제 침체와 실업률 상승으로 인한 외국인 거주자의 불만을 조장하는 요인이 강화될 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 구체적이고 상징적인 공격 대상이 없다는 것도 최근 몇 년간 나타난 흐름을 보여 사전 예방적 대책들을 무력화시키고 있는 실정이며, 넷째, 테러 수법 및 유형에 있어 비기술적 방법이 일반화되고 있다. 다섯째는 테러리스트의 국적, 유형 등의 형태가 다양화되고 있고, 외로운 늑대형에서 늑대 무리형의 형태가 나타나고 있다

The trade war between the US and China in the Trump era has become a momentous event in the world economy. It is necessary to see how trade relations between them have played out within the WTO from a historical perspective. Since the Opium Wars, both economic and political concerns have changed the relationship between these two countries. The escalation from a trade conflict to trade war shows the rivalry between the US and China for hegemony in the twenty-first century’s regional and world politics. The economic, technological, and manufacturing competition that is a part of hegemonic rivalry is not totally new; this is borne out by the history of the US-China economic relations. The escalation of this ‘trade war’ now has spill-over effects on other countries, being beyond the normative framework of the WTO. There is an impasse in this ongoing saga, but the silver lining is that there will be a re-construction of the multilateral trading system.

In recent years, maintaining transparency has become a trend among brands, and a better level of supply chain transparency has been demonstrated to positively affect consumer environmental concern and conscious behavior. Consumers may accept transparency efforts as a signal of the brand goodwill and perceive it as a visibly sustainable effort that can convert brand trust. In the information transparency trend, eco-certification plays an important role as a tool to inform consumers about sustainability. However, facing large amounts of information, consumers spend much time filtering information, so the accuracy of the obtained information can be compromised. The Higg index is a sustainable verification platform that reveals the entire activities of supply chains. However, most consumers are facing an overload of information that could confuse their processing of any information. In this context, the present study seeks to examine the effect of business transparency to conscious consumer behavior and purchase intention. Second, this study deals with the moderating effects of sustainable knowledge on the relationship between business transparency, environmental concern, and brand trust. Third, we explore the effects of high and low level of consume knowledge of sustainability on the relationship between business transparency and brand trust. In terms of the methodology used in the present study, an off-line survey of Korean consumers was conducted. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis aiming to test the proposed model and research hypothesis. The mains results of this study are as follows. First, business transparency has a positive effect on environmental concern, brand trust, and consumer willingness to conscious behavior. Second, consumer sustainable knowledge has a moderating effect on business transparency for environmental concern and brand trust. Taken together, the findings of the present study provide meaningful implications for marketers by highlighting the importance of transparency and introduction of a transparent eco-certification for communication with consumers. To successfully influence consumer willingness to assume conscious behavior, brands are advised to provide standardized transparency labels, rather than complicated information.

We investigate the construct of privacy concern and its dimensions, together with its expected counterbalance, trust in the information collector, on willingness to disclose different information types to a digital seller in a multicountry study. This issue is critical, given the evolution of technologies that now allow for the collection and analysis of a huge amount of data. We conceptualise consumers’ privacy concerns as the extent to which a consumer is concerned about (Milberg, et al., 2000; Rose, 2006): (1) the general collection of personal information (data collection), (2) unauthorised secondary use (data secondary usage), (3) improper access (data access) and (4) errors (data accuracy). The first contribution of our research is that we will verify the validity of the four dimensions of information privacy concern in a multiple-country study. We then develop a model by testing the impacts of privacy concern and trust on the willingness to disclose sensitive and non-sensitive information. First, our results validate the privacy concern scale based on the four dimensions (data collection, data secondary usage, data access and data accuracy) in eight countries and show that information disclosure can contain an inner trap based on customer training to disclose information that may transform information disclosure in an habit that increases willingness to share that may overcome the effects of privacy concern and trust on customers’ intended behaviours, opening possibilities of potential harmful behaviours on the part of companies to get data from their prospects that should be carefully monitored and managed.

Consumer interest in eco-friendly fashion products has been consistent. While most relevant research emphasizes individual morals and environmental concern as the most crucial determinants to eco-friendly consumption behavior, more recent studies point out that in so doing there has been somewhat a neglectance on the importance of fundamental marketing strategies. More specifically, the crucial role of interior colors in fashion retail stores has been managerially considered something certain yet no empirical results have been found to support such a strong managerial assumption. For instance, colors such as green, blue, and brown are believed to represent natural images and are more appropriate to the eco-friendly marketing and the relevant research has been lacking. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the effect of in-store interior design colors (green versus non-green) on consumer perception of green store images. A total of 382 respondents were gathered for an online survey using differing store images as the stimulus and used for testing hypotheses. In the results, respondents exposed to store images using green interior colors reported a higher evaluation of green store image of the store. The effect is found to be significantly moderated by respondent’s environmental concern: to explain, respondents of high environmental concern are less influenced by green color interiors when they evaluate the brand’s eco-friendly image. In sum, the positive influence of green interior colors on green store image is found statistically significant, with its stronger effect for consumers of low concern. Managerial and academic discussions are provided.

The purpose of this study was to analyze University student’s dietary behavior for processed foods and recognition on food nutrition labelling according to the degree of health concern. For this study, 302 University students in Gyeonggi region was surveyed by questionnaire from May in 2016 and it included the questions about general matters, dietary behavior on processed foods, and the food nutrition label system. It was analysed by SPSS win 23.0 program. And the results are as follows. According to the result of the factor analysis, the preference of processed foods were showed 3.21~3.97. There were significant differences in milk and milk products preference according to health concern (p<0.05). Also frequency of processed foods was shown significant differences in milk and milk products, noodles, beverage, and fast food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in meat products, snack, bread and frozen food (p>0.05). Also, the processed food purchase consideration according to health concern was shown significant differences in nutrition, origin, manufacturing company (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in taste, price, exterior, brand, and shelf life (p>0.05). Thus, it is necessary to do continuing public relations and to provide more opportunities for nutrition education so that the University students may obtain right dietary behavior on processed foods and the system of food nutrition indication be established properly.

Every day, large amounts of personal information are collected by private companies from consumers through multiple sources. Loyalty programs are one of the most popular tools, used to gather such information. Information that is used to offer more personalised options and to target more effectively their promotions. However, many consumers are still attracted to such programs because of the rewards and other benefits offered. Privacy concerns over loyalty programs seem to take their toll. According to a Colloquy (2015) report the numbers of active members is dropping and one of the main reasons cited in the report is privacy concerns. Declining numbers and increased privacy concerns raise the question of how concerned consumers appreciate the benefits offered by loyalty programs and how their satisfaction and loyalty are affected. Apparently, loyalty programs cannot always guarantee loyalty (Nielsen, 2013) as a large portion of consumers demand better protection of their privacy (Madden, 2014) and decline to subscribe to such programs over privacy concerns (Maritz, 2013). The objectives of this study are firstly to examine the underlying reasons behind consumers’ privacy perceptions and secondly to investigate how such perceptions alter consumers’ appraisal of the benefits offered by the loyalty program as well as satisfaction with the program and consumer loyalty. Based on a review of the relevant literature a set of testable hypotheses was developed.

This study examines consumer reaction to different luxury advertising information (promotion-focus vs. prevention-focus). Studies examine the relationship between consumers’ face concern and individual regulatory focus, and explore the relationship between face concern and luxury advertising type with a 2 (face concerns) × 2 (advertising information) experiment design.

This study aims to examine what factors affect the use of promotion advertisement of Social Network Game(SNG). The results show that the user's age has significant impact on privacy concern. The user's sex and SNG time don't make a difference to privacy concern. Privacy concern has an influence on the advertising attitude of SNG user's. As user had more privacy concern, user has lower attention and credibility, higher annoyingness. User's perception for usefulness, credibility of mobile game advertising and SNG time are proved to be effective factors on the use of SNG promotion advertisement.

본 연구는 장애인 돕기 캠페인에 대한 반응에 공감적 관심과 소구 유형(이성적/감성적)이 미치는 영향을 살펴 보았다. 공감적 관심은 이타적 동기를 활성화하는 감성적 개인 성향을 지칭한다. 실험은 2단계로 구성하였는데, 1단계에서는 피험자들의 공감적 관심의 정도를 측정하고 2단계에서는 이성적 소구와 감성적 소구로 차별화된 캠 페인을 보여주었다. 이에 따라 전체 실험은 공감적 관심(2) ✕ 이성적/감성적 유형(2)으로 설계되었다. 그 결과, 돕기 태도와 행위 의도의 측정에서 공감적 관심과 소구 유형의 상호작용이 도출되었다. 이성적 소구에서 공감적 관심이 높은 개인들이 낮은 개인들에 비하여 상대적으로 호의적인 반응을 보여주었다. 감성적 소구에서는 공감 적 관심이 높고 낮음에 따라 차이가 없었다. 이 결과로부터 이타적 성향인 공감적 관심이 높은 개인들에게 이성 적 소구가 더 유용하다는 해석이 가능하여, 감성적 소구의 중요성을 강조해온 과거 돕기 캠페인 연구의 내용과 차별화된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of appearance concern and body satisfaction on the appearance management behavior of male college students. For data collection, a questionnaire was administrated to 538 male college students in Gwangju city, Korea, from June 1 to June 20, 2011. To analyze the data, the SPSS 18.0 statistics package was used, and descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis(Cronbach' α), regression analysis, path analysis, and t-test were conducted. The results were as follows. First, it appeared that concern of appearance had positive influences on the appearance management behavior. Also, there was a significant difference between the high-appearance-concern group and the low-appearance-concern group, as the high-appearance-concern group generally conducted greater appearance management behaviors than the low-appearanceconcern group. Second, it appeared that concern of appearance had positive influences on body satisfaction, especially, on the aspect of face-satisfaction. Further, the results showed that the high-appearance-concern group seemed to have a higher body satisfaction than the low-appearance-concern group. Third, the result suggested that body satisfaction generally had positive influences on the aspects of appearance management behavior. Fourth, it was found that appearance concern had direct impact on the appearances management behavior without mediation body satisfaction.

본 연구는 제7차 과학 교육과정에 대한 지구과학 교사들의 관심도와 활용도에 대한 조사연구로서 과학교육과정에 대한 관심도에 대한 고등학교 지구과학 교사들은 단계 0의 지각적 관심이 상대적 강도 98%로 가장 높은 정점을 이루고 있어 대부분의 선행연구의 결과와 같이 교사들이 교육과정에 대해 무관심한 것으로 나타났다. 과학교육과정에 대한 활용도에 대한 고등학교 지구과학 교사들의 과학 교육과정에 대한 영역별 활용도를 분석한 결과는 교사들이 교육과정을 거의 활용하지 않는 수준(I수준)이 1.69%, 지구과학 교육과정에 대한 정보를 갖고 활용하려는 준비가 되어 있는 수준(II수준)이 17.80%, 지구과학 교육과정을 반성적 사고없이 교사중심적으로 활용하는 수준(III수준)이 43.97%이었으며, 교육과정을 완전히 이해하고 수용하여 안정적으로 활용하는 교사수준(IV수준)이 31.86%, 장기적 결과를 생각하며 동료들과 협력하여 더 나은 방안을 탐색하는 수준(V수준)이 4.69%로 나타났다. 전체적인 활용수준은 기계적 활용수준(3단계)으로 나타났고 수업목표 영역(평균 3.28)과 내용 영역(평균 3.28)의 활용도가 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 성격 및 이념 영역(평균 3.24), 수업자료 영역(3.18), 평가 영역(3.18), 수업방법 영역(평균 3.12)의 순으로 나타났다. 경력에 따른 지구과학 교사들의 과학 교육과정에 대한 관심도는 0∼4년, 15∼19년, 20년 이상, 5∼9년 경력의 교사 집단 순이며 10∼14년 경력의 교사 집단이 교육과정에 대한 관심도가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다.