본 연구의 목적은 대학생이 지각한 진로장벽과 진로적응성의 관계에 서 성격강점과 진로결정자기효능감의 순차적 매개효과를 알아보는데 있 다. 이를 위해 2020년 9월 15일부터 한 달간 온라인 설문조사에 참여 한 4년제 대학 재학 남녀 대학생 385명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 진로장벽, 성격강점, 진로결정자기효능감, 진로적응성 모두 유의미한 상관관계를 확인하였다. 또 대학생이 지각한 진로장벽과 진로 적응성과의 관계를 성격강점과 진로결정자기효능감이 완전매개하는 것 을 확인하였고 성격강점과 진로결정자기효능감이 순차적으로 매개하는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 대학생이 지각한 진로장벽으로 인한 어려움을 대 처할 때 자신의 성격강점 인식을 통해 진로결정자기효능감이 향상될 때 진로적응성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 토대로 대학생 진 로교육과 상담에서 진로적응성 향상을 위한 방안에 대해 논의하였다.

우리나라 100대 명산에 포함되고 천혜 자연환경을 갖추고 있지만 충청남도 내 휴양림 중 이용률이 저 조한 칠갑산자연휴양림을 연구대상지로 하여 휴양림 활성화와 재방문 의사를 높여 건강한 여가 활동 을 선도하는 운영‧관리 방안을 제시하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 칠갑산 휴양림 방문객 250명에게 총 101개로 구성된 설문지를 자기기입방식으로 배포하여 200부를 회수하였고 인구통계학적 특성 및 이 용행태, 재방문의사 결정 중요요인 간 상관관계와 미치는 영향 등을 알아보기위해 빈도분석, Varimax- 직각회전, Bartlett의 구형성 검정, 크론바흐 알파, 독립표본 t-검정, 일원분산분석, Scheffe’s 사후검증, Pearson상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과 휴양림 방문객들의 이용만족도는 대체로 양 호하였지만 개선이 필요한 사항에 대한 질문에서 안전 및 환경에 대해 다소 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 제안 사항인 효율적인 운영·관리 방안으로 레크리에이션시설(등산학교·트레킹지원센터 등) 및 프로 그램(산림치유·숲해설 등)이 필요하다고 사료되며, 환경을 고려한 휴양림 내 추가 식재, 색다른 경관 환경(소규모정원 등)을 조성하여 특색 있는 휴양림으로 탈바꿈할 필요가 있다는 결론을 도출하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건강한 여가활동 촉진, 휴양림 활성화 및 재방문의도 증대에 기여하기 위해 칠갑 산 자연휴양림에 필요한 중요 요인을 찾아서 제안하고 있다.

본 연구는 진로결정자기효능감, 진로동기, 진로성숙도와 각 변인 간의 영향 관계를 알아보는 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 연구 대상자가 중국 동북지역의 랴오닝성 심양시에 소재한 대학생 239명을 연구대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 도구는 진 로결정자기효능감 척도, 진로동기 검사, 진로성숙도 척도를 사 용하였다. 분 연구에서 설정한 연구문제의 분석을 위해 수집된 자료는 데이터 코딩을 거쳐 통계프로그램인 SPSS 21.0을 사용 하여 통계분석을 실행하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 진로결정자기효능감이 진로성숙도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치 는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로결정자기효능감이 진로동기에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로동기가 진 로성숙도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같 은 연구결과는 직업교육 과정에서 진로에 대한 인식의 역할이 중요하며, 진로결정자기효능감 및 진로동기를 증진하는 것이 필요함을 느꼈다. 끝으로 본 연구의 후속 및 제한문제에 대하 여 논의하였다.

This paper analyzed the correlation between injection molding factors through correlation analysis. In addition, the decision-tree model, which is a white box model with excellent explanatory power, was used to obtain optimal molding conditions that satisfy multiple constraint conditions. First, 243 data to be used in the experiment were created through a full factorial design. Second, a correlation analysis was conducted to understand the correlation. Third, to verify the decision-tree model, the prediction performance was evaluated using RMSE. As a result, good prediction performance was confirmed. A decision-tree experiment analysis was conducted. As a result of the progress, the same results as the correlation analysis were derived. Based on the previous analysis results, optimal molding conditions were applied to CAE. As a result, the amount of deformation in the multi-cavity could be improved by about 1.1% and 2.72% while satisfying the constraint.

본 연구는 데이터 마이닝 기반 의사결정 나무 분석을 적용해 Z세대 스포츠 소비 스타일을 탐색 하여 Z세대가 주도할 스포츠 소비 시장을 예측하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 했다. 따라서 Z세대 중 만 19세 이상 남성 및 여성을 표본으로 선정해 본 조사를 실시했으며, 총 429명의 자료를 최종 분석에 사용했다. 자료처리는 SPSS statistics(ver. 21.0) 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 재검사 신 뢰도 및 신뢰도 분석, 의사결정 나무 분석을 실시했다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 합리 효율성 지수가 높고, 심미적 소비 지수가 낮을 경우 여성 집단으로 분류될 확률이 96.8%로 나타났다. 반면에 합리 효율성과 가격 지향 지수가 낮을 경우 남성 집단으로 분류될 확률이 100%로 나타났다. 둘째, 브랜드 지향, 가격 지향, 합리 효율성 지수가 높을 경우 수도권 집단으로 분류될 확률이 97.3%로 나타났다. 앞서 제시한 결과와는 상반적으로 브랜드 지향, 기념 의례, 지위 상징 지수가 낮을 경우 이외 지역 집단으로 분 류될 확률이 82.1%로 나타났다. 셋째, 지위 상징, 유행 지향 지수가 높으며, 기능성 지수가 낮을 경우 일상 생활 및 패션 집단으로 분류될 확률이 77.6%로 나타났다. 이와 반대로 지위 상징 지수가 낮고, 소속감 유지, 소비 향유 지수가 높을 경우 운동 및 경기 집단으로 분류될 확률이 81.0%로 나타났다.

This study evaluated methods of improving sustained learning participation by examining the structural relationship of school support consisting of professor support, friend-senior support and educational environment support, career decisionmaking self-efficacy, school satisfaction, and learning persistence depending on the characteristics of college students majoring in culinary art and food service. The study findings were as follows. First, the general characteristics of college students majoring in culinary art and food service were perceived significantly more by female students than by male students. Second, school support directly influenced the career decision-making self-efficacy and school satisfaction, but did not directly influence the learning persistence. Instead, school support influenced school satisfaction and learning persistence indirectly by the medium of career decision-making self-efficacy. Third, career decision-making self-efficacy directly influenced school satisfaction and learning persistence and indirectly influenced learning persistence by the medium of school satisfaction. Lastly, school satisfaction directly influenced the learning persistence, implying that school satisfaction is an important factor for the learning persistence of college students majoring in culinary art and food service. These results show that, because school members and environmental support cannot exclusively make learning persistence, diverse systems and programs must be developed and applied to improve the career decision-making self-efficacy and school satisfaction of college students majoring in culinary art and food service.

For game design planning education, we researched step by step learning method from storyline setting to game content evaluation. In this process, we developed 'Content Generated Tree' educational model applying the segmentation, classification, and prediction process of decision tree theory. This model is divided into the trunk stage as a story setting, the node generation stage as a content branch, and the conformity assessment. In the node generation stage, there are 'Game Theme' stage for determining the overall direction of the game, 'Interest Element' stage for finding the unique joy of the development game, and 'Game Format' stage for setting the visualization direction. The learner creates several game content combinations through content branching, and evaluates each content combination value. The education model was applied to 19 teams, and the efficiency of the step by step learning process was confirmed.

Moral licensing is a non-conscious effect that provides a moral boost in the self-concept, which increases the preference for a relative immoral action by dampening the negative self-attributions associated with such behavior. Applied to a marketing context, moral licensing explains why a purchase of a green product (a positive moral act) is likely to increase the likelihood of subsequently purchasing a luxury good (a negative moral act). This study addresses the question how big this effect typically is and which factors influence its size by conducting a Meta-Analysis and a Meta-Regression. Based on a random effects model, the point estimate for the generalized effect size Cohen’s d is 0.365 (SE=0.047; p=0.000). Results of a Meta-Regression indicate, for the first time, that the three moderators cultural background, type of decision and type of comparison explain a substantial amount of the total variation of moral licensing effect’s size.

Although the internationalization decision making process amongst managers from developed nations has been extensively studied, this phenomenon has been sporadically explored among managers from newly opened and transition economies. Given the risks and commitment inherent in international market entry, a thorough understanding of the decision making process of managers in such dynamic markets becomes crucial in charting the firms’ future direction. Hence, drawing on concepts from cognitive science, this study aims to explore cognitive biases and mental models for international market entry decision making among managers from a transition economy, namely Myanmar. Myanmar is recognized as Asia’s last large economy to become globally linked. Myanmar has long posted a negative trade balance, with the import value nearly double that of exports. The country’s population of 54 million, its abundance of natural resources, and its economic integration in the fastest growing region of the world have attracted firms of global brands such as KFC and VISA, who strive to gain market access. After decades of military rule, Myanmar’s ‘open’ economy is dominated by state-run enterprises in heavy industries, with growing opportunities for the private sector to aid in the growth of the domestic market as well as to exploit foreign market opportunities. Scholars from a diverse range of disciplines have argued that elements of an organization’s international strategic abilities stem from managers’ cognitive processes that balance national, industry, organizational and functional issues (Prahalad & Doz, 1987). This study explores Myanmar decision-makers’ strategic cognition, which describes the information-filtering or sense-making process by which strategic issues are interpreted (Finkelstein, Hambrick & Cannella, 2009). The fact that management and marketing research in Myanmar contexts is virtually nonexistent, understanding the strategic decision making processes of managers in Myanmar is warranted, given the significant business opportunities for and within this country in transition. Strategic cognition describes the how cognitive structures relate to the decision process in terms of strategy formulation and implementation (Narayanan & Zane, 2011). Cognitive structures refer to the manager’s beliefs about the environment, the state of the organization, and the business portfolio. The strategic cognition perspective presumes that managers rely on their belief structures when undertaking a strategic decision task (Hambrick & Mason, 1984). According to Finkelstein et al. (2009), managers’ ability to deal with complex decisions is inhibited by cognitive biases as well as interpretive frames. Such biases, in part, influence which information is attended to and how it is interpreted. ‘Biases’ and ‘frames’ in decision making receive considerable attention in the strategic decision making literature because they often lead to committing decision errors. While there are a number of cognitive biases, our interest lies in framing bias (Kahneman & Tversky, 1984) because the interpretation of economic gains and losses are highly relevant for strategic decision making. Framing bias occurs when modifications in the way a decision problem is presented, focusing either on the potential gains or on the potential losses of alternatives, result in a change in the decision-makers’ initial preference, such as when a decision maker becomes risk-averse when gains are highlighted while becoming more risk-taking when losses are. Two propositions are tested in this study. First, if we assume that framing bias influences strategic decision making under complex and uncertain contexts, we should discover substantive differences in managers’ risk preferences. More specifically, differences should be found when managers are presented with alternative versions of elaborated problem scenarios that are the same in all aspects except for the fact that the alternatives have been systematically manipulated in terms of (1) the potential gains (positive presented version) or (2) the potential losses (negative presented version). Second, prior research reports that strategic cognition is influenced by personal characteristics (e.g. educational background) and values as well as organizational characteristics (e.g. firm size, firm age) (Finkelstein et al., 2009; Hambrick & Mason, 1984). With this in mind, we should observe significant differences in risk preferences between participants of different demographic and trait groups. This study implemented an experimental investigation into the potential framing and priming effects arising from a strategic marketing decision problem of whether to develop a new marketing plan to serve the home market or to commit marketing resources to the export market. The stimuli were adapted from those developed by Hodgkinson et al. (1999), which were crafted to solicit responses to a case scenario that described a convincing strategic investment decision encountered by a firm that provides innovative automotive vehicle fast paint-drying systems. This scenario was deemed appropriate for the Myanmar context given that the participants were familiar with automobiles and auto painting services. The scenario was moderately adapted to suit the Myanmar context, with a fictitious local firm, Yannawa Co., which was faced with domestic intensified competition and up-and-coming advanced technology product substitution. The case scenario was explained with about 260 words that describe Yannawa’s 10-year history, the domestic industry environment and Yannawa’s objective to achieve a profit of $3 million. A photo of a modern fast-drying automotive painting system was included in the stimuli. Participants were instructed to assume the role as one of Yannawa’s board of directors and were asked to choose one option between a ‘less-risky’ alternative (focus on the domestic market) with a higher likelihood of occurrence and a ‘riskier’ alternative (invest in overseas markets) that had two possible outcomes that had different likelihoods of occurrence. Framing effects were manipulated as positively and negatively worded versions. In the negatively framed version, participants had to choose between (A) developing a new marketing plan to serve its home market with a 100% chance this option will lead to profits of US$1 million below management’s targeted level or (B) committing its marketing to the export market overseas, with a 33% chance to reach the targeted level and a 66% chance to earn profits of US$3 million below management’s targeted level. In contrast, in the positively stated version, participants were asked to choose between (A) developing a new marketing plan to serve its home market with a 100% chance to earn profits of US$1 million or (B) committing to the export market with a 33% chance for profits of US$3 million and a 66% chance to make no profits at all. To control for potential priming effects, the presentation order of the alternatives varied, with the ‘less-risky’ higher likelihood of occurrence alternative presented first in the stimuli followed by the ‘riskier’ alternative, and vice versa in the other versions. Altogether, we developed four experimental conditions: positively versus negatively framed decision scenarios, with lower risk versus higher risk in alternate sequence. The research instrument also included items asking participant demographic characteristics. The decision task was also accompanied by a free-elicitation method to capture a mental model of the variables that the participant considered while making the decision. In other words, participants were asked in an open-ended question, “Please write in sequence the variables that you thought about while making your decision.” Unlike the stimuli of Hodgkinson et al. (1999), which provided a list of 18 variables, which participants could rely on to complete the cognitive mapping task, our free-elicitation method was deemed necessary in order to gain better insights to Myanmar managers’ thought processes. Both studies involved Myanmar professionals who were enrolled in a global MBA program being offered at campuses in Yangon and Mandalay where English is used as the medium of instruction. Study 1 comprised a sample of 118 students enrolled in the Marketing Management course, which is the first course taken in the program. The sample comprises 35 (29.7%) males and 83 (70.3%) females, with a majority (72%) within the age range of 22 to 31 years, and 62 (52.5%) with a Science education, 26 (22%) in Economics/Business and 21 (17.8%) in Arts/Language. A count of 46 (39.0%) occupy top/senior management positions, 36 (30.5%) are business owners, and the remaining 36 (30.5%) hold entry-level organization positions. Each participant was assigned randomly one of the four stimuli versions. The task was administered in class and participants were given 30 minutes to provide their responses. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings on a sample of 81 final semester MBA students in the same program. The sample composition of Study 2 is similar to that of Study 1. Data were analyzed using nonparametric approaches to test the significance of joint frequency distribution of cases. The statistical analyses indicate that the distribution of risk preferences are consistent in both Study 1 (i.e. participants new to the MBA program) and Study 2 (i.e. more experienced MBA students) (χ2 = 0.64, p = 0.27), which is similar to the findings of Bateman and Zeithaml (1989). Also, the risk preferences are consistent in both Yangon and Mandalay subgroups (χ2 = 0.00, p = 0.57). Thus, the data collected from both studies were pooled for further analyses. As for the control of priming effects, we find a significant difference in risk preferences (χ2 = 5.32, p = 0.04, 113 vs. 86), with a larger proportion of the second listed marketing alternative (i.e. more recent) being selected, irrespective of whether that alternative is higher-risk or lower-risk. With respect to a test of our first proposition of a framing effect, we found no support (χ2 = 0.32, p = 0.35) of a systematic association between framing and decision choice. The distribution of decisions shows that irrespective of whether the alternative was positively framed or negatively framed, a larger proportion of the participants chose to higher-risk alternative to focus on exporting. As for testing our second broad proposition that there would be significant risk preference differences between demographic groups in the sample, we found no support for sex (χ2 = 0.58, p = 0.27), age (χ2 = 0.29, p = 0.96), education background (χ2 = 2.40, p = 0.30), and no support for occupation (χ2 = 7.33, p = 0.11). The qualitative responses obtained from the free-elicitation section of the instrument, were analyzed by categorizing responses as either concrete, i.e. a greater focus on specific details (e.g. mention of numbers, such as ‘a 100% chance’, ‘a 33% chance’ and ‘$1 million below’, ‘profits of US$3 million’) or abstract, i.e. focus on the bigger picture (e.g. such as ‘more competition’, ‘threat of new products’). Based on this approach, we find that 138 (69.3%) of the participants began their mental model with an abstraction and 105 (52.8%) of those participants relied on a mental model that was entirely abstract, absent of specific details. In contrast, 33 (16.6) of the participants constructed mental models that were completely concrete, while the remaining 61 (30.7%) of the participants developed mental models comprising both abstract and concrete information inputs. Interestingly, a statistical test of an association between these three different mental models and risk preference show no significant association (χ2 = 2.80, p = 0.25). This exploratory study contributes to the management and international marketing literature by providing initial evidence and insights of the strategic cognition of Myanmar managers. The fact that there were no framing effects nor any differences in the risk preferences between different demographic groups suggest that participants in our study may be relying on a common heuristic (i.e. rule of thumb) that guides them towards the option to seek foreign market opportunities. The marketing doctrine concept introduced by Challagalla, Murtha and Jaworski (2014), is indicative of the influence of institution-wide principles that guide all decision-makers throughout the institution. In the case of Myanmar, national trade policies emphasizing export initiatives and increased export promotion activities may be regarded as fundamental drives for economic growth. As such, managers may be adopting this national principle to simplify their decision task and therefore prefer to pursue foreign market opportunities. Relatedly, it is worth noting that among the participants that opted to focus on the home market, nearly half were employed by a non-government organization (NGO) operating in Myanmar. This reiterates earlier findings of the influence of organizational characteristics on the strategic cognition of managers (Finkelstein et al., 2009; Hambrick & Mason, 1984). From our sample, we found that managers working for a NGO may be accustomed to adhering to their own organizational principles, which emphasize the needs of the domestic market. From a practical perspective, caution should be taken when decision managers rely largely on a heuristic approach to decision making. Although recent studies report that heuristics can be a valuable approach in the wake of overwhelming data and information (e.g. Patterson et al., 2012 ), others show that accurate mental models bring about better decision rules (e.g. Gary & Wood, 2011). To ensure that the decisions made by managers align both their personal preferences and the logic of rational choice, a deliberate model designed to compare the underlying costs and benefits of the decisions must be carefully developed in such a way to prevent decision makers from minor distractions. To date, our study is the first to gain insights on the ‘black box’ of decision making among a sample of managers from Myanmar. Despite the valuable insights provided from our exploratory study, it is not without limitations. Although our sample comprises businesspeople from two major cities in Myanmar and represents businesspeople from a diverse range of industries and demographic characteristics, the generalizability of our findings is still limited. In addition, we only designed and implemented one hypothetical business scenario in our study due to the complex nature of the decision task. Using one hypothetical case may further limit the generalizability. Moreover, our results revealing the absence of framing effects but the presence of priming effects seem inconsistent with prior studies that have reported that such effects alter individual perceptions. Based on our preliminary findings, future studies are called upon to verify, confirm, and extend this current study to other contexts in Myanmar and other emerging and transition economies.

South Korea has led the global online game markets successfully in the mobile game platform based social network service with commercialization and showed the potential of the mobile game market. Currently, Korea's game industry is accelerating the global expansion for the mobile game market based on online game technology and mobile infrastructure. However, recently as mobile games attract attention in the mobile business and digital entertainment markets, the competition grows so fast. Cooperation between game developers and publishers have important implications in mobile games as well as online games for competitiveness through selection and concentration. This study was designed to support decision making at the outsourcing for publisher and the development of mobile games with key success factor analysis. The key evaluation factors of the mobile game were extracted through the literature review and expert groups, and then the relative importance between each factor was derived to take advantage of the AHP, Multi-criteria decision method. Differences between the online game and mobile game were analysed in this evaluation process. Also we were able to verify this evaluation model by applying the released mobile game. As a result, accomplishment and gambling in the mobile game was found to be a key factor. Also differentiation factors from online game were social factor, scalability, reliability. Unlike the previous studies which have been focused on online games, this study offers the guideline of the decision making for the business success in the mobile game development and the sourcing, the most important steps in publishing business.

This paper empirically studies foreign investor investment decision-making factors of game industry. First of all, I couldn´t find many significant results relation to business performance. In terms of safety, The negative(-) relationship could be found between current ration, debt ration and foreign ownership. The growth(growth rate of sales, net profit growth rate) showed positive(+) relationship with foreign ownership. In terms of profitability, Between ROE, ROA and foreign ownership also showed positive(+) relationship . Finally, the R&D investments and weight of export are positive(+) related to foreign ownership. In this results, I can conjecture about foreign investor focus on Safety , Growth , Profitability. especially, can be inferred that R&D and weight of export factors attract foreign investors.

한우 사육두수는 한우 암소의 번식 정도가 어느 정도인지에 따라서 결정된다. 한우 암소의 번식 여부 는 산지가격에 대한 기대가격에 따라 결정된다. 이 논문은 한우 암소 번식농가의 의사결정 행위를 분석 한 것이다. 이를 위해 네 가지 기대모형이론을 적용하여 어느 모형이 보다 적합한 모형인지를 비교하였 다. 산지가격에 대한 기대가격을 형성함에 있어서 순수기대모형, 적응적기대모형, 부분조정모형, 합리적 기대모형 등 네 가지 모형을 적용하였다. 그리고 이들 네 가지 기대모형을 근거로 실제 암소도축과 송 아지공급함수를 추정하였다. 그 결과 한우 암소 번식농가의 의사결정은 상대적으로 복잡한 적응적기대 모형이나 부분조정모형보다는 순수기대모형이나 합리적기대모형으로 잘 설명되는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 모형 전체의 적합도에서는 합리적기대모형이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

2015년 5월 18일, 중재재판소는 차고스 제도 인근 해양보호구역 설정에 관한 모리셔스-영국 간 해양 분쟁에 대한 판결을 내렸다. 이 중재재판에서는 해양보 호구역 설정이 유엔해양법협약의 위반이라는 모리셔스의 주장이 인정되었으며, 영유권과 관련된 분쟁에 대해서는 재판소가 관할권을 가질 수 없다는 영국의 주장도 인정되었다. 영유권 문제가 포함된 혼합분쟁에 관한 분쟁에서 중재재판소는 한 국가의 일방적인 승리를 인정하지 않았다. 독도와 관련하여 예상할 수 있는 문제로 독도의 영유권과 관련한 일본의 일 방적인 국제해양법재판소 제소가 있으나, 본안소송의 핵심이 영유권 문제이므 로 본안사건은 관할권 없음으로 결정될 가능성이 높다. 결론적으로, 독도문제와 관련한 우리나라의 해양영토정책 방향 설정을 위한 참고자료로 이 판결의 분석이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 모리셔스-영국 중재재 판을 분석하고, 향후 우리나라 해양영토정책에 대한 시사점을 도출할 것이다.

This paper deals with the economic value analysis of meteorological forecasts for a hypothetical inventory decision-making situation in the pharmaceutical industry. The value of Asian dust (AD) forecasts is assessed in terms of the expected value of profits by using a decision tree, which is transformed from the specific payoff structure. The forecast user is assumed to determine the inventory level by considering base profit, inventory cost, and lost sales cost. We estimate the information value of AD forecasts by comparing the two cases of decision-making with or without the AD forecast. The proposed method is verified for the real data of AD forecasts and events in Seoul during the period 2004~2008. The results indicate that AD forecasts can provide the forecast users with benefits, which have various ranges of values according to the relative rate of inventory and lost sales cost.

This study suggests new approach to identify core technologies through patent analysis. Specially, the approach applied data mining technique and multi-criteria decision making method to the co-classification information of registered patents. First, technological interrelationship matrices of intensity, relatedness, and cross-impact perspectives are constructed with support, lift and confidence values calculated by conducting an association rule mining on the co-classification information of patent data. Second, the analytic network process is applied to the constructed technological interrelationship matrices in order to produce the importance values of technologies from each perspective. Finally, data envelopment analysis is employed to the derived importance values in order to identify priorities of technologies, putting three perspectives together. It is expected that suggested approach could help technology planners to formulate strategy and policy for technological innovation.

The number of domestic smartphone users exceeded 30 million people, and the time in the future everyone will use a smartphone that will come with ago. Past purchase decisions, related research and product from the competition between the past case and the relevant literature for the smartphone market smartphone type to derive a purchase decision factors in the decision to purchase any difference between the factors. Literature and practices through performance, switching costs, product loyalty, design, brand, after-sales service, the price more than 7 variables were analyzed. One hundred people surveyed, respectively, did not obtain the response of a variety of ages and occupations , age of the sample used in the analysis of this study, and is concentrated as a student at the university of smartphones used to facilitate users analysis was done. We expect smartphone companies and related companies to be able to give guidelines for effective technology management.

2012년 11월 19일, ICJ는 니카라과와 콜롬비아 간 도서영유권 및 해양경계획정 분쟁에 대한 판결을 내렸다. 판결에서 콜롬비아는 문제의 섬들에 대한 영유권을 인정받았고, 니카라과는 기대보다 많은 해역을 확보하게 되었다. 실질적으로 넓은 해역에서 배타적 어업권과 해양자원 채굴권을 확보한 니카라과의 승리라고 볼 수 있다. 이 판결에서 ICJ는 1928년 양국이 체결한 조약을 섬의 영유권에 대한 권원으로 볼 수 있는지 대해 검토하였고, ‘실효적 지배’에 의해 섬의 영유권을 판단하였다. 해양경계획정의 방법은 ‘3단계 방법’을 통하였는데, ICJ는 2단계에서 관련해안의 현격한 차이 등을 고려하여 잠정적 중간선을 이동하였으며, ‘차단효과’ 등을 고려하여 경계선을 최종확정하였다. 이 판결이 우리에게 주는 시사점으로 독도 영유권의 권원으로서 SCAPIN 677과 1033의 해석, 실효적 지배에 대한 증거 확보, 해양경계획정에서의 독도 활용 방법, 해안선의 길이 및 차단효과에 대한 연구 등이 있다. 우리나라는 먼저 독도의 영유권을 공고히 한 후, 향후 주변국과의 경계획정에서 독도를 전략적으로 이용하고, 중국과 일본에 의한 차단효과 등 관련 상황을 연구하여 철저히 대비해야 할 것이다.