In modern society, buildings are becoming more complex, and the population is becoming more densely populated. Such large buildings require a variety of evacuation measures, as there is a high possibility of large-scale human casualties due to increased evacuation distance and evacuation time in the event of a fire. Strobe light and exit sign light are used as important evacuation equipment to provide early warning and evacuation directions. In this thesis, we conducted a fire simulation assuming that a fire occurrence point notification function and a strobe light function were added to equipment such as visual alarms and evacuation guidance, and compared and analyzed the difference in evacuation completion time with existing equipment. The scenarios for the simulation were divided into “general fire situations” and “fire location and evacuation exit guidance situation” and the differences in evacuation completion time in the event of a fire were compared and analyzed for each floor from the 1st floor to the 3rd floor. The maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a fire on the first floor decreased by 80.6 m and the evacuation completion time decreased by 329.4 seconds, and the maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a second-floor fire decreased by 28.5 m and the evacuation completion time by 438.8 seconds. During the fire on the third floor, the maximum distance decreased until evacuation was completed to 3.4 m, and the evacuation completion time was reduced by 355.6 seconds. It is expected that if the congestion level of evacuation routes is reduced by utilizing the congestion level of evacuation exits when fire alarm systems and evacuation equipment are activated, the evacuation completion time will be further shortened and evacuations will be carried out quickly and safely.

By adopting conversation analysis, this study examines how action formation and understanding displays construct a socially inept and humorous character in the TV sitcom, The Office. The analysis revealed two recurrent patterns in the main character’s interactions—improper action formation and insufficient understanding displays. Specifically, the findings showed that the main character, Michael, was construed as one that is unaware of his uncanny actions and unable to understand the interlocuter’s inferential and sarcastic remarks. The inserted interview scenes also highlighted that a conversational norm has been violated and contribute to the characterization of Michael as a quirky, socially incompetent worker. As a result, the collective sender is not only able to establish common ground with the audience but also dramatize the humorous potential of the episode. These analytic findings demonstrate that CA can be a rigorous tool for revealing the specific interactional devices that are exploited by scriptwriters to configure characters and infuse comical elements into TV sitcoms.

This study aims to propose a conceptual design of information displays for supporting responsive actions under severe accidents in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Severe accidents in NPPs can be defined as accident conditions that are more severe than a design basis accident and involving significant core degradation. Since the Fukushima accident in 2011, the management of severe accidents is increasing important in nuclear industry. Dealing with severe accidents involves several cognitively complex activities, such as situation assessment; accordingly, it is significant to provide human operators with appropriate knowledge support in their cognitive activities. Currently, severe accident management guidelines (SAMG) have been developed for this purpose. However, it is also inevitable to develop information displays for supporting the management of severe accidents, with which human operators can monitor, control, and diagnose the states of NPPs under severe accident situations. It has been reported that Ecological Interface Design (EID) framework can be a viable approach for developing information displays used in complex socio-technical systems such as NPPs. Considering the design principles underlying the EID, we can say that EID-based information displays can be useful for dealing with severe accidents effectively. This study developed a conceptual design of information displays to be used in severe accidents, following the stipulated design process and principles of the EID framework. We particularly attempted to develop a conceptual design to make visible the principle knowledge to be used for coping with dynamically changing situations of NPPs under severe accidents.

Despite the importance of retail atmospherics documented in the literature, little empirical research has been done on the issue of what specific aspects of retail atmospherics can enhance experiential marketing. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to compare the effect of product display (lifestyle vs. product-centric) on consumer satisfaction and retail patronage intentions. In so doing, this study examines the mediating role of hedonic shopping experiences operationalized through 3 separate subdimensions (i.e., brand experience, shopping enjoyment, and cognitive pleasure) while controlling a brand effect (i.e., testing two types of product display in a single brand context). Demminga et al. (2012) state that lifestyle display is a cross-merchandised, integrated, aesthetically attractive theme or scene through which consumers could envisage themselves in the scene or nature. On the other hand, product-centric display does not necessarily present a coherent theme. Instead, this type of product display is frequently used in a traditional retail format focuses on merchandise presentation appealing to target customers (Foster and Mclelland, 2015). This study was conducted using two product display stimuli: lifestyle and product-centric displays in the context of a specialty apparel store, Anthropologie. One image of Anthropologie was selected as a lifestyle display because it contained a thematic prop, which illustrates a natural scenario in that store. The results showed that the lifestyle display creates higher brand experience, shopping enjoyment, cognitive pleasure, satisfaction, time spent, and patronage intentions compared to the product centric display. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the importance of experiential marketing. Theoretically, this study demonstrates that lifestyle display could be applied in an apparel store. Rather than focusing only on products retailers could easily develop thematic props in a store because they are easy to set up, cost-effective, and less time-consuming. By setting up a lifestyle display, retailers could easily differentiate their brands from other competing brands.

Prior research shows that in-store displays have a significant effect on product sales, but no study so far has measured this effect using a qualitative approach that considers the size of the in-store display or its general theme. In this study, a smartphone-based user generated contents (UGC) was used to encourage consumers to post about the in-store displays they liked. This study investigates the relationship between the qualitative content of in-store displays and the sales of the products featured in such displays, and the relationship between posts or likes and the sales of the products featured in the posted liked display. We examine the effects of the contents of in-store display on sales and the mediation effect of the POST or LIKE on these relationship. As the result, this study is the first to explicate the difference of the mediation effect of post on sales by the type of the content of the in-store display. Specifically, the following three aspects were elucidated: (1) “Seasonality” drives user posting on UGC and such posts contribute to increased sales, (2) “Mass” both directly contributes to increased sales and also promotes user postings on UGC, which contribute to increase sales, and (3) “Character” directly influences sales but does not contribute to sales through postings. This study also provides important managerial implications. The results highlight the role of the content of in-store displays in promoting sales. Specifically, if the goal is to simply increase sales, a character themed in-store display will suffice. If the goal is to induce postings to UGC, which will result in increased sales, then a seasonally themed in-store display will work. In this way, expanding consideration to the qualities of in-store displays makes it possible to develop a more strategic understanding of their effects rather than the simple on/off or numerical frequency approach of the past. It must be taken into account that the type of in-store display content that is called for will differ according to whether the objective is to simply increase sales or to also attempt to create WOM promotion.

This study aims to gather precise information on the real fabric color and texture, and purchasing intention of mobile shoppers buying clothes. Eighty volunteers participated in the sensory test on three smartphones with four colors and two fabricssmooth taffeta and hairy doeskin. This study carried out the posteriori test using the one-way ANOVA and Duncan test by SPSS21.0. In the analysis’ results of color preference, there were no differences among the four colors of taffeta between the smartphones, but different preferences between the red and yellow doeskin exist. In the case of the Samsung phone, which has an immense color distortion, the red fabric has a low color preference. In contrast, on the Apple phone yellow fabric had the highest preference because of its brightness. The Apple phone also has the highest purchasing intention of yellow colored taffeta, which is similar to the color preference results, although the real fabric has the opposite result. For doeskin, the real red and blue colored fabric has the highest purchasing intention. The Samsung phone has the biggest color mismatch with the real fabric. It also has the lowest purchasing intention of red taffeta fabric, while the LG phone has the lowest purchasing intention of blue fabric. Using the paired comparison method of the similarity between ‘real’ fabrics and the mobile version of fabric colors has a low similarity on all four colors of taffeta and doeskin fabrics. Therefore it can be concluded that phones do not represent the ‘real’ fabric color.

디스플레이 기술이 다양한 상품으로 점차 발전함에 따라 소비자가 선호하는 디스플레이 유형을 선택할 수 있는 효과적이고 객관적인 비교 평가 방법이 필요하다. 그러나 객관적이고 주관적인 디스플레이 품질 평가 방법은 디스플레이가 상이한 특성을 가지므로 다양한 디스플레이에서 일반적으로 유사하지 않다. 이에, 본 논문은 상대적으로 특성이 서로 다른 디스플레이의 인지 화질 평가를 위해 분석 네트워크 프로세스 (ANP)를 사용하여 이들 디스플레이의 상대적 화질 을 평가할 수 있는 체계적인 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 평가 방법의 검증은 4 개의 모바일 디스플레이를 사용하여 평가 되었고, 주관적 평가와 제안한 방법의 선호도가 일치함을 보였다.

The purpose of this study was to propose various directions for effectively proposing window displays that satisfy changing consumer needs by investigating and analyzing the characteristics of unexpected expressions used in recent Christmas windows. Research was conducted by investigating unexpectedness in window displays through literature reviews and previous studies. To observe unexpectedness in Christmas windows, website-based case images of window displays from the six years between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the department stores of Bergdorf Goodman, Printemps, Selfridges, and Isetan. Unexpected expressions in department-store Christmas window displays could be categorized into four expressive methods of hybrid expressions, figurative expressions, amusing expressions, and exaggerative expressions. The results were as follows: First, hybrid expressions are interpreted by consumers as having new or diverse meanings that change the original external forms of subjects or objects. Second, Christmas colors are used in the window backgrounds’ figurative expressions, but these windows do not use excessive expressions; furthermore, these windows personify people as animals and anthropomorphize animals as people, using subjects to depict other subjects to show unfamiliar images. Third, amusing expressions are used to decorate windows with unique and novel ideas that provide stimulation and amusement for customers and capture their attention through the composition of windows that entail childish props and elements that create funny. Fourth, exaggerative expressions deliberately stretch and expand subjects or objects in windows to elicit customers’ curiosity and interest through emphasis.

This study examines the role of visual merchandising (VMD) in creating effective interior displays for fashion “select shops”(shops that carry a wide selection of brands) amid the recent changes in consumption trends, with consumer needs becoming increasingly individualized and diversified. Fashion select shop interior displays can be categorized as self-service, showcase, counter, and environmental display spaces. Regarding the VMD elements that contribute to effective interior displays, we reached the following conclusions. First, in self-service displays, in order to heighten sales efficacy, display elements should be presented in such a way as to enable customers to select products with ease by themselves. Second, the mere presence of showcase displays was found to be insufficient; if, however, select shops use showcase displays to arrange products according to the flow of customer traffic, enabling the creation of a gentrified atmosphere for products, this may contribute to a differentiated image of brands, heightening perceived product value. Third, in counter displays, having a harmonious arrangement of display and presentation elements promotes sales by inspiring customer confidence. Fourth, regarding environmental displays, it is important for stores to have attractive interior designs and decorations in order to reproduce settings in which products are actually used, as this can inspire interest in products and promote customers’ purchasing intention.

디스플레이 주변의 조도 환경 변화에 따라 인지되는 영상의 시인성이 달라지게 된다. 특히, 높은 조도 환경 에서는 영상의 인지 contrast가 저하되고, 어두운 영역의 detail이 손실되는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 높은 조 도에서 인지되는 영상의 시인성을 향상시키기 위해 어두운 영역의 detail 보상을 고려한 contrast 개선 알고리즘을 제 안한다. 영상의 contrast 개선을 위해 TMF(Tone Mapping Function)를 사용하며, TMF는 영상 특성 및 주변 조도에 따라 적응적으로 도출된다. 제안하는 contrast 개선 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 원본, 제안하는 방법과 기존 방법의 결과들을 대상으로 성능 비교를 위한 시각 실험을 수행한다. 실험 결과 제안하는 방법을 적용한 영상의 시인성이 원 본 및 기존 방법에 비해 향상된 것을 확인하였다.

Flat panel display devices are mainly used as information display devices in the 21st century. The worldwide waste flat panel displays are expected at 2-3 million units but most of them are land-filled for want of a proper recycling technology More specifically, rare earth metals of La and Eu are used as fluorescent materials of Cold Cathode Flourscent Lamp(CCFL)s in the waste flat panel displays and they are critically vulnerable and irreplaceable strategic mineral resources. At present, most of the waste CCFLs are disposed of by land-filling and incineration and proper recovery of 80-plus tons per annum of the rare earth fluorescent materials will significantly contribute to steady supply of them. A dearth of Korean domestic research results on recovery and recycling of rare earth elements in the CCFLs prompts to initiate this status report on overseas research trends and noteworthy research results in related fields.

A scalable large high-resolution tiled display supports a number of users from any point and distance to view and use contents on the display. However, user interaction with the tiled display is not well supported by traditional mouse and keyboard due to the screen size and resolution. While many user interaction techniques for tiled displays have been investigated, no single user interface standard is existed yet. In this paper, we describe a design and implementation of the multiple input device user interaction system for a scalable distributed tiled display system. This interaction system presents the generalization and interaction mechanism of input information to handle various input devices to enable users to simultaneously interact with tiled display applications. This system aims at supporting more complex user interactions via several different types of input devices.

공정제어시스템과 같은 복잡한 시스템을 감시하고 제어하기 위한 정보 디스플레이를 설계하기 위해 두 가지의 세부적인 설계문제를 효과적으로 다루어야 한다. 정보디스플레이에서 표현할 정보의 내용을 파악하고 조직화하는 문제와 그 표현할 정보를 시각적으로 잘 표현하는 문제로 구분이 된다. Ecological Interface Design (EID)는 두 문제를 다루기 위한 이론적 배경지식과 방법을 제공하는 정보디스플레이 설계의 틀이다. EID는 1990년대 초반에

본 논문에서는 디스플레이의 화질에 영향을 끼치는 중요 요소 중 하나인 색 선명도에 대한 정량화 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 인지 요소인 lightness, chroma, hue가 각각 독립적으로 변환된 실험 영상들을 제작한다. 실험 영상들의 색 선명도 시각 실험 결과 와 인지 요소들의 통계적 변수인 평균, 표준편차, 변동계수 사이의 regression을 수행한다. Regression 결과에서 통계적으로 유의미한 요소들만을 선택하여 색선명도 평가 모델을 도출한다. 제안하는 정량화 모델의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 시각 실험 결과와 모델에 의해 계산된 수치 사이의 상관계수를 계산한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 모델의 성능이 비교 대상인 기존 모델의 성능보다 우월하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Naturalness assessment can be utilized as a criterion to evaluate performance of preferred color corrections and to compare naturalness of images reproduced by displays. This paper presents a new model to assess naturalness based on three dimensional color space. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms three previous models proposed for the naturalness assessment.

There are many display panels in the flight cockpit and pilots get various flight information from those displays. The ergonomic layout of the displays must be determined based upon frequency of use and sequence of use. This study investigated the visual search patterns of the six display groups(one head-up-display: HUD, two multi function displays: MFDs, one engine group: EG, one flight display group: FD and others) in a fighting aircraft. Four expert pilots conducted Imaginary flight in the physical mock-up and the eye movements were collected using eye tracking system. Data of dwell time, frequency of use, and eye movement path were collected. Pilots spent most of time on HUD(55.2%), and others (21.6%), FD(14.2%), right MFD(4.7%), EG(3.2%), and left MFD(1.1%) in descending order. Similarly HUD(42.8%) and others(30.0%) were the most frequently visited displays. These data can be used in the layout of cockpit displays and the determination of optimal visual search pattern.

Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been frequently lost by sudden death at 1 to 3 month following healthy birth. To address whether placental anomalies are responsible for the sudden death of cloned calves, we compared protein patterns of 2 placentae derived from SCNT of Korean Native calves died suddenly at two months after birth and those of 2 normal placentae obtained from AI fetuses. Placental proteins were separated using 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis. Approximately 800 spots were detected in placental 2-D gel stained with coomassie-blue. Then, image analysis of Malanie III (Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics) was performed to detect variations in protein spots between normal and SCNT placentae. In the comparison of normal and SCNT samples, 8 spots were identified to be up-regulated proteins and 24 spots to be down-regulated proteins in SCNT placentae, among which proteins were high mobility group protein HMG1, apolipoprotein A-1 precursor, bactenecin 1, tropomyosin beta chain, H+-transporting ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II, peroxiredoxin 2, tyrosine-rich acidic matrix protein, serum albumin precursor and cathepsin D. These results suggested that the sudden death of cloned calves might be related to abnormal protein expression in placenta.

An experiment was conducted to identify salient colours for information coding at electronic video displays. CRT and TFT-LCD were used to evaluate the effect of different types of electronic displays on the salience of colours. Total of 100 Subjects, 50 for each display were asked to select more salient 10 colours among 24 given colours. There was no statistically significant difference in the salience of colours between the two display types. The result showed that the tested colours could be clustered into 5 categories according to their brightness, saturation, and the number of R, G, B elements occupied to reproduce the colours. Three achromatic colours (black, white, grey) and eight chromatic colors (red, yellow, green, blue, cyan, orange, magenta, and indigo) were identified as the salient colours at the electronic video displays. The result also showed that the eight chromatic colours could be clustered into two distinct categories, landmark colours(red, yellow, green, and blue) and the other basic colours (cyan, magenta, orange, and indigo). It is noticeable that cyan, magenta, and indigo substituted for pink, purple, and brown that were recommended as the salient colours for the environment not using electronic video displays by the previous researches.