When the leakage of radioactive material or radiation to the environment or a concern, it is important to accurately understand the impact on the environment. Therefore, environmental effects evaluation using modeling based on meteorological data and source-term data is carried out, or environmental radiation monitoring which is an emergency response activity that directly measures dose is performed. As lessons learned from the Fukushima accident, environmental effects evaluation and modeling cannot utilize during the emergency and decision-making process for protective action for the public. Thus, rapid environmental radiation monitoring is required. In Korea, when an emergency is issued at a nuclear facility, urgent environmental radiation monitoring is conducted based on the national nuclear emergency preparedness and response plan, which can provide important information for decisionmaking on public protective actions. A review of strategies for urgent environmental radiation monitoring is important in performing efficient emergency responses. The main purpose of urgent environmental radiation monitoring is to gather data for decisionmaking on public protective actions to minimize the damage from the accident. For effective data collection and distribution, support from the national and local government and local public organizations and radiation expertise groups, and nuclear facility licensee are required. In addition, an emergency environmental radiation monitoring manual is required to immediately perform environmental monitoring in an emergency situation. The manual for emergency monitoring should include the activities to be conducted according to the phases of the emergency. The phases of the emergency are divided into pre-leakage, post-leakage, intermediate, and recovery. The reasons for establishing strategies are government and public information, the implementation of urgent population protection countermeasures, predicting and tracking plume trajectory, and detection of any release, the protection of emergency and recovery workers, the implementation of agricultural countermeasures and food restrictions, the implementation of intermediate- and recovery-phase countermeasures, contamination control. Besides meteorological data, ambient dose rate and dose, airborne radionuclide concentration, environmental deposition, food, water, and environmental contamination, individual dose, and object surface contamination data are also required for making information for the public.

This study is a plan on the way to strengthen the survival ability by increasing the use time of air respirator by applying emergency breathing method in the situation where firefighter has to wait for RIT (Rapid Intervention Teams) because it is impossible to escape by himself or emergency escape during isolation during field activities. The research procedure first drew problems by conducting a survey on fire fighters under the Seoul Fire and Disaster Headquarters, and conducted an experiment to compare normal breathing and emergency breathing with 20 members of the Seoul 119 Special Rescue Team, and suggested emergency breathing method and training process modeling that can be applied to each field situation based on the data obtained. The experiment was conducted over 9 weeks, and it was divided into three categories: field activity situation, movement (emergency escape assumption) situation, and place (assume waiting for RIT). In the field activity situation experiment, it was confirmed that the application of skip breathing method was appropriate and the use time of air respirator increased about 1.6 ~ 1.9 times. In the moving situation or the in-situ situation, wheel breathing method was appropriate and the use time of air respirator increased about 1.6 ~ 2.4 times. However, when conducting intense activities in the field activity situation, it is recommended to use it limitedly because it is difficult to apply the emergency breathing method. If emergency breathing is not clearly learned in the body, it is difficult to use in the field, so I think systematic and continuous training is necessary. This study suggests that the application of emergency breathing method is effective enough to strengthen the survival ability of firefighters in the field.

Once a radioactive material is released from the nuclear power plant (NPP) by accident, it is necessary to understand the behavior of radioactive plume to protect residents adequately. For this, it is essential to measure the radiation dose rate around NPPs at important locations. Our previous study developed a movable radiation detector that can be installed quickly in an accident to measure gamma dose rate in areas where environmental radiation monitoring system is not installed. The data measured by the detector are transmitted to the server in real-time through LoRA wireless communications. There are two methods to use LoRA communications; one is self-network, and the other is the network provided by the mobile carrier. A signal receiver, called a gateway, should be equipped near the installation location of radiation detectors to use a self-network without using the mobile carrier’s system. In other words, the movable radiation detectors we made can function if there should be any gateway near them. The distance capable of communication between gateway and detector is about 8 km in an open area without significant obstacles. Korea has many significant obstacles, such as mountains around most NPPs. Thus, the gateways could be installed in the proper position before the accident to operate the movable radiation detectors without problems. If the gateway is located at a high position like a mountain top, it could cover a wide area. In this study, the elevation database in the area around the NPPs was collected and analyzed to determine where gateways should be installed. The analysis range is limited in the urgent protective action planning zone. The optimization was also performed to minimize the number of gateways.

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth characteristics and forage yield potential for warm season grass as emergency forages. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Two barnyard millet (Echinochloa species cv. Shirohie and Jeju native), a pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum cv Feed milk 2) a proso millet (Panicum miliaceum cv Native), a teffgrass (Eragrostis tef cv. Tiffany) and a kleingrass (Panicum coloratum cv. Selection 75) were compared for forage production and quality at the Mid regions of Korea. Warm season forage crops were sown on May 21 and June 23 respectively, and in 2021, it was sown twice on May 21 and June 21 The number of days to seedling emergence for barnyard millet and teffgrass was observed approximately 10 and 3 days after seeding, respectively. The cultivation period from seeding to harvest was within 60 days for all entry spices except for the late-heading type barnyard millet (within 84 days). As for the dry matter yield by seeding date, the dry matter yield of the late-heading type barnyard millet in May seeding was the highest at 23,872 kg/ha, and the kleingrass was the lowest at 3,888 kg/ha. For the June seeding, the dry matter yield of the late-heading type barnyard millet was 17,032 kg/ha, the highest, and the proso millet, teffgrass and kleingrass showed the lowest at 5,468, 5,442, and 5,197 kg/ha, respectively. The crude protein (CP) content was varied by warm season grass species, but the early-heading type barnyard millet, teffgrass, and kleingrass showed the highest tendency, and the late-heading type barnyard millet showed the lowest at 5.7~5.9%. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content did not show a significant difference between the seeding in May, but kleingrass in June sowed lower than the others.

본 연구에는 가뭄의 유발 요인으로 강수량, 기온, 상대습도 등의 기상현상을 활용하고 가뭄 피해로 인한 대응 요소로서 대체수원, 제한급수, 운반급수 등의 비상급수를 적용하여 AI기반 가뭄 대응 정보 구축 방안을 구성하였다. AI 머신 러닝 기법 중 널리 사용되는 의사결정나무 모형을 통하여 예측 기법을 수립하였다. 연구 대상 지역은 비상급수 활용 빈도가 높고 종관기상관측소가 존재하는 충주시, 안동시, 의성군을 선정하였다. 자료 기간은 2014년부터 2019년까지의 자료를 이용하였으며, 가뭄 유발 기상요인으로 ASOS의 강수량 및 기온, 습도를 이용하고 가뭄 피해 요소로 국가 가뭄정보 포털의 비상급수 현황 자료를 활용하였다. 모형 학습 결과 정확도가 약 0.97, F1-Score가 약 0.5로 나왔으며, 이는 비상급수가 필요한 상황과 그렇지 않은 상황을 97%의 확률로 예측할 수 있음을 의미하며, 비상급수가 필요했던 표본만을 대상으로 했을 경우 약 50%의 확률로 예측이 가능한 것을 의미한다. 따라서 의사결정나무 모형을 적용하여 예측 정확도를 분석한 결과 가뭄 대응 비상급수 준비지역 예측을 위한 적용성이 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 기상 조건만을 가뭄 유발 요인으로 반영하였기 때문에, 공급수량 부족 등의 요인을 추가적으로 검토할 필요가 있으므로 가뭄과 연관된 요소인 저수지 용량 등을 추가하고 비상급수 이외의 피해 요소 역시 확장하여 연구를 개선하고자 한다.

본 연구는 DML(Debriefing for Meaning Learning[이하 DML])를 적용한 응급 시뮬레이션 실 습이 간호대학생의 비판적 사고능력, 문제해결 능력, 의사소통 능력에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 시도되었 다. 연구는 비동등성 대조군 전후 실험설계의 유사실험연구로, D 시에 소재한 간호대학생 중 중재군 38명, 대조군 35명, 총 73명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과, 비판적 사고능력(t=-3.144, p=.002), 문제해결 능력 (t=-3.248, p=.002), 의사소통 능력(t=-4.051, p<.001)은 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 DML은 간호대학생의 비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 의사소통능력을 향상시키는 방 법임을 확인하였다.

The emergency diesel generator of a nuclear power plant is a emergency AC power source that starts up within 10 seconds when a LOOP(Loss Of Off-site Power) occurs and supplies power to essential safety facilities. In this study, factors affecting start signal input time, engine rotation start time, 30% of engine rated speed, 80% of engine rated speed were studied to secure starting reliability. As a result, it was found that the section before the 30% of engine rated speed was affected by the mechanical management status from the start signal to the fuel oil linkage system. After the 30% of engine rated speed section, it was the maximum fuel supply section, and the time reduction effect through management improvement was insignificant.

A Emergency Diesel Generator(EDG) in Nuclear Power Plant supplies electrical power to reactor cooling system when on/off site power is lost. So that protect the reactor from melting down. A Emergency Diesel Generator is required to reach ±2% of rated frequency(rotational speed) within 10 sec. To achieve prompt start, it is needed to find out affective factors and effect of that during starting period. This paper describes case of fail to achieve starting requirement and improvement of starting performance.

This study examines the effects of the public’s perception of emergency medical service (EMS) on the public health system’s brand equity and the moderating effect of governance on this relationship using Keller’s customer-based brand equity model. It uses four EMS functions: rescue/first-aid and transfer activities; disaster prevention, preparation, and response activities; educational activities in urgent situations; and medical treatment in emergency rooms to examine the effects of them on brand meaning of the public health system. Our findings are important for understanding the public as customers of the public health system and devising and/ or adapting healthcare policies and marketing strategies to develop brand equity and increase customers’ loyalty to the public health system.

작년부터 전세계적인 코로나바이러스감염증-19의 확산에 따라 다양한 조치들이 취하여졌다. 구급서비스 측면에서도 최근 소방청 소속 119구급대 등에서 감염병 확진자의 이송, 검체의 수송 및 예방접종센터 및 생활 치료시설에서의 구급환자 발생에 대비하여 대기하는 등 다방면의 업무에 투입되고 있다. 이에서보듯 감염병 대유행 상황에서의 구급서비스의 중요성은 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 반면 우리 법제 및 현실에서는 구급서비스는 민간의 의료기관 및 응급환자이송업체 등에서도 같이 제공하도록 되어 있으나, 해당 부분에 대해서 업무가 분산되지는 못하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 이는 그 동안 일부 민간의 구급서비스가 공적인 임무를 위하여 운영되지 아니하고, 사익추구를 위하여 불법적으로 이용되는 등 파행적으로 운용된 것과 무관하지 않다고 보인다. 이에 따라 해당 서비스가 제대로 제공될 수 있도록 관리감독 제도를 정비하는 등의 법제 개선의 필요성이 있다. 또한 공적 그리고 사적인 구급서비스가 감염병 대유행 상황 등의 재난시에는 협력할 수 있는 체계를 구축할 필요성도 있다. 나아가 구급대에서의 확진자 이송, 검체 수송 등 그동안 법령상의 근거가 명확하지 아니하였던 부분들 역시도 관련 제도 정비를 통하여 그 근거를 명확히 함으로써 향후 유사한 상황이 발생하였을 때 법적인 논란이 없도록 할 필요성이 크다 하겠다.

This study utilized a longitudinal data collection to examine online factors of digital multimodal composing (DMC) preference and measure learner course satisfaction with digital composing modes in an online EFL communication course. The purpose of this research was to involve learners in a process of online, interactive, and multimodal curricular design during emergency remote learning due to the coronavirus pandemic. Innovative online technologies such as a new learning management system and digital educational components were implemented and used to quantitatively examine learners’ acceptance of technology. Korean learner preferences for textual and audio modes of DMC were indicated by Relative Advantage, Perceived Usefulness, and User Satisfaction factors. These factors also indicated an aversion to video-based DMC including video recordings and video responses as well as moderate concern for video conferencing. Qualitative findings revealed student concern for the constructs of Ease of Use and Using Video Modalities when transitioning to new online learning technologies.