This work involves the development of a novel waste-derived carbon dots (CDs) conjugated with silver (Ag) nanohybrid system-based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) sensor for the detection of melamine. CDs and Ag nanoparticles served as energy donors and energy acceptors, respectively. CDs were synthesized from orange peel waste through a combined hydrothermal and ultra-sonication route. The synthesized CDs had hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups on their surface, explaining that waste-derived CDs can act as reducing and stabilizing agents and showed strong absorption and fluorescence emission at 305 and 460 nm, respectively. The bandgap, linear refractive index, conduction band, and valance band potential of CDs were observed to be 2.86, 1.849, 1.14, and 4.002 eV, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the fluorescence properties at different pH (acid and alkaline) and ionic concentrations. Given their fluorescent nature, the synthesized CDs were used for the detection of melamine. The fluorescence of CDs was found to be quenched by Ag+ due to the FRET energy transfer between CDs to Ag. Notably, the zeta potential of Ag@CDs was changed from − 28.7 mV to − 30.6 mV after the incorporation of Ag+. Ag@CDs showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward the sensing of melamine in the aqueous solutions with the limit of detection ~ 0.85 μM. Increasing the melamine level also raises the FL intensity of Ag@CDs. The substrate was effectively used in the detection of melamine in milk as a real application and the recovery percentage was found to be 98.03%. Moreover, other adulterants such as urea and formaldehyde can be detected selectively by Ag@CDs. Overall, the synthesized Ag@CDs can be used as an efficient material for sensing applications involving such food adulterants.

We successfully synthesize water-dispersible CTAB-capped CdSe@ZnS quantum dots with the crystal size of the CdSe quantum dots controlled from green to orange colors. The quenching effect of Fe(DTC)3 is very efficient to turn off the emission light of quantum dots at four molar ratios of the CdSe quantum dots, that is, the effective covering the surface of quantum dots with Fe(DTC)3. However, the reaction with Fe(DTC)3 for more than 24 h is required to completely realize the quenching effect. The highly quenched quantum dots efficiently detect nitric oxide at nano-molar concentration of 110nM of NO with 34% of recovery of emission light intensity. We suggest that Fe(DTC)3-hybridized CdSe@ZnS quantum dots are an excellent fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe for the detection of nitric oxide in biological systems.

This study analyzes the effects of the number of angles and bends on resistance in a conductor-embroidered stitch circuit for efficient power transfer through a conductor of wearable energy harvesting to study changes in power lost through connection with actual solar panels. In this study, the angle of the conductive stitch circuit was designed in units of 30°, from 30° to 180°, and the resistance was measured using an analog Discovery 2 device. The measured resistance value was analyzed, and in the section of the angle where the resistance value rapidly changes, it was measured again and analyzed in units of 5°. Following this, from the results of the analysis, the angle at which the tension was applied to the stitch converges was analyzed, and the resistance was measured again by varying the number of bends of the stitch at the given angle. The resistance decreases as the angle of the stitch decreases and the number of bends increases, and the conductor embroidery stitch can reduce the loss of power by 1.61 times relative to general embroidery. These results suggest that the stitching of embroidery has a significant effect on the power transfer in the transmission through the conductors of wearable energy harvesting. These results indicate the need for a follow-up study to develop a conductor circuit design technology that compares and analyzes various types of stitches, such as curved stitches, and the number of conductors, so that wearable energy harvesting can be more efficiently produced and stored.

Solar energy is being constantly studied since it can reduce green house gas by adapting cooling and heating system of domestic architecture as a clean energy source. This study confirmed the reliability of experimental apparatus with temperature measurement of each components by developing cooling and heating system which is combined with artificial solar thermal energy using halogen lamp and refrigerator, examined the heat transfer characteristics according to room internal temperature and lamp distance with the materials of emissive plate (acrylic, copper and stainless). As a result of it, We found that the room internal temperature 18℃ was finer than 21℃ and 24℃ in case of heat transfer rate according to each components. Also, copper in the material change of emissive plate was showed finer heat transfer effects than stainless because of high thermal absorptivity when lamp distance was short.

The charge transfer (CT) excitation energy calculations of H2N-(CH=CH)3-X and the H2N-H.....H-X structures with the various electron acceptors (-X) were performed with comparing the accuracy of various calculation methods, such as B3LYP, long-range corrected (LC)-BLYP, and EOM-CCSD. Both intra-molecular and inter-molecular systems showed a tendency for CT excitation energy to decrease as the electronic accepting property increases, and LC-BLYP showed the best accuracy in both inter- and intra-molecular CT excitation energy. In this study, it was confirmed that unexpectedly larger range separation parameter(μ) values of LC-BLYP showed better results of CT excitation energy.

겨울철에 열손실을 줄이기 위해 많은 온실에서 보온커튼을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 적절한 보온커튼을 선택할 때 판단 자료로 활용할 수 있는 명확한 기준이 없는 실정이며 이를 위해서는 보온재의 보온 특성에 대한 정량적인 값이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 BES를 사용하여 보온커튼의 관류열전달계수를 산정하는 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하였다. 일중 및 이중 PE필름 피복에 대한 관류열전달계수의 실험값을 사용하여 시뮬레이션 결과를 검증하였다. 검증된 모델을 사용하여 문헌에서 제시된 각종 열적 특성을 가진 보온커튼에 대한 관류열전달계수를 산정하고 비교분석하였다. 개발된 시뮬레이션 모델은 다양한 보온커튼의 관류열전달계수를 산정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 제시된 관류열전달계수는 보온커튼의 성능을 정량적으로 비교하는데 유용하게 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Ohmic heating is one of advanced thermal processing techniques which utilize conversion of electrical energy into heat. In our study, a feasibility of ohmic heating was tested to cook instant rice cake to improve energy efficacy as an alternative heating methods of conventional electrical kettle. Ohmic heating was conducted using customized ohmic cell (7.5×4.5×9.5 cm) equipped with titanium electrodes. Instant rice cakes in soup were ohmically heated up to 100°C at different electric fields (9, 12, 15 & 18 V/cm) and temperature holding times (60, 80, 100 & 120 s). Thermocouple was placed into both soup and rice cake to evaluate the temperature profile and energy efficacy. Temperature, voltage and current across the sample were measured and recorded at every 3 s using data acquisition system (DAQ). Mathematical model was developed to calculate the internal energy generation rate (QR, W). Internal energy generation rate (QR, W) was integrated versus temperature come-up time (s) to compute the total internal energy dose (ET, J) using MATLBA software. For energy efficacy (Eff), it was calculated ratio of total internal energy dose (ET, J) to heat quantity (Qh, J). During ohmic heating, temperature come-up time was significantly reduced as a function of elevated electric field (P<0.05). For example, 9V/cm of electric field showed 6.2±0.4 min of temperature come-up time up to 100°C. Higher electric field at 18 V/cm reduced temperature come-up time to 1.9±0.1 min. The electric field of 15 V/cm showed the best energy efficacy as 0.78 which meant 78% of electrical energy was converted into thermal energy for heating. In the texture profile analysis, the most preferable harness was found as 6.191 N at 15 V/cm and 100 s holding time. Our study showed the potential of ohmic heating to cook instant rice cakes for home meal replacement (HMR) and outdoor foods.

PURPOSES: This research is a basic study for application method in korea of energy harvesting technology, and it is a research to find out the direction of architectural planning through analyzing cases of interseasonal heat transfer system applied buildings. METHODS : In this paper authors investigate application necessity of energy harvesting technology, we analyzed energy use status of building section through analyzing domestic energy consumption status and analyzed domestic renewable energy generation potential. Also we study the features of energy harvesting technology, interseasonal heat transfer system, and case study on interseasonal heat transfer system applied buildings. RESULTS : On the basis of case study on interseasonal heat transfer system applied buildings, we analyzed feasibility study and classified into four sections(economic, environment, design, applicability), and suggested directions of architectural planning. CONCLUSIONS: Economic renewable energy for public and commercial buildings(hospitals, offices, schools, factories) can be provided effectively using Interseasonal Heat Transfer.

Several cloned animals have been produced using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and have interested in producing the transgenic cloned animals to date. But still its efficiency was low due to a number of reasons, such as sub-optimal culture condition, aberrant gene expression and nuclear reprogramming. The purpose of this study was to analyze gene expression pattern in in vitro fertilized (IVF) or SCNT pre-implantation embryos. IVF- or SCNT-embryos were cultured in media supplemented with different proteins (FBS and BSA) or energy sources (glucose or fructose). Blastocysts from IVF or SCNT were analyzed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR in terms of developmentor metabolic-related genes. Culture medium supplemented different proteins or energy sources had affected on the expression of developmental or metabolic genes in the SCNT blastocysts.

YAlO3에 불순물로 Tb+3을 첨가한 산화물 형광체를 시간 분해 분광학적으로 연구하였다. 시간 분해 photoluminescence 측정을 통하여 YAlO3:Tbx 3+(x=0.001～0.05)의 발광 특성과 에너지 전달 현상을 규명하였다. Tb3+의 농도가 증가함에 따라 청색 발광에서 녹색 발광으로 변화 하였으며 이는 Tb 3+의 농도가 증가함에 따라 5D3→7Fj 전이에서 5D4→7Fj 전이로 cross-relaxation에 의한 에너지 전달이 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. Tb3+의 농도가 x=0.001일 때는 여기광원에 의해 5D3 에너지 준위로 여기된 Tb3+ 이온들이 초기에는 높은 밀도로 존재하여 5D4 에너지 준위로의 cross-relaxation에 의한 에너지 전달이 활발한 진행되고 그 후로는 5D4→7Fj 전이에 의한 발광이 지배적으로 나타났다. Tb 3+의 농 도가 x=0.05일 때는5D3→7Fj 전이에 해당하는 청색 발광은 100 μsec 미만의 짧은 시간 동안에만 존재 하다가 급격히 사라지며 5D4→7Fj 전이에 의한 녹색발광은 초기에 급격히 증가하였다가 전체 시간대에 걸쳐 강하게 나타났다.

Diffusions of energy conservation technology are very important class in our country that resources and energy are lacking, and development, transfer, diffusions etc. of energy conservation technology can speak as one method that can improve country compe

Diffusions of energy conservation technology are very important class in our country that resources and energy are lacking, and development, transfer, diffusions etc.. of energy conservation technology can speak as one method that can improve country competitive power along with company competitive power. But, in the case of our country, present condition grasping about energy conservation technology passing․induction did not consist. This research grasp present condition about energy conservation technology passing․induction of our country and present direction for energy conservation technology activation, for which connected company into question investigation enforce and behaved frequency analysis and crossing analysis etc.

Thermograms of methylene blue(MB) in L-α-lecithin vesicle and incorporated purple membrane vesicle(InPM) systems have been studied by photochemical reaction differential scanning calorimetry at 25~55℃. Phase transition temperatures of lecithin vesicle, purple membrane(PM), and InPM were found to be independent of illumination of light(436nm) at 39~40℃, but endothermic phase transition was found in InPM vesicle. In MB-InPM system, endothermic phase transition was found on unillumination of light at 40~42℃, but exothermic phase transition was found on steady illumination of light at 48~52℃. It was estimated that the light energy absorbed from MB on vesicular surface was transferred to PM, and the transferred energy was redistributed to hydrophobic site of membrane. Therefore, the exothermic phase transition was measured at high temperature because of the increased hydrophobicity of acyl chain.