본 연구는 2012년 1월부터 2019년 1월까지 과천경마공원에서 경주한 더러브렛, 6,762두의 주파기록, 총 82,796개를 이용하여 동기군의 구성을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 모든 경주거리에서 우승마의 주 파기록이 1초 감소하면 해당 경주의 평균 주파기록은 0.89초에서 0.99초 감소하였다. 주파기록에 대한 동기군의 효과는 총변이의 약 41%를 차지하였으며, 참가경주의 효과는 일괄적으로 모든 경주거리에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 동기군을 포함한 모형(Ⅰ)과 우승마 기록을 포함한 모형(Ⅱ)에서 추정된 주파기록에 대한 유전분산은 각각 0.4760과 0.4148, 유전력과 반복력은 각각 0.26, 0.47과 0.22, 0.40이었다. 모형 Ⅱ에서 추정된 유전분산과 유전력은 모형 1에 비하여 각각 13%와 15% 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 우승마의 주파기록을 환경효과로 모형에 포함하는 것보다는 동기군을 포함하는 것이 주파기록을 량하는데 있어서 더 유리할 것으로 판단되었다.

In this study, we conducted a shake table test to verify the seismic performance of the paneling system with steel truss composed of bolt connections. The control group was set to the traditional paneling system with steel truss connected by spot welding method. Test results showed that the bolted connection type paneling system has excellent deformation capacity without cracking or brittle fracture of the steel truss connection parts compared to the welding type paneling system. Furthermore, in the bolted connection type, slight damage occurred at the time of occurrence of the same story drift angle as compared with the existing method, it is considered that it has excellent seismic performance. In compliance with the performance-based design recommended for the current code (ASCE 41-13) on non-structural components, it is judged that in the case of the bolted connection type paneling system, it can be applied to all risk category structures without restriction. However, in the case of traditional paneling system with spot welding method, it is considered that it can be applied limitedly.

우리나라에서 건축물 내장재의 화재안전성능은 국토해양부 고시 제2011-39호에 의한 평가방법에 의해 불연성시험(KS F ISO 1182), 열방출률시험(KS F ISO 5660) 및 가스유해성시험(KSF 2271)을 실시하여 그 결과로서 분류하도록 되어 있다. 그 중 연기 및 연소독성가스에 대한 시험인 가스 유해성 시험은, 건축재료 및 내장재의 연소시 발생하는 가스의 유해성을 마우스의 평균 행동정지시간으로 측정하는 방법으로 사용하여 왔다. 이 중 연소 독성가스 4종(HCl, HF, HCN, SO2) 흡입독성시험방법의 확립을 위하여 ICR계 mouse와 전신흡입노출장치를 이용하여, 독성가스 노출 및 병리검사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 호흡기관지와 가까운 폐포에서 대식세포(Macrophage)의 침윤을 유발하는 것으로 나타났고, 4종의 물질에 대한 조직의 병리검사로 전체적으로 충혈과 울혈은 확인되었다. 조직 중 폐와 신장에서 조직손상이 심하였고, 물질로는 HCN이 가장 많은 병리소견을 보였다.

An emulsion of octadecamidoethylaminoethyl dodecate (which provides softness) and an emulsion silicone oil KF-96 (which provides lubricity) were separately synthesized. Then PP finishing softeners (SSA-7) was prepared by blending of the synthesized emulsions with beef tallow hardened oil (a softness improving agent). PP finishing treatment was carried out with the prepared SSA-7 and PP finishing resin by a one bath method, and several physical properties were tested. As a result, crease recovery, tear strength, softness, lubricity, and bending resistance were all good, indicating that the prepared SSA-7 is a good PP finishing softener.

A silicone softner (SS-5), a permanent press (PP) finish, was prepared by blending silicone oil KF-96 (as a lubricating component) and beef tallow hardened oil (as a softening component) which was synthesized from fatty polyamide salts. The prepared SS-5 and the PP finishing resin were applied to PP finishing cotton cloth and P/C gingham sample by one-bath method. The properties such as crease recovery, tear strength, and bending resistance were tested. The samples treated with SS-5 and PP finishing resin showed improved properties when comparing with the untreated ones, with the ones treated only with PP finishing resin, with ones treated with commercial PP finishing softners and PP finishing resin. The grades of fabric samples treated with 3% SS-5 were fifth grade in the bending resistance test.

Lubricating softner(SOS-2) for permanent press(PP) finish was prepared by blending water, beef tallow hardened oil for improving softness, and the emulsion which was synthesized from N-hexadecanoyl-N,N'-bis(2-hexadecamidoethyl)amine as a softening component and silicone oil KF-96 as a lubricating component. The prepared SOS-2 and the PP finishing resin were applied to PP finishing cotton broad cloth and P/C gingham samples using one bath method. The properties such as tear strength, crease recovery, bending resistance test were tested. The samples treated with SOS-2 and PP finishing resin have improved properties, compared with nontreated samples, those treated only with PP finishing resin, those treated with commercial PP finishing softners and PP finishing resin.

Spin finish(NSFs) for synthetic fiber were prepared. NSF-3 was proved to be the best spin finish by testing the properties and emulsion stability, etc. of NSFs. NSF-3 prepared by blending of spindle oil 70g, paraffin wax 10g, glyceryl mono-oleate 5g, POE(10) nonylphenyl ether 4g, POE(20) sorbitan tri-oleate 4g, Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate 4g, antistatic agent 2g and water 1g was excellent in its characteristics. Optimum physical conditions of nylon filament treated with NSF-3 according to the number of revolution of oil roller were obtained at conditions of 5.5rpm in the number of revolution of oil roller, 1.21% of oil pick up, and denier 69.2D.

Durable softening water repellents such as PODCW, PDDCW, and PEDCW were prepared by blending cationized polymers, fatty carbamide, waxes, and emulsifiers. The cationized polymers included poly (octadecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PODC], poly (n-dodecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PDDC]and poly (2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PEDC]. After the PET fabrics were treated with these water repellents, water repellency, softness, and durability of the PET fabrics were examined by various methods : water repellency by the hydrostatic pressure and the contact angle methods, softness by crease recovery and tearing strength, and durability by washability, respectively. Rating of water repellency of PET fabrics treated with PODCW was 80+, but those treated with PDDCW and PEDCW were not high enough to be used in industry.

The procedure to prepare an acrylic emulsion water repellents by blending of arcylic copolymer, activated polyethylene, wax, and emulsifiers was published in the previous paper. After the treatment of the prepared water repellents on a cotton fabrics with and without textile finishing resin, washability, contact angle, tearing strength, and crease recovery were tested. As the result, there were remarkable improvements in physical properties. Proper curing temperature of the synthesized water repellents impellents was 150℃ : proper using concentration was 5wt% : sodium acetate was the best catalyst for water repellents among the used, and proper concentration was 1.0wt%.

Durable softening water-repellenting agent such as PODCW, PDDCW and PEDCW were prepared by blending cationized compound such as poly(octadecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)[PODC], poly(2-dodecyl methacrylate-co-2-diethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate)[PDDC] and poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-2-diethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate)[PEDC], and cationized compound of fatty carbamide, of which synthetic methods were reported in the previous paper, waxes, and emulsifiers. The results of physical tests of the P/C blended fabrics treated with PODCW, PDDCW and PEDCW with and without textile finishing resin, showed a remarkable improvement of the physical properties. The prepared water-repellenting agents, PODCW-6 and PDDCW-1, were treated on P/C blended fabrics with and without resin. For any cases, there are a little changes between initial water repellency and repellency after 3 times washing of the fabrics. Therefore, the water-repellenting agents proved to be a durable agents, and initial water 100+ and 90+ point, respectively.

Spin finish(SF) for nylon filament was prepared. The influence on the properties of filament obtained by treating the prepared spin finish in this study(SF-2) and foreign-made spin finish(Spinnar N-100) was compared. SF-2 prepared by blending of spindle oil 70g, paraffin wax 10g, glyceryl mono-oleate 5g, POE(6) nonylphenyl ether 4g, POE(10) nonylphenyl ether 4g, POE(10) octylphenyl ether 2g, POE(14) mono-oleate 4g and water 1g was excellent in its characteristics. Some of the properties of Nylon filament treated with SF-2 were better than those treated with Spinnar N-100. Also, optimal physical conditions of nylon filament according to the number of revolution of oil roller were obtained at conditions of 5rpm of number of revolution oil roller, 1.25% of SF-2 oil pick up, and denier 69D.

Silicone softner(SSN-3) for permanent press(PP) finish was prepared by blending beef tallow hardened oil for Improving softness, water, the emulsion, which was synthesized from pentaerythritol monostearate as a softening component and silicone oil KF-96 as a lubricating component. The prepared SSN-3 and the PP finishing resin were applied to PP finishing cotton broad cloth and P/C gingham samples using one bath method. The properties such as crease recovery, tear strength, bending resistance test were tested. The samples treated with SSN-3 and PP finishing resin have improved properties, compared with nontreated samples, those treated only with PP finishing resin, those treated with commercial PP finishing softners and PP finishing resin. Also from the bending resistance test, the two kinds of fabric samples treated with SSN-3 of 3% showed grade 5 and these were good enough in feeling.

The ceiling finishes and concrete structure, rather than problems with the performance of the acrylic panel to crack and leak, and poor adhesion between the acrylic panels has occurred. This is a cause that is generated based on different designs and structures, such as construction and finishing materials mainframe sealing materials, construction, coordination of the three principles of design appeared to be urgently necessary.

최근 공동주택 구조형식이 벽식 구조에서 리모델링이 자유로운 기둥식 구조로 변화고 있으며, 이에 따라 경량벽체의 활용이 점차 늘어나고 있다. 공동주택에 사용이 증가하는 경량벽체는 소비자의 다양한 요구수준에 부합하여야 하나, 국내에서는 경량벽체에 대한 요구 성능별 성능기준이 미비한 실정이다. 국내 현실상 주거문화에서 공동주택이 차지하는 비율이 매우 높은 상황과 공동주택 건설 양식이 기둥식 구조로 전환되는 시점에서 사용이 점차 증가하고 있는 경량벽체의 성능등급 설정은, 향후 더욱 다양해지는 소비자 요구수준의 만족, 화재로부터 안전한 삶을 영위하기 위하여 세대내 벽체의 화재안전성능에 대한 기준을 제시하고 이를 평가하여 소비자가 선택할 수 있게 한다면, 국내 주거환경의 질은 높아질 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 공동주택 세대내 벽체의 화재안전 성능등급은 총 3개 등급으로 설정하고 30분의 내화성능 또는 총방출열량, 화염전파성능, 열방출률지수를 평가하는 연소성능 기준을 제시하였다. 그리고, 경량벽체 품목중 일반적인 구조에 대한 내화성능 평가 결과 석고보드 칸막이벽은 최소 30분 이상의 내화성능을 만족하였으며, 연소성능은 석고보드 간막이벽과 ALC 벽체 모두 1등급의 성능을 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 성능평가를 수행한 4개 구조 모두 실제 건설현장에서 일반적으로 사용되는 세대 내 벽체 구조로서, 모두 1등급의 성능을 만족하는 것으로 나타나 건설 현장에서 제시된 성능기준을 적용하는데 문제가 없을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the semantic similarities and differences between the verbs finish and end by analyzing and comparing their meanings and noun collocations, especially abstract and artificial nouns, from COCA. This paper reveals that the verbs finish and end have similar meanings and semantic characteristics which cause both verbs to collocate with the same nouns, whilst they also have completely different meanings and the characteristics which make them collocate with totally different nouns from each other. The semantic characteristic of finish is that it tends to collocate with nouns which are temporally bound and located in time. The meanings of finish is reflected in its own noun collocations. Nouns such as letter, food, and doctorate. The unique semantic characteristic of end, which distinguishes it from finish, is that it collocates with nouns that are temporally unbound. The meanings of end is also reflected in its noun collocations. Negative action nouns, such as conflict, bloodshed and negative feeling nouns, such as disappointment, disgrace fall into this category. The most important difference in the meanings between finish and end is that finish implies `something`s being over and complete` and end implies `something`s being over although incomplete`. This study proves that the verbs finish and end have similar meanings which cause them to collocate with the same range of nouns. Meanwhile each verb has its own semantic characteristics and meanings that clearly distinguish it from the other. The understanding of the semantic similarities and differences among similar words by analyzing and comparing their meanings and the collocations, which relate to each verb ?s meanings directly and reflect their semantic characteristics, helps one distinguish these words more easily.