서울 시내 유통점과 온라인 쇼핑몰에서 구입한 홍삼함 유식품 66건과 건강기능식품 홍삼제품 35건의 기능 성분 인 진세노사이드 함량을 비교·분석하였다. 홍삼함유식품 66건 중 전통시장에서 구입한 2건은 진세노사이드가 검출 되지 않았고 64건의 제품에서는 진세노사이드 함량에 대 한 기준은 없지만 일일 섭취량 기준 0.55-71.56 mg을 함 유하고 있었다. 건강기능식품의 홍삼제품은 진세노사이드 평균 함량이 분말형 제품을 제외하고 일일 섭취량 기준 18.23 mg으로 홍삼함유식품의 8.80 mg 보다 약 2배 정도 가 많았다. 홍삼과 흑삼 비교 시 진세노사이드 함량은 홍 삼 제품이 흑삼 제품보다 많거나 비슷하였으나 분말형 제 품의 경우 흑삼 제품이 2배 많았다. 제형별 진세노사이드 평균 함량은 일일섭취량 기준 농축액 21.95 mg으로 가장 많고 분말 형태 12.54 mg, 스틱형 7.36 mg, 파우치형이 4.10 mg 순이었다. 흑삼제품은 고기능성으로 알려져 있으 나 대부분 일반 식품으로 판매되고 있어 건강기능식품 수 준의 관리와 규제가 필요할 것으로 보이며 흑삼의 규격기 준 설정 이후에는 흑삼제품의 기능성분 함량 재평가가 필 요할 것으로 판단된다. 스틱형이나 농축액 제품의 경우 건강기능식품뿐만 아니라 일반식품인 액상차, 홍삼음료로도 널리 판매되고 있어 식품유형 표시를 명확히 해야 할 것 으로 보인다. 최근 면역력 향상을 위한 소비자의 관심 증 가로 다양한 건강기능식품의 수요가 늘어나고 있다. 따라 서 홍삼을 함유한 식품을 섭취 목적에 맞게 선택할 수 있 도록 정확한 함량정보 제공을 위해 다양한 제품에 대한 지속적인 품질평가가 필요하다.

This study evaluated the consumers’ demands and points of improvement for restaurant meal replacement through importance–performance analysis by the restaurant meal replacement segment market using food involvement. The results were as follows. First, after segmenting the restaurant meal replacement market using food involvement, it was classified into three markets (multiple involvements, exploration-oriented, and product quality-oriented). Second, an analysis of the importance of restaurant meal replacement selection attributes revealed taste, sanitation, quality, freshness, price, saving time, texture, ingredients, preparation process, and quantity to be highly important. An analysis of the differences according to the market type revealed the multiple involvement type to be more important than other groups, considering the restaurant meal replacement selection attribute element. Third, an analysis of the importance-performance analysis of restaurant meal replacement selection attributes revealed that quantity and price as the selection attributes that needed to be improved first in all three markets. In addition, in the multiple involvement type, food additives appeared as a selection attribute requiring priority improvement, revealing the characteristics of a market that cares about diet and health.

This study analyzed habitat status of barn swallows within 800 m and changes in potential food resource occurrence for 63 nests (Seocheon 23, Sejong 40) where barn swallows breeding was confirmed in Seocheon and Sejong in 2019 and 2020. As a result of checking habitat compositions of barn swallows in the study area, Sejong showed more varieties of habitat types than Seocheon, showing a larger number of dominant groups. Such large number of dominant groups was found to be an advantageous habitat factor for producing flying insects as potential food resources for barn swallows. As for the production of potential food resources, Seocheon had the highest production in dwelling and stream and Sejong had the highest production in the stream. The production of potential food resources differed in production season by habitat type. This study analyzed compositions of the habitat around the breeding site of swallows. It provides basic data necessary for protecting barn swallow habitats by comparing the production timing and production volume of potential food resources occurring in the habitat.

The influence of the food value consumption type of MZ generation on food choice attribute and sustainable food consumption behavior was studied using structural equation modeling. A survey was conducted on April 11~17, 2022, among panels aged 20 to 39. A total of 350 valid replicates (100%) were analyzed using statistical program SPSS The validity of the measurement instrument was verified through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The data reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The hypothesis was verified by performing path analysis through structural equation modeling using AMOS. Regarding the influence of food choice characteristics on sustainable food consumption behavior, health has a significant positive (+) effect on the selection consumption behavior of certified food and local food. Among food value consumption categories social value consumption has a significant negative (－) influence on the consumption behavior of certified food and the choice of local food. Ethical value consumption has a significant positive (+) influence on the selection consumption behavior of certified food and local food. This study is significant because it has identified sustainable food consumption behaviors that domestic consumers can adopt daily. It can use as baseline data for preparing political and institutional measures.

This study was performed to provide fundamental data on the dietary habits and food purchase types according to the stress patterns. The subject was 312 Chinese students in Gyeonggi region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability analysis, the stress items showed an average of 2.91 and 0.846 for Cronbach alpha coefficient. The results of ANOVA analysis on the difference of dietary habits according to stress are as follows; There were significant differences for the meal frequency per day according to schoolwork, economic, general living, and dietary habits (p<0.05). Also, the general living pattern showed significant differences for the meal outside frequency and Chinese food intake (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA analysis on the difference of food purchase type according to stress are as follows; There was significant differences in degree of use of convenience foods according to interpersonal relationship, cooking method of convenience foods according to economics, the selection criteria of convenience foods according to schoolwork (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient of dietary habits and convenience food intake are 0.223, －0.147 in stress degree and dietary habits. In conclusion, I would like to provide the basic data necessary for the right choice of Chinese students' dietary habits and food purchases.

This study was analyzed to provide fundamental data on the relationship between fast food consumption behaviors and food-related lifestyle types. Data was collected from 268 middle students in the Incheon region through a self-administered questionnaire. A factor analysis extracted five comprising food-related lifestyle, which we named health seeking (factor 1), taste seeking (factor 2), easy seeking (factor 3), popularity seeking (factor 4) and safety seeking (factor 5). According to the results of the factor analysis, the food-related lifestyle showed that the average consumption was more than 2.95 and, 0.792 in Cronbach alpha coefficient. There were significant differences in the influence factor for the selection of fast food according to taste seeking and, popularity seeking types (p<0.05). Also, the easy seeking and safety seeking lifestyle types showed a significant differences for the reason the choosing criteria of fast food (p<0.05). Especially, the nutrition problem was of the highest importance for the health and safety seeking but an advertisement effect trend appealed more to the taste seeking, easy seeking and popularity seeking lifestyles. There were significant differences in fast food of intake frequency according to health seeking, easy seeking, popularity seeking and safety seeking types (p<0.05). A significant positive result of the internal characteristics of fast food consumption (p<0.05) was shown for the health seeking and safety seeking types. A significant positive result of the external characteristics of fast food consumption (p<0.05) was shown for the popularity seeking and safety seeking types.

This paper reviewed the relationship between internal marketing(management support, education, pay system, internal communication, employment security) and food safety climate(prevention, superior attitude, work condition), and the moderating effect of employment type(permanent or temporary employees) in food service company. Based on the responses from 304 responses, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that 4 factors(management support, education, internal communication, employment security) effect positively on food safety climate(prevention, superior attitude, work condition). The positive effect of internal communication on superior attitude and work condition appeared to be more positive in permanent employees than in temporary employees. And the results of t-test analysis showed that permanent employees perceived more positively all internal marketing factors(management support, education, pay system, internal communication, employment security) and food safety climate(precaution, superior attitude, work condition) than temporary employees.

The aim of this study was to classify Korean consumers based on their food-related lifestyle type, and to investigate the relationship between sushi consumption and food-related lifestyle type. Self-reported questionnaires were completed by 300 Korean adults. The SPSS 18.0 program was used to analyze the samples. Data was analyzed by frequency, descriptive factor, reliability, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and chi-square test. A factor analysis extracted four factors comprising foodrelated lifestyle, which we named Health-seeking (factor 1), Taste-seeking (factor 2), Convenience-seeking (factor 3), and Economy-seeking (factor 4). According to a cluster analysis based on those four factors, consumers were classified into three clusters. Cluster 1 was the Taste and Health-seeking cluster, Cluster 2 was the Convenience-seeking cluster, and Cluster 3 was the Passive Eating Habits cluster. The results also indicated that the selection attributes of each cluster were significantly different in terms of perception, the global state of sushi, sushi preference, frequency, companions, place of sushi consumption, and preference for different sushi sub-ingredients. Based on these results, consumer characteristics in the sushi market are discussed.

The spiral vibration heat exchange dryer moves, dries continuously and mixes uniformly particles on the spiral heating plate. So this system is adequate to dry the powder-type food materials. The mass and heat balance equation is used to design dry capacity and water content measurement, sieve analysis and vibration moving test are practiced to lay out the spiral plate. Spiral vibration dryer(300 kg/hr) is manufactured and tested by Dashida powder of 4.8% water content at 80~85oC. The frequency of vibration motor is operated 45Hz, 55Hz, 60Hz and the product mass per time is measured by digital scale. The water content of product is 1.0~1.6% and the dry efficiency is 67.4~78.2%. The spiral vibration heat exchange dryer make 125~363 kg/hr of Dashida dehydrated with temperature consistency and without dust in case.

2005년도부터 전국적으로 음식물류폐기물이 분리･배출됨에 따라 음식물류폐기물의 발생억제 및 감량, 분리 배출 및 수거, 자원화를 위한 다양한 제도 및 정책이 시행되었고, 대부분의 국내 음식물류폐기물은 퇴비화, 사료화, 바이오가스화 등의 방법으로 자원화되고 있다. 그러나 배출에서 자원화까지 소요되는 높은 비용 부담률은 음식물류 폐기물 배출자 및 재활용 종사자들의 편익 저해 요인으로 꼽히고 있는 상황이며 도시 외지, 도서 및 산간 지역에 위치한 가정 및 상업시설 (펜션, 요식업소 등) 의 경우 지정학적 위치로 인한 수집운반 비용이 높게 형성되어 있어 음식물류 분리수거 환경 조성을 어렵게 하고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하고자, 본 연구에서는 도시 외곽 및 산간지역에 위치한 가정 및 상업시설의 음식물류폐기물을 ‘자가 재활용형 도시 음식물 류폐기물 발효소멸 퇴비화장치’ (이하 소형퇴비화장치)를 개발하여 해결하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 5kg 내외의 음식물류폐기물을 발효･소멸화시켜 퇴비를 생산하는 장치를 제작하고, 이에 대한 최적 운영조건 도출과, 사용자의 편의를 위한 무인자동화운전 시스템의 운영 가능성을 살펴보았다. 소형 퇴비화 장치는 약 180L의 용적을 가진 밀폐형 육각원통으로 제작하였으며, 구동모터를 설치하여 육각원통을 360°회전시켜 교반작업을 수행할 수 있도록 제작하였고, 내부에 블로워 설치를 통해 1.3L/min의 공기를 주입･배출하는 공기주입구를 제작하여 호기성 반응에 필요한 공기량을 조절 할 수 있도록 제작하였다. 장치운영에 필요한 전력은 단결정 태양광 패널로써 충당하였다. 실험 방법은 퇴비화 장치 내 호기성 소화를 돕는 호기성매질(톱밥+호기성퇴비)을 최초 1회 생성 후 음식물류 폐기물을 5kg/day 투입하였으며, 장치운영 조건은 음식물류폐기물 1회 5kg/day 투입, 교반 작업 6h/1회, 블로워 작동주기 10~15min/h로 하여 소화조 내 호기성 산화 반응에 따른 온도 변화량 및 내부물질의 성분, pH, 염도 변화를 살펴보았다. 또한 장치 운행 중 사용자의 편의를 위한 음식물류폐기물 투입과정 이외의 교반작업, 공기주입 작업은 타이머를 설치하여 자동화 운영 가능성을 살펴보았다. 실험결과 생산된 퇴비의 VS와 FS의 평균 측정값은 각각 82.82%, 17.17%를 나타내었고, 함수율은 평균 56.87% 를 나타내었다. 염도의 평균값은 0.49%로 측정되었으며, pH 값은 7.23으로 확인되었다. 이 같은 결과는 비료 공정 규격에 명시되어있는 기준 항목인 함수율, 염도, pH 중 함수율을 제외한 모든 항목에서 적정수치를 나타냈으며, 함수율은 추후 공기투입량 조정을 통해 일부 개선할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 블로워 작동주기를 12h/day 미만으로 하였을 시 장치의 전력부족 현상이 발생하지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 소형퇴비화장치의 발생 재활용물의 퇴비화과정의 적정성을 확인하였으며, 추후 생산된 퇴비에 관한 중금속함량 검사를 통해 음식물퇴비로써의 사용가능성을 검토할 것이다. 또한 장치의 무인 자동화 운영 가능성을 확인 하였고 이를 통한 도시 외지, 도서 및 산간지역에 위치한 가정 및 상업시설에서 소형퇴비화 장치 운영이 가능할 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 도시 외지에서 발생하는 음식물류폐기물의 효율적인 처리가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

This paper describes the performance of the module-type drying apparatus for the composting of a food waste. The drying apparatus mainly consists of a screw-type food waste agitator, an air exhaust blower, a heat supply tube and a heat source. Two different discharging flow conditions of the drying apparatus, 4 and 5 m3/min, are introduced. Partly dried by-products after six hours drying operation in the drying apparatus is obtained while drying temperature keeps constant of 60oC. It is noted that the by-products needs to sufficient decay period for the composting. Deodorizing apparatus having a zigzag flow and a nozzle, which is connected to the drying apparatus, is also designed to enhance the removing performance of the odor. Throughout experimental measurements, time to the drying temperature of 60oC near the screw-type food waste agitator is shortened as discharging flow rate of the system decreases. The moisture content decreases to 50 percent after operation for 4 hours. Furthermore, the odor of the food waste is satisfied with the environment exhaust standard through the deodorizing apparatus.

This study was conducted to evaluate the treatment efficiency including reaction kinetics and hydraulic characteristics of food processing wastewater by using an ejector-type aeration system (ETAS) in activated sludge process. The oxygen transfer efficiency in ETAS can be changed in accordance with the depth of reactor. However, the optimum air velocity was found less than 1.82 m/hr at a superficial liquid velocity of 634 m/hr. The ETAS process showed higher organic material removal efficiency than that of the existing activated sludge process under hydraulic detention time ranged from 6 to 12 hours. This process, which can maintain MLVSS highly, is able to have high organic material removal efficiency at short HRT and deal with variable organic material loading.