The physicochemical properties of high-pressure homogenized (microfluidized) maize starch with different preheating temperatures (50, 60oC), levels of pressure (34.5, 69, 138 MPa), and numbers of pass (1, 2, 3 pass) were examined in this study. The enzyme susceptible starch (ESS) content, morphological property, X-ray diffraction, and Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) profile of starch were significantly altered via increasing the number of passes and preheating temperatures. The amount of ESS and the diffraction pattern of starch indicated that the granular crystalline structure of starch was severely damaged by increasing the number of passes and preheating temperatures. The morphology of starch granule was changed from angular to spherical shape with the damaged surface as the pressure increased. Moreover, damaged starch particles gathered to form a larger mass when treated at a higher temperature with the increasing number of passes, indicating that different types and extents of damage occurred. The RVA profile of starch showed a moderate peak viscosity with increased pasting stability against shear thinning similar to that of cross-linked starch as the number of passes and preheating temperatures increased. These results suggested that microfluidization combined with preheating might be used as a potential alternative method for the modification of starch such as cross-linked starch.

This study was carried out to produce stable evening primrose oil in water emulsion by using various emulsifier with HLB (8.6, 12, 16.7), concentration (0-45%) and emulsification methods such as high-speed emulsification (7,000 rpm, 2 min) and high-pressure homogenization (10,000 psi, 1 cycle). And then properties of evening primrose oil in water emulsion was evaluated with keeping at room temperature and 40oC during 28 days. Lower HLB 8.6 and high viscosity emulsifier added emulsions were not appropriate for high-pressure homogenization and were separated in a day. The optimum emulsification condition was HLB 12 and high-pressure homogenization (10,000 psi, 1 cycle) for evening primrose oil in water emulsion. These emulsions produced by optimum condition were not separated with the aqueous phase and the oil phase and they were nano-sized around 200 nm, higher zeta-potential (±mV), mono-polydispersed (<0.3), and less oxidized (<0.4) during 28 days.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of weighting agent (WA) and high pressure homogenization (HPH) on the stability of water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion (DE). To prepare oil phase (O), olive oil, glycerol ester of wood rosin (WA; variable 1), and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (lipophilic emulsifier), and for interior water phase (W1), deionized water, gelatin, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract(core material) were mixed and heated. When temperature of O and W1 reached up to 60℃, W1 was dispersed into O dropwisely followed by magnetic stirring at 1500 rpm for 2 min (O:W1=3:1). By applying homogenization at 4000 rpm for 2 min followed by ultrasonication for 4 min, water-in-oil primary emulsion (PE) was produced. And resting PE at 4℃ for 30 min was followed. For exterior water phase (W2), deionized water, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, and polysorbate 80 (hydrophilic emulsifier) were mixed. When temperature of PE reached at room temperature (24 ± 2℃), PE was dispersed into W2 dropwisely followed by magnetic stirring at 1500 rpm for 15 min (PE:W2=1:3). By applying ultrasonication for 2 min followed by HPH at 500 bar for 1 to 3 times (variable 2), DE was produced. When DE was freshly produced, phase separation occurred at different period of time depending on whether variable 1 and 2 were applied or not (from 5 min to more than a day). The structure of DE was observed through optical and transmission electron microscopy. And relationship between the mean size of oil droplets and the occurring time of phase separation was studied. DE can be used as an appropriate delivery system for co-loading both hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds simultaneously, and promoting industrialization as well by applying it to food products, for example, beverage.

본 연구에서는 지용성 생리활성 물질인 커큐민의 가용화를 통해 실제 식품에 적용하기 위하여 고압 균질기(microfluidizer)를 이용한 나노크기 입자를 생산하였으며,제조된 나노에멀젼의 입자특성을 검토하였다. 제조된 나노에멀젼의 여러 가지 물리적 특성은 유화제 종류 및 농도,분산상과 연속상의 혼합비율, 고압 균질기의 압력 및 통과횟수의 영향을 받았다. 일반적으로 연속상에서의 유화제농도가 높을수록, 고압 균질기 압력 및 통과횟수가 높을수록 입자크기 및 제타전위 값이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며,입자분산지수 또한 감소되는 양상을 보였다. 여러 조건에서 제조된 나노에멀젼의 저장 기간 동안 입자크기 변화를측정한 결과, 물리적으로 매우 안정한 상태를 유지하였다.따라서, 본 연구를 통해 고압균질기를 이용하여 입자분포가 좁은 커큐민 함유 나노에멀젼을 제조할 수 있었다. 추후 연구에서는 음료와 같은 실제 식품에 적용하고 상업적으로 이용하기 위해서는 열, 냉동, pH, 염 등의 외부환경에 대한 물리화학적 안정성을 검토해야 할 것이다.

The effects of pressure and number of passes upon Biji paste properties using a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH)were investigated. A hydrocolloid of Biji was processed with a HPH at 15,000 or 25,000 psi and with 1 or 2 passes.The hydrocolloid was assessed for dietary fiber, protein, sugar content, water absorption index (WAI), water solu-bility index (WSI), rheological character, and distribution stability. As pass number and pressure increased, solubledietary fiber, sugar content, WAI, and distribution stability also increased, whereas particle size decreased. As aresult, processing at 25,000 psi and 2 passes is considered as a proper treatment for processing quality. In breadmaking with HPH treated Biji, volume, hardness, and cohesiveness of bread increased, while density decreased. Theoptimum processing condition for bread with HPH treated Biji was determined by a design expert program. Nineexperimental points were selected, and wheat flour (91-95%) and HPH Biji (5-9%) were chosen as the independentvariables. The optimum formulation of bread using the numerical analysis was set at 94.2% wheat flour and 5.8%HPH Biji with a 0.725 desirability value.

전분필름의 물성에 미치는 고압균질 처리의 영향을 검토한 결과, 고압균질처리 옥수수전분필름은 산화전분필름과 유사한 투명도를 가지며, 용해도와 산소투과억제력의 증가와 함께 인장강도가 다소 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 고압균질처리 옥수수전분필름의 물성변화는 고압균질기의 고압과 전단력에 의해 호화전분입자가 완전히 소실되고 전분의 용해도 증가와 보다 균일한 분산상이 형성되기 때문으로 판단되었다. 일반적인 호화과정을 통해 형성되는 전분필름의 구조는 연속상의 아밀로오스에 팽윤된 접분입자가 분산되어 있는 network 형태에서 형성된다. 반면 고압균질처리의 경우, 호화전분입자의 붕괴로 아밀로펙틴이 연속상을 이루고 여기에 아밀로오스가 분산상으로 존재하는 새로운 분산계(dispersed system)가 형성되어, 기존 호화 방법으로 제조한 필름과 다른 물성을 나타내는 것으로 판단되었다.

본 연구는 산업 폐기물인 비지를 활용하여 부가 가치가 높은 가공식품을 개발하기 위한 일환으로 수행되었다. 즉 대두 가공 부산물인 비지를 활용하여 죽류, 음료류 및 유동 식 등의 제품으로 개발하기 위해, 초고압균질 가공 기술을 활용하여 초미세 비지 현탁액을 제조하고 추출수율, 영양 성분 및 항산화성을 확인하였다. 비지 분산액을 homogenizer 를 이용하여 1,0000 rpm에서 5분 분쇄한 후 1,000bar, 1,500bar 및 2,000bar의 압력을 가해 고압균질 가공 처리 하였다. 고압균질 가공처리한 모든 실험구가 대조군에 비 하여 추출수율이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 초고압 균질 처리 후 총당, 환원당 및 가용성 식이섬유의 함량은 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 불용성 식이섬유는 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 단백질 함량과 유리아미노산 함량은 대조군보다 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 처리 압력이 높아질수록 유의적으로 증가하였으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거능도 유의적으로 증대되었다(p<0.05). 초고압 균질 가공 기술은 비지의 영양성분과 항산화성을 증가시키 는 매우 효과적인 가공방법이며, 비지의 영양성분을 효율적 으로 활용하여 가공식품을 제조할 수 있음을 확인하였다.