지난 5년 동안 해양안전심판원 재결서의 충돌사고 원인에 대한 통계나 사고 원인을 보면, 해상에서 발생하는 충돌사고의 직접적인 원인 중 약 70～80% 이 상이 경계 소홀이다. 경계 소홀을 초래하는 간접요인으로는 인적, 기계적, 환경 적, 구조적 요인이 있으며, 대표적인 인적 요인은 당직자가 자리를 비워 경계 를 하지 않았거나 당직 중 다른 일을 하거나 초기 상대 선박 인지 후 움직임을 지속적으로 관찰하지 않아서 발생하였다는 연구 결과들이 있다. 어선은 어업 종류에 따라서 선수 갑판에 기중기, 양망기, 집어등, 데릭 등 여 러 가지 어로 설비를 설치하여 운영하고 있으며, 설치된 대형 어로 설비나 갑 판에 적재된 부피가 큰 어구들로 인해 조종자의 시야를 제한하는 환경적, 구조 적 맹목 구간으로 작용할 수 있다. 조종자의 시야 확보는 선박의 사고 예방과 안전 항해에 있어서 아주 기본적 이면서도 가장 중요한 사항으로, 당직자가 전방 경계를 할 수 없거나 경계를 방해하는 환경적 또는 구조적 문제에 의해 발생하는 충돌사고는 시야를 가리는 환경이나 구조물을 근본적으로 제거하는 것이 사고를 줄이는 가장 좋은 방법이다. 따라서 충돌사고의 가장 큰 원인인 당직자의 경계 소홀을 초래하는 여러 가 지 요인 중에서 선체의 구조물이나 어로 설비, 적재 어구 등에 의해 조종자의 시야를 방해할 수 있는 외부적 문제점들을 찾아서 개선방안을 모색하였다.

해양사고에 관한 많은 연구와 분석에 따르면 약 80%가 인적 오류에 의하여 발생되고 있는 것으로 파악되고 있다. 해양사고의 예방대책 수립을 수립하기 위하여 사고를 일으킨 배후 인적 요인을 파악하는 연구가 반드시 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 주목적은 m-SHEL 모델을 이용하여 해상교통 관련 사고의 배후 인적 요인을 파악하고 분석하는 것이다. 다른 분야에서 사용되는 m-SHEL 모델은 일반적인 인적 요인의 개념을 기반으로 되어 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 선박운항시스템에 수용하기 위하여 이 모델을 확장하여 인적 요인 을 정의하였다. 또한, 이 확장된 모델의 타당성을 SPSSWIN의 신뢰성 분석을 통하여 검증하였다. 그리고 이 확장된 m-SHEL 모델의 분류표 사용하여 해양안전심판원의 재결서에서 추출한 자료로부터 해상교통 관련 사고의 배후 인적 요인을 분석하였다. 해상교통 관련 사고의 배후 인적 요인을 분석한 결과 조선자 자신에 관한 요인 L이 가장 많았으며 다음으로 L-E, L-m, L-H, L-S 및 L-L 순으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 해상교통 관련 사고의 예방 및 해상안전관리시스템 구축을 위한 유용한 분석 결과를 제시함으로써 인적 요인에 의한 해상교통 관련 사고 방지에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

유류와 위험 유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 이하 HNS)을 포함하는 위험물질의 해상운송 중에 발생하는 사고가 증가하고 있어, 이러한 위험물질 해양사고를 방지할 수 있는 예방대책을 마련해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 국내에서 발생하는 위험물질 해양사고 자료(2002~2014)를 수집하여 인명 및 환경 위험도를 분석하였으며, 사고원인 규명 및 적절한 예방대책이 필요한 우선 안전관 리분야를 파악하고자 하였다. 인명위험도는 선박 수리 및 탱커세정(tank cleaning) 작업과정에서 발생하는 폭발 및 인명사고 중 질식 등 이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 환경위험도는 충돌, 좌초 등에 의한 유출사고로 인해 발생하였다. 또한 비포장 상태의 위험화물을 선박에 적재 중 취급부주의로 인하여 유출사고가 일어났다. 다수의 사고는 적합한 안전장비 미착용, 취급 부주의 등 인적오류로 인한 사고로 서 관리·감독을 강화하고, 주기적인 교육·훈련을 통하여 사고 저감이 가능하다. 위험물질 해양사고를 예방하기 위해서는 물질 자체 고 유의 특성상 유해성과 위험성을 지닌 위험물질(유류와 HNS)에 대한 안전관리를 더욱 강화해야 한다.

In the construction sites, rush (speedy construction) work have recently been overused because of budget reductions by reducing the construction duration after the long-term economic recession and construction business stagnation with institutional change including the instruction of the duration shortening bidding system and the introduction of the post-construction sales system by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements. Due to this, negligent accidents have frequently occurred by forcing manpower, equipment, finance, and material procurement and pressing ahead with impractical construction wok at night according to the reduction of construction schedules. Therefore, this paper has the necessity of this study to seek for alternatives to prevent negligent accidents by finding factors related to rush work in the reality that the importance for preventing negligent accidents is more emphasized while they have not been reduced in construction sites.

Aviation safety is increasingly important to secure the safety of the Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF). A critical activity for enhancing aviation safety is to analyze an accident throughly and to identify causes that can explain it reasonably. The results of such a systematic accident investigation can be effectively used for improving information displays, task procedures, and training systems as well as for reorganizing team structure and communication control system. However, the current practice of analyzing aviation accidents in ROKAF is too superficial and simple to diagnose them systematically. Additionally, the current practice does not give a full consideration to human factors that have been identified as main causes of most of the aviation accidents. With this issue in mind, this study aims to suggest a new approach to analyzing aviation accidents related to human factors.The proposed method is developed on the basis of several models and frameworks about system safety, human error, and human-system interaction. Its application to forty-two human factors-related accidents, which have occurred in ROKAF during the last ten years, showed that the proposed method could be a useful tool for analyzing aviation accidents caused by human factors.

Occupational fatal injury rate per 10,000 population of Korea is still higher among the OECD member countries. To prevent fatal injuries, the causes of accidents including human error should be analyzed and then appropriate countermeasures should be established. There was an severe converter furnace accident resulting in five people death by chocking in 2013. Although the accident type of the furnace accident was suffocation, many safety problems were included before reaching the death of suffocation. If the safety problems are reviewed throughly, the alternative measures based on the review would be very useful in preventing similar accidents. In this study, we investigated the converter furnace accident by using human error analysis and accident scenario analysis. As a result, it was found that the accident was caused by some human errors, inappropriate task sequence and lack of control in coordinating work by several subordinating companies. From the review of this case, the followings are suggested: First, systematic human error analysis should be included in the investigation of fatal injury accidents. Second, multi man-machine accident scenario analyis is useful in most of coordinating work. Third, the more provision of information on system state will lessen human errors. Fourth, the coordinating control in safety should be performed in the work conducting by several different companies.

Because the damages of corrosion resulting from the chloride ion are very serious, many research studies have been performed to measure the penetration depth of the chloride ion. However, there is a problem with data selection obtained from collection during experiments. In this study, it appears that the collected data are not conformed to a normal distribution. The result of this study will play a very important role, as a first step for the development and construction of a forecasting system to help determine a reliable service lifetime of marine structures.

To verify the effect of driver's personal characteristics of driver on the accident frequency through railway accidents caused by human errors and the relationship with aptitude test. To prove the relevance between the driver's personal characteristics and human error accidents. Accident data from 2010 to 2011 was analyzed which collected from a train crew department in K national corporation, and 31 drivers gave an personal interview from Sep. 2011 to Nov. 2011 who had controlled a train alone and caused an accident. Compared between driver's personal characteristics and accident rate, and accident induction possibility surveyed from normal person and disqualified in aptitude tests. Accidents was occurred with the age 40s (27%) and 50s (25%), and with the experience between 15 years and 20 years (38%) and over 20 years (30%). Because more aged, more experienced, it can be seen in the correlation between driver's age and accidents induction caused by human errors like illusion. First of all it must be checked whether working conditions and environmental factors are human error-prone. Most accidents occur when received civil complaints or manager at the riding. Therefore accidents can be prevented when investigated through subsequent surveys how often human error happens, even though no accident, and safety device installed based on the error frequency.

  Enhanced machine reliability has dramatically reduced the rate and number of railway accidents but for further reduction human error should be considered together that accounts for about 20% of the accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study was t

In the shipping industry, it is well known that around 80 % or more of all marine accidents are caused fully or at least in part by human error. In this regard, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) stated that the study of human factors would be important for improving maritime safety. Consequently, the IMO adopted the Casualty Investigation Code, including guidelines to assist investigators in the implementation of the Code, to prevent similar accidents occurring again in the future. In this paper, a process of the human factors investigation is proposed to provide investigators with a guide for determining the occurrence sequence of marine accidents, to identify and classify human error-inducing underlying factors, and to develop safety actions that can manage the risk of marine accidents. Also, an application of these investigation procedures to a collision accident is provided as a case study This is done to verify the applicability of the proposed human factors investigation procedures. The proposed human factors investigation process provides a systematic approach and consists of 3 steps: ‘Step 1: collect data & determine occurrence sequence’ using the SHEL model and the cognitive process model; ‘Step 2: identify and classify underlying human factors’ using the Maritime-Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (M-HFACS) model; and ‘Step 3: develop safety actions,’ using the causal chains. The case study shows that the proposed human factors investigation process is capable of identifying the underlying factors and indeveloping safety actions to prevent similar accidents from occurring.

The management of safety at sea is based on a set of internationally accepted regulations and codes, governing or guiding the design and operation of ships. The regulations most directly concerned with human safety and protection of the environment are, in general, agreed internationally through the International Maritime Organization(IMO). IMO has continuously dealt with safety problems and, recognized that the human element is a key factor in both safety and pollution prevention issues(IMO, 2010). This paper proposes a human error analysis methodology which is based on the human error taxonomy and theories (SHELL model, GEMS model and etc.) that were discussed in the IMO guidelines for the investigation of human factors in marine casualties and incidents. In this paper, a cognitive process model, a human error analysis technique and a marine accident causal chains focused on human factors are discussed, and towing vessel collision accidents are analyzed as a case study in order to examine the applicability of the human error analysis technique to marine accidents. Also human errors related to those towing vessel collision accidents and their underlying factors are discussed in detail.

선박충돌사고는 많은 원인이 서로 복잡하게 상호작용을 하여 발생하고 있으며, 특히 인적요인에 의한 충돌사고가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이러한 선박충돌사고 원인분석은 선박의 안전 운항상의 측면에서 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 시스템 다이내믹스법을 이용하여 선박충돌사고 인적요인 모델을 구축하고, 선박충돌사고를 감소시키기 위한 가장 효과적인 대책을 수립하기 위한 정책요소를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 수행을 위해 FSM법에 의한 충돌사고원인의 구조분석을 인과지도상의 정량적, 정성적, 피드백 루프로 변환하였다. 그리고 시뮬레이션 기간을 20년간(1993-2012)으로 설정하여 표준시뮬레이션모델과 8가지 정책시뮬레이션모델에 대해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.