본 연구는 독일어권의 사물인터넷을 이용한 데이터 거래와 블록체인 기술로 인한 사회혁신을 조망하고자 한다. 먼저, 독일어권 국가에서의 빅 데이터와 블록체인 기술의 활용을 조사하기 위해 문헌 연구 및 선행 연 구 검토가 수행되었다. 또한, 데이터레이드(Datarade)와 같은 독일의 데 이터 회사 및 정부의 데이터 경제 관련 프로젝트(GAIA-X)에 대한 사례 연구가 진행되었다. 이를 통해 독일에서의 데이터 및 블록체인 활용 현 황을 파악하고, 각 산업 분야에서의 적용 사례를 식별하였다. 금융 산업 에서는 블록체인 기술을 활용하여 계좌 번호 및 구매 세부 정보를 안전 하게 저장하고 있으며, 부동산 산업에서는 임대 계약, 임대료 결제 확인 등을 블록체인을 통해 효율적으로 관리하고 있다. 특히 교육 부문에서 블록체인 기술의 활용에 대한 현지 사례 및 연구 결과를 종합하여 분석 하였다. 블록체인의 보안이라는 장점을 살려 학습자의 학습 성과나 평가, 성적 증명, 학습낙오자나 성적부진자의 학습활동 추적, 부정행위 방지, 스마트 계약을 통한 과제 관리, 평생학습증 및 학습이력부 제공 등의 방 식으로 이미 독일은 교육계에 혁신을 이루어나가고 있다. 교육 부문에서 의 이러한 조사 방법을 통해 독일에서의 기술 혁신 및 사회적 변화에 대 한 종합적인 이해를 제공하고자 한다. 이러한 결과들은 독일정부 주도의 데이터거래와 블록체인 분야의 기술혁신의 효과를 입증하기에 한국정부 의 산업혁신에도 활용할 수 있는 중요한 통찰을 제공할 것이다.

Recent, there has been a need for a terminal device with artificial intelligence to detect emergency situations in various means of transportation to prevent overdischarge of the battery even when parking the vehicle for a long time so that the driver can properly prepare. The transmission system, which guides the situation and location information of the vehicle, uses AHD video technology and RTOS technology to reduce the load of wireless networks by increasing the video playback rate through UDP implementation by WiFi, and stabilizes through wireless networks and low-power sensors using LoRa services.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of concrete pavements by measuring the unit-water content with an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based unit-water content measurement device at an increased precision compared with that of existing measuring equipment. METHODS : We calculated the properties of concrete that varied according to variations in the unit-water content. To confirm the change in the performance of concrete pavements, we compared and analyzed the fatigue cracking rate and international roughness index of concrete pavements at the 20-year point of public use according to the changes in properties using the Korea Pavement Research Program(KPRP). RESULTS : We confirmed that IoT-based measurement equipment can improve the performance of pavements without changing their mixing designs or specifications. We confirmed that the performance of the concrete pavements changed significantly, even with unit-water content variations within the range of quality standards. According to IoT-based unit-water content management, we confirmed that the performance of the concrete pavement (fatigue cracking rate and international roughness index) improved without changing the mixing design. CONCLUSIONS : We confirmed that by using IoT-based unit-water content management, pavement performance can be improved. It is necessary to consider whether the application of this concept to other concrete property management items, such as the chloride content, is possible. Considering the changes in concrete properties according to the unit-water content based on laboratory tests and considerations of various load conditions will be necessary for future research.

Global concerns have grown regarding emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) caused by previously unknown pathogens. Considering that strengthening surveillance capacity for unknown diseases is one of the core capacities for preparedness and early response to EIDs, identifying areas with poor capacity could be beneficial to prioritize regions for the improvement of surveillance. In this regard, we aimed to develop prediction models to identify high risk areas for low surveillance capacity for unknown diseases in a global scale. Unexplained death events reported between 2015 and 2019 were collected from two internet-based surveillance systems, ProMED-mail and Global Public Health Intelligence Network. From the reports, the number of reported unexplained deaths at the first report and the time gap between death and report were extracted as measures for sensitivity and timeliness of surveillance capacity, respectively. Using geographical locations of the reports and published global scale spatial data, including demographic, socioeconomic, public health and geographical variables, we fitted two boosted regression tree models to predict regions with the low sensitivity and timeliness. The performance of prediction model for the low sensitivity showed moderate validity, but in terms of the model for timeliness, the performance was unreliable. Therefore, we provided predicted risk only for low sensitivity. The mean predicted risks of low sensitivity were, respectively, 45.2%, 37.4%, 12.5%, and 3.0% in low-income, lower middle-income, upper middle-income, and high-income countries. Enhancing surveillance capacity in low-income countries is highly required, given the predicted low level of sensitivity despite the importance of early response.

PURPOSES : Currently, the domestic construction industry is dominated by large-scale projects such as roads, ports, airports, and buildings. Construction on such projects is generally conducted simultaneously, but the process and quality management are led by a small number of responsible managers. In the case of road pavements, owing to rapid industrial development, economic growth, and the expansion of social overhead capital investment in the road construction industry, highways and general national roads have been constructed on a large scale. Therefore, this study aimed to improve and develop domestic concrete production and construction quality management by improving the reliability and transparency of production quality management and simplifying business processes. This was accomplished through the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based cement quality management system capable of automated design and build (D/B) construction and real-time monitoring. METHODS : The "IQ" system is a quality management system for enabling real-time monitoring of D/B quality at the time of concrete production and according to the designated age by utilizing quality test equipment developed with an LTE-Bluetooth function. It is possible to immediately identify and respond to quality problems through real-time monitoring, secure a reliable quality D/B because the quality test results cannot be arbitrarily manipulated, and to simplify the work process through the automatic D/B construction. In addition, improved quality control can be achieved through real-time information sharing and feedback system operations between contractors, managers, and personnel involved in construction. The quality control test items for developing the IQ system are the compression and flexural strengths, as these can be used to determine the design standard strength of pre-curing concretes (such as their slump and unit quantity) and the adequacy of the workability and durability, as well as the air volume to predict the durability, and the chloride content in the sections where reinforcement is used. CONCLUSIONS : This study identified difficulties and limitations in quality management according to the operation method in the domestic quality management systems, and in the real-time monitoring between managers and contractors. Thus, it was necessary to establish an improved systematic and reliable quality management system. The IQ system was developed to solve this problem.

The paper presents the longitude study of Internet technologies introduction into business model. Rapid spread of Internet technologies has a significant impact on the business models transformation. Today, information technology has become an integral part of communication with customers. In 2017 the penetration rate of the Internet in Russia reached 73%. Thus, almost 3/4 of the population is currently Internet users and be reached online. On the one hand, Internet communication speeds up and simplifies the processes; on the other hand, the key competitive advantage of direct selling business model is blurred. For ages business model was based on direct interpersonal contacts between the distributor and the customer. In this business model relationship creates more value than the product itself [Luk, Fullgrabe, Yi, 1996] and face-to-face meeting is the key descriptor [Sanan, 1997]. Direct selling is cultivated through relationships and provides customer-centric marketing opportunities [Harrison, Hair, 2017]. The question of this study is whether introduction of innovative Internet technologies into communication with customers is beneficial for traditional direct selling business model. Empirical research is based on comparative analysis of data from three survey waves (6380 respondents in 2011, 5638 respondents in 2014 and 6800 respondents in 2017). Effectiveness of Internet usage the for communicate with customers was analized in dynamics over the three waves of 2011, 2014, 2017. Using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method 15 (fifteen) hypotheses were checked. Nine (9) out of 15 (fifteen) hypotheses were confirmed. Research revealed that personalization determines the effectiveness of communication with customers via internet-based tools (e-mail, web site, social networks, professional social networks, video channels, blogs, microblogs, videoconferences and webinars, messaging applications and files). Nevertheless, face-to-face communication remains significant communication channel for success in direct-selling

The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effects of internet shopping experience on appearance management in elder people, psychological adaptation and social connectedness. Data were collected from 257 elder people who living in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, descriptive statistic analysis, moderated stepwise regression. The results of the study were as follows: First, appearance management of elder people was significantly related to psychological adaptation and social connectedness. Second, internet shopping experience moderated between appearance management and social connectedness. Third, internet shopping experience is not a moderator variable on between appearance management and psychological adaptation, it just was a influential factor on psychological adaptation. Based on these results, it suggests that there are strong needs of approaching of practical and political interventions to development internet shopping system for social connectedness and psychological adaptation of the elderly in future aging society.

문학지리학 연구의 관심 증가와 함께, 인터넷을 기반으로 한 지리정보 기술의 발전은 문학 작품의 지리정보 분석 및 서비스의 효율성을 증가시키고 있다. 이와 관련하여, 문학 작품에서 나타나는 지리적 사고와 내용에 대한 보다 심층적인 분석과 이를 기반으로 한 지리정보 기술의 적용에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구는 박지원의 ｢열하일기｣를 대상으로 인터넷 기반의 지리정보를 분석하고 서비스를 구현하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 박지원의 ｢열하일기｣에서 나타나는 지리적 사고와 내용을 5가지, 위치/영역, 지형, 기후, 지역지리, 영토/세계관을 중심으로 도출하였다. 그리고 이를 기반으로 Google Map, ArcGIS를 이용하여 6가지 주요 기능을 구현하 였는데, 이는 다양한 공간 스케일의 지도 조작 및 탐색, 2차원 및 3차원 지도 시각화 기능, Mashup 기능을 이용한 위치정보와 다양한 정보들의 결합, 고도 단면도 생성 및 분석, 이동거리 분석, 날씨 정보와 이동거리 정보의 시간 시각화, 역사지도와의 연계이다. 이러한 시도를 통해 문학 작품에 대한 보다 입체적, 다차원적인 지리적 이해를 높일 것으로 기대한다

The purposes of this study was to identify fashion shoppers’perceived risk and satisfaction while shopping at overseas online shopping malls based on their internet shopping values. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and an internet survey was conducted from April 12~15, 2015. Most consumers purchased one or two fashion items at overseas online malls directly, motivated by low prices, and spent 200,000~400,000 won during the last one year. The factors of consumers’ internet shopping values were information, hedonics, and practicality. Factors of perceived risk were delivery and refund, price and approval, and product and shopping mall. Consumers were divided into three categories: heavy pursuit shoppers, intermediate shoppers, and uninformed shoppers based on their internet shopping values. Heavy pursuit shoppers were primarily female; they spent more, felt a deeper patronage with overseas online shopping malls and their perceived risk regarding delivery and refund was higher than the other shoppers. The group of uninformed shoppers were primarily male. They spent less, had low patronage with overseas online shopping malls, and their perceived risk regarding delivery and refund was lower than other shoppers. Overall satisfaction was positively affected by information provided while shoppers were surfing the overseas online shopping malls and practicality. Satisfaction was negatively affected by perceived risk regarding price and approval and difficulty in finding specific products while shopping at overseas online shopping malls.

The Internet changes the social communication. It indicates the democratic political innovation. The research on the network democracy and electronic democracy becomes the important politics science issue. Some scholars think some of the isolated countries such as The People's Republic of China, The Democratic People's Republic of Korea will inevitably move towards democratization road under the impact of the Internet. This paper is as this background to reveal the new media which represents by Internet bring changes in China's political environment. The paper considers that the internet is provided with early democracy characteristics in China. It influences China's political environment, and has brought the following changes: to promote the construction of the interactive relationship between the government and people; to promote the transformation of the traditional political culture to modern political culture; to expand the channel of social supervision; to recover the defect of supervision system in the transition period. In brief, the Internet is rapidly penetrated into all aspects of China's political life. It is as"the fourth mouth piece" to be rebuilding the modern China's political environment. Chinese citizens’ participation in the internet has made great achievements in past 20years, although the results can not cover up "digital divide", "network despotism", "populism tendency" and so on existing issues in current network politics. However, it cannot be ignored that Chinese citizens play the role in network political participation, along with network order is constantly governance.

In an increasingly dynamic business environment, innovation output occupies a central position among all organizational outputs, not only because it is a primary way in which firms compete and grow, but also because it profoundly influences social and economic evolution (Eisenhardt & Tabrizi, 1995; Sorensen & Stuart, 2000). Understanding the factors that determine an organization’s ability to produce new ideas and continually innovate thus is a fundamental issue in strategic management and marketing fields. Among all sort of determinants, collaboration with buyers to create value through innovation has attracted particular attention from scholars (von Hippel, 1988; Thomke & von Hippel, 2002; Sawhney, Verona, & Prandelli, 2005). This study examined the role of Internet-based collaboration in the buyer-supplier relationship in promoting product innovation of supplying firms. Drawing on the juxtaposition of the governance literature and social exchange theory, we proposed that Internet-based collaboration positively affects product innovation performance of supplying firms, but too much dependence on it impedes product innovation. That is, Internet-based collaboration has an inverted U-shaped relationship with product innovation performance of supplying firms. It further posited that in-person interaction between buying and supplying firms strengthens the positive effect of Internet-based collaboration on product innovation, such that when the degree of in-person interaction is high, Internet-based collaboration is associated with better innovation performance. These propositions were tested using data from a large survey conducted by a survey data on buyer-supplier relationships in China. The results show that Internet-based collaboration has a stronger positive relationship with innovation performance and this positive effect declines after the degree of Internet-based collaboration goes beyond a threshold. Moreover, the first-order effect of Internet-based collaboration is stronger when the degree of in-person interaction is high than when it is low. The optimal level of Internet-based collaboration in low degree of in-person interaction is moderate, whereas when in-person interaction is more frequently used in connecting with buying firms the optimal level rises. These results provide strong supports for the predictions of hypotheses.

1990년대 중반 인터넷의 상용화가 활발해지면 서 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 다양한 사업모델들이 개발되고, 기업의 경제활동의 상당부분이 인터넷 을 기반으로 이루어지는 추세가 더욱 심화되고 있 는 상황이다. 그런데 이 같은 인터넷 기반 사업자들 에게 경쟁법을 적용함에 있어서 흥미로운 논의들 이 이루어지고 있다. 경쟁법적 분석의 출발점인 시 장획정과 관련하여, 가격에 근거한 대체가능성이 라는 전통적인 경쟁법적 전제가 과연 인터넷 기반 사업에도 그대로 적용될 수 있는지, 부당한 공동행 위의 경우에 인터넷 기반 사업의 특징으로 인하여 경쟁제한적인 합의에 대한 평가가 달라질 수 있는 지, 시장지배적 지위의 남용에 있어서 시장지배력 을 인정하는 근거나 남용행위의 부당성을 판단함 에 있어서 인터넷 기반 사업의 특징들이 어떻게 평가될 것인지, 기업결합에 있어서도 인터넷 기반 사 업자들 간의 결합에 대한 관련 시장에서의 경쟁제 한성을 판단하는 기준은 전통적인 사업자들 간의 결합의 경우와 어떠한 차이점이 있을 수 있는지 등 에 대한 많은 논의들이 이루어지고 있다. 우리나라 의 공정거래위원회도 인터넷 기반 사업자들에 대 하여 공정거래법상의 다양한 규제를 한 사례들이 축적되고, 이에 대한 법원의 판단을 받은 사례들도 증가하고 있다. 온라인 음악서비스 사업자들의 부 당한 공동행위에 대한 사건, 오픈마켓 사업자의 시 장지배적 지위 남용사건, 오픈마켓 사업자들의 기 업결합 사건 등에서 이러한 인터넷 기반 사업에 대 한 특징들이 고려되었다. 나아가 공정거래위원회 는 인터넷 기반 사업이 소비자에게 미치는 파급력 을 고려하여 전자상거래법상 금지되는 기만적인 소비자 유인행위를 판단함에 있어서는 매우 엄격 한 의무를 인터넷 기반 사업자들에게 부과하였다. 이는 인터넷 기반 사업에서의 소비자보호에 대하 여는 매우 엄정한 법집행을 하겠다는 의지가 반영 된 것으로 보인다.

In this research, we proposed a quality evaluation standard model which is suitable for the internet shopping mall based on the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award model. A 7-Point Likert Scale was used based on the seven categories within the 2008 Ma

In this research, we proposed a quality evaluation standard model which is suitable for the internet shopping mall based on the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award model. A 7-Point Likert Scale was used based on the seven categories within the 2008 Malcolm Baldrige Criteria: Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer and Market Focus, Measurement Analysis and Knowledge Management, Workforce Focus, Process Management, and Result. Furthermore, we analysed the validity and causal relationship among the factors within the model. The goal of this research is to find a rational standard to evaluate internet shopping malls nationwide and help the structuring and the operation of these malls. The results may be used not only as a tool to evaluate internet shopping mall sites but also as a guideline to improve the quality of a internet shopping mall site that is under development.

해상교통관제사 훈련에 관한 IALA 권고안 및 국제 기준에 근거하여, 현재 국내에서는 세 개의 훈련과정이 개설되어 운영 중에 있으며 이러한 훈련과정의 교육 효과 증진을 위해 시뮬레이터가 도입되어 사용 중에 있다. 그러나 현재 사용되고 있는 시뮬레이터에는 관제 대상 선박의 움직임에 대한 수학모델이 부정확하고 특정한 장소에만 설치가 되어 있어서 훈련에 제약이 많은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 정확한 선박운동 수학모델을 이용함으로써 교육 효과를 높이고, 또한 인터넷 기반으로도 훈련이 가능하도록 함으로써 장소에 제약을 받지 않는 새로운 시뮬레이터를 설계 개발하였으며, 시범 운영을 통해 시스템의 기능을 검증하고 그 활용도를 평가하였다.

지명 표기의 방식을 이용하여 온라인 지도서비스를 분류하면 크게 네 가지로 구별될 수 있다. 첫째, 가장 일반적이고 광범위한 인터넷 사이트에서 제공하는 유형으로, 단순 그림화일 형태의 지도서비스로 지명의 숫자도 매우 제한적이다. 대표적인 사례로는 미국중앙정 보국에서 제공하는 지도와 같은 유형으로 World Atlas 등도 여기에 포함되며. 이러한 지도는 많은 웹사이트에서 그대로 인용하고 있는 형편이다. 둘째, Google Earth나 MS Virtual Map과 같은 수치지도서비스는 화면상에서 확대․축소와 같은 줌인과 줌아웃 기능을 포함하며 이동이 가능한 지도들로서, 축척에 따라 표기되는 지명의 개수도 달라지는 것이 특징이다. 셋째, 일러스트레이터 파일이나 PDF 형태로 지도를 서비스하는 유형으로, 지형지물과 지명을 레이어별로 구분하여, 레이어의 선택 및 해제 시 표현되는 지형지물과 지명이 달라지는 것이 특징이다. 마지막으로, GIS 프로그램에서 사용되는 shp 확장자를 갖는 파일 형태로 제공하는 지도서비스유형으로, 본 연구에서 조사한 인터넷사이트에서는 지명은 포함되어 있지 않고, 국가 경계만 표현된 GIS 파일을 서비스하는 사이트가조사되었다

대형 구조물에 대한 최적설계를 고려할 때 구조해석에 많은 시간과 노력이 소비된다. 한대의 개인용 컴퓨터에 의한 대형 구조물의 구조해석은 대용량의 기억장치와 많은 계산시간이 요구되므로 반복적 해석이 필요한 대형 구조물의 설계에 효율적으로 이용되기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제의 대안으로 인터넷이 연결된 다수의 개인용 컴퓨터들로 고성능 병렬연산시스템을 구성하여 구조해석을 분산 처리하여 계산시간을 절감하였다. 아울러 반응표면의 근사를 위해 요구되는 구조해석을 상용 구조해석 어플리케이션으로 해결할 수 있다면 상용성이 확보되어 일반 구조물에 대하여도 반응표면법을 이용한 최적설계를 수행할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는 효과적인 인터넷 기반 구조해석 플랫폼을 개발하기 위하여 컴포넌트 모델을 제시하였다. 구조해석의 특성상 복잡한 알고리즘을 수행해야 하므로 다수 사용자에 대한 원활한 서비스를 위해 서버 연산 보다는 X-Internet을 이용한 클라이언트 연산을 실시하였다. 기존 상용 해석프로그램들의 사용자 편의적인 인터페이스에 부합되도록 Smart Client를 이용하여 윈도우 기반 인터페이스를 구축하였으며, 개발된 플랫폼의 재사용 및 확장성을 고려하여 컴포넌트 기반 프로그래밍을 함으로써 수정 및 변화에 능동적인 대처가 가능하게 하였다. 컴포넌트는 분할-단순화의 기법을 적용하여 전체 시스템을 표현하였고, 상위 컴포넌트와 하위 컴포넌트, 컴포넌트와 객체간의 관계에는 공통 인터페이스를 사용함으로써 라이브러리간의 연결을 명확히 구분하였다. 설계검토를 XML WebService를 사용하여 이기종 플렛폼과의 데이터 통신을 실시함으로써 차후의 통합 CAE에서의 데이터 교환의 기틀을 제시하였다. 2차원 트러스 구조물의 정적해석 및 설계검토를 수행하여 개발한 플랫폼의 효율성을 검증하였다.