Background : Oplopanax elatus has many compounds such as essential oils, saponin, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and polyacetylenes etc. in all part of stems, roots, and leaves. In previous study, we isolated five compounds (uracil, adenosine, protocatechuic acid, syringin, and scoparone) from the water extract of in stems of O. elatus. In this study, we confirmed the variation of chemical constituents and antioxidant activity in leaves of O. elatus by different cultivation environment. Methods and Results : We analyzed three types of O. elatus in different cultivation environment (in vitro plant, in vivo plant and wild plant). We detected five compounds (uracil, adenosine, protocatechuic acid, syringin, and scoparone) in three types of plants by using HPLC. The contents of five compounds varied depending on the different cultivation environment. Syringin and adenosine were detected on all plants and showed different contents, respectively. We compared antioxidant activities such as total phenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH and reducing power assay. The values of antioxidant activities (DPPH and reducing power) in leaves of in vitro plants were higher than other plants. Also TPC and TFC in leaves of in vitro plants showed the highest contents. Conclusion : These results could be basic data for cultivation methods about enhancement of syringin and adenosine compounds contents in leaves of O. elatus.

Background : Perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens) are known to possess antioxidant activity and have long been used to treat a variety of health related issues. The present study was conduct ed to compare the antioxidant activity among perilla accessions collected from Russia. Method and Results : The leaves of a total of 46 accessions of perilla were collected from Russia. Crude extracts were obtained from 2 g of oven-dried perilla leaves using ASE-350 extractor. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities were estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (A BTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP). TPC was ranged from 88.70 to 148.85 ㎍ gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /㎎ dried extract (DE). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and RP were ranged from 59.49 to 94.80 ㎍ ascorbic acid equivalent (ASCE) /㎎ DE, 73.01 to 190.59 ㎍ ASCE /㎎ DE, 98.73 to 326.39 ㎍ ASCE /㎎ DE, 82.58 to 264.88 ㎍ ASCE /㎎ DE, respectively. Cluster analysis based on antioxidant assay results of 46 perilla accessions divided into three major groups. Group Ⅰ (9 accessions) characterized as higher antioxidant activity accessions than other group (p < 0.001). The correlations between antioxidant assays were strong and positive (r ≧ 0.78). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components together explained 92.96 % total variation. Conclusion : Among the perilla accessions collected from Russia, group accessions clustered in group Ⅱ showed high antioxidant activity. Our results indicated that accessions IT274300, IT226732 and IT274293 could be used as a source of valuable natural antioxidant materials.

Background : To select plant resources of the possibility of development as a natural antioxidant, the antioxidant activities including total polyphenol content (TPC), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP) of perilla accessions collected from South Korea were conducted. Method and Results : A total of 18 perilla accessions by regions were selected. Two grams of dried perilla leaves were extracted with 85% ethanol and used for analysis of antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity value was measured in a spectrophotometer. Perilla extracts showed variation in TPC ranging from 30.87 to 92.66 ㎍ GAE ㎎-1 dw. ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and RP ranged from 6.83 to 38.64 ㎍ Trolox ㎎-1 dw, 0.63 to 8.62 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, 5.05 to 17.57 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, and 4.52 to 35.69 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, respectively. TPC was high in perilla leaves of Gyeongsang-do, but other antioxidant activities were high in perilla leaves of Chungcheong-do. Cluster analysis based on antioxidant acitivities of 18 perilla accessions consist of group Ⅰ (3 accessions), Ⅱ (2 accessions), Ⅲ (5 accessions) and Ⅳ (8 accessions). Group Ⅱ characterized as higher antioxidant activities than other groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on antioxidant data revealed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) together explained 97.78 % total variation. Conclusion : IT242410 and IT235354 of group Ⅱ showed high antioxidant activity. These resources will be useful for developing natural antioxidants.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an excellent source of vitamin A and C as well as flavonoid compounds, which are important antioxidant components that may reduce the risk of diseases. In this study, we investigated ABTS, DPPH activity and flavonoid contents in eggplant leaves and fruits to identify genetic resources with high antioxidant capacity for use in food or as feed additives. A total of 102 eggplant accessions were classified into four groups by latitude of their origins: 0°~15° N (8 accessions), 15°~30° N (19 accessions), 30°~45° N (34 accessions), and 45°~60° N (41 accessions). The accessions originated from 45°~60°N showed the highest flavonoid contents (AVG. = 15.4 μg mg-1) followed by accessions originated from 30°~45° N (AVG. = 13.0 μg mg-1), 15°~30°N (AVG. = 11.0 μg mg-1) and 0°~15°N (AVG. = 9.5 μg mg-1). Same pattern was also found in ABTS and DPPH antioxidant activities. High ABTS, DPPH activity and flavonoid contents were found in the early-flowering accessions. All flavonoids of the greenish violet leaves were significantly higher than those in green leaves. The flavonoid concentration in eggplant leaves with an average of 15.6 μg mg-1 increased from 10- to 20-fold as compared with their fruit (AVG.=0.9 μg mg-1). In conclusion, eggplant leaves represent a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their very high flavonoid contents.

The variation of alternative and cytochrome respiration during ripening in rice leaves (Oryza sativa L. cv. Takanari) was examined. The capacity of both respiration pathway was measured by inhibitor titration method using gas-phase oxygen electrodes. The alternative respiration rate decreased from 31.3% of the total respiration rate at around heading to 11.7% at 34 days after heading in the first fully expanded leaf from the top, and further to 6.4 % at 34 days after heading in the fourth leaf from the top. In contrast, the proportion of cytochrome respiration to total respiration increased with leaf senescence. The possible cause of alternative respiration as either an increase in inefficient respiration or a decrease in growth efficiency during ripening was discussed.

소맥생육기간중의 GS활성도의 경시적 변이진상을 알고저 소맥품종 Kolibri의 시비수준별, 엽위별 활성도를 분석한 결과, 1. 각엽에 있어서 생체종 1g당 GS활성도는 엽분화 초기에 극히 낮으나 엽의 전개, 신장에 따라 수배까지 증가하며 엽의 노화 진전과 더불어 하락하였다. 2. 생체종 1g당 GS활성도는 엽의 분화초기를 제외하면 아래로부터 상위엽 차순으로 높았으며, 최고의 활성도는 지엽에서 나타났다. 3. 최상위 2개엽은 최하위엽(제 1-4엽)보다 활성도와 활성 peak가 전 처리구에서 모두 2-3배 높았다. 4. 생체종 1g당 GS활성도는 제 1-4엽에서 1회의 활성 peak를 보인 반면 제6-지엽에서는 2회의 peak를 나타냈다. 5. GS활성도는 출tnrlRK지 증가하여 첫 번째 활성 peak에 이르고 그 이후 개화후 7일의 유숙기까지 급락하였다가 다시 증가하여 개화후 22일인 호숙기에 두 번찌 peak에 이르는 V자형 함몰현상을 나타냈다.