In a steam turbine system for nuclear power plant, the exhaust loss consists of leaving loss, hood loss, turn-up loss and restriction loss. The exhaust loss during rated power operation of steam turbine equipment is inevitable, but it can be optimized by several factors such as last stage blade length, condenser vacuum and steam velocity. In this paper the relationship between the exhaust loss and electrical output of domestic nuclear power plants was quantitatively evaluated, and ways to reduce this loss were considered.

Porous carbons are considered promising for CO2 capture due to their high-pressure capture performance, high chemical/ thermal stability, and low humidity sensitivity. But, their low-pressure capture performance, selectivity toward CO2 over N2, and adsorption kinetics need further improvement for practical applications. Herein, we report a novel dual-templating strategy based on molten salts (LiBr/KBr) and hydrogen-bonded triazine molecules (melamine–cyanuric acid complex, MCA) to prepare high-performance porous carbon adsorbents for low-pressure CO2. The comprehensive investigations of pore structure, microstructure, and chemical structure, as well as their correlation with CO2 capture performance, reveal that the dual template plays the role of porogen for multi-hierarchical porous structure based on supermicro-/micro-/meso-/ macro-pores and reactant for high N/O insertion into the carbon framework. Furthermore, they exert a synergistic but independent effect on the carbonization procedure of glucose, avoiding the counter-balance between porous structure and hetero-atom insertion. This enables the preferred formation of pyrrolic N/carboxylic acid functional groups and supermicropores of ~ 0.8 nm, while retaining the micro-/meso-/macro-pores (> 1 nm) more than 60% of the total pore volume. As a result, the dual-templated porous carbon adsorbent (MG-Br-600) simultaneously achieves a high CO2 capture capacity of 3.95 mmol g− 1 at 850 Torr and 0 °C, a CO2/ N2 (15:85) selectivity factor of 31 at 0 °C, and a high intra-particle diffusivity of 0.23 mmol g− 1 min− 0.5 without performance degradation over repeated use. With the molecular scale structure tunability and the large-scale production capability, the dual-templating strategy will offer versatile tools for designing high-performance carbon-based adsorbents for CO2 capture.

Background: Technological developments have led to the creation of a mechanical device capable of providing a representative massage as a passive treatment. The use of mechanical massage offers the distinct advantage of being user-friendly and available for use at any given time. Objectives: To investigated present the outcomes of utilizing a massage bed on the range of motion (ROM) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in patients diagnosed with chronic low back pain. Design: ABA design of a single case study. Methods: To measure the ROM of the subject's trunk flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation, a tape measure and goniometer were utilized. Furthermore, PPT was measured using an electronic pressure pain meter. Baseline A and Baseline A’ periods were conducted for 5 consecutive days without intervention. Following the baseline periods, a massage bed intervention was administered for 1 hour daily for a total of 10 days during the Intervention B period. Daily assessments were performed, and the Intervention B period was conducted after the intervention. Results: The ROM effect was confirmed in trunk lateral flexion and rotation, while the PPT was effective in both L1, right L2, left L4, and left L5. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that the use of a massage bed improved the ROM and PPT in patients suffering from chronic back pain. Further randomized controlled trials involving a larger sample size are necessary to validate these findings.

Large-area graphene of the order of centimeters was deposited on copper substrates by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using hexane as the carbon source. The effect of temperature and the carrier gas flowrates on the quality and uniformity of the as-deposited graphene was investigated using the Raman analysis. The film deposited at 870 °C with a total carrier gas flowrate of 50 sccm is predominantly single-layer with very low defects according to the Raman spectra. The 2D/G peak intensity ratios obtained from the Raman spectra of samples from three different locations of graphene deposited on a whole copper catalyst was used to calculate the large-area uniformity. Based on the results, a very high uniformity of 89.6% was calculated for the graphene deposited at 870 °C. The uniformity was observed to decrease with increasing temperature. Similar to the thickness uniformity, the electrical conductivity values obtained as a result of I–V measurements and water contact angle measurements were found to be close to each other for the graphene deposited under the same deposition conditions.

본 연구는 정수압 처리와 초음파 처리가 20일 숙성기간 동안 돈육의 삼겹살과 목살 부위의 품질특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 다양한 품질특성을 관찰한 결과 정수압에서 숙성하고 초음파 처리한 돈육은 부위별로 효과의 차이는 있지만, 품질향상에 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며 또한, 초음파 처리했을 때 특히 고기의 연도와 관계가 있는 pH, 보수력, 경도 품질을 높이는 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서 이용한 저온 정수압 숙성 및 초음파 처리공정은 낮은 온도에서 돈육을 빠른 시간안에 숙성하는데 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

L.P SCR의 촉매 반응을 위해 선박의 발전기용 4행정 디젤엔진의 배기가스 온도를 높게 설계 할 수밖에 없었다. 본 연구의 목적은 밸브개폐시기와 연료분사시기를 조정을 통한 배기가스의 온도 감소가 L.P SCR의 운전조건을 만족시키고 고온으로 인한 발전기 엔진의 사고를 예방하기 위함이었다. 배기가스 온도를 하강시키기 위해 캠샤프트의 각도를 조정하고 연료분사펌프의 Shim을 추가하였다. 그 결과 최대폭발압력은 12.8 bar 증가하였고 터보차저 출구온도 평균값은 13.3 ℃ 하강하였다. 터보차저 출구에서 SCR 입구까지의 열손실을 감안하더라도 L.P SCR 운전조건인 SCR 챔버 입구 온도인 290 ℃를 만족하였다. 배기가스 온도 하강을 통해 디젤발전기의 안전운전이 가능하게 한 연구였다.

Background: Patients with low back pain (LBP) experience misalignments in the center of pressure (COP) and muscle imbalances due to frequent onesided posture adjustments to avoid pain. Objectives: To identify the effects of Squat Exercises with Vertical Whole-Body Vibration on the Center of Pressure and Trunk Muscle Activity. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty LBP patients with an imbalance in the COP were sampled and randomly assigned to an experimental group of 15 patients who under went an intervention involving squat exercises with vertical WBV and a control group of 15 patients who were treated via a walking intervention. As pretests before the interventions, the subjects’ COP was identified by measuring their stability index (ST), and erector spinae, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, gluteus medius muscle activity was analyzed by determining the % reference voluntary contraction (%RVC) value using surface electromyography while sit to stand. After four weeks, a post test was conducted to remeasure the same variables using the same methods. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the ST (P<.01) and trunk muscle (P<.05, P<.001) in the experimental group before and after the intervention. In terms of the differences between the left- and right-side (RL) muscle activity, only the transverse abdominis (TrA) and gluteus medius (GM) exhibited statistically significant increase (P<.05). A comparison of the groups showed statistically significant differences in the TrA with respect to muscle activity (P<.05) and in the RLTrA and RLGM in terms ofthe difference between left- and right-side muscle activity (P<.01). Conclusion: Squat exercises with vertical WBV produced effective changes in the COP of patients with LBP by reducing muscle imbalances through the delivery of a uniform force. In particular, strengthening the TrA and reducing an imbalance in the GM were determined to be important factors in improving the COP.

In this paper, graphene-coated Al powders prepared by in situ reduction method were directly used for cold spraying, obtaining a graphene-reinforced Al matrix composite coating with more compact structure and better performance. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that compared with the pure Al powders, the graphene-coated Al powders were more severely deformed, and the resulting coating was denser and its porosity was reduced by over 80%. The hardness of the graphene-coated Al coating was increased by 40%, and its brine immersion time was prolonged by nearly three times. However, the graphene increases the pitting sensitivity of the Al coating; so, the enhanced corrosion resistance of the graphene-coated Al coating is mainly attributed to the improvement of its structure densification.

In this study, three kinds of metal chills such as SS400, AC4CH and brass, with different thicknesses of 40 ~ 80 mm, were applied for low pressure casting of Al-Si alloy to control cooling rate. The microstructural characteristics with increasing cooling rate were represented using factors including D1, D2, size of primary α phases and shape factor and size of eutectic Si. The tensile properties were investigated and additionally analyzed based on the microstructural characteristics. As the cooling rate increased, D1, D2, and sizes of primary α phases and eutectic Si apparently decreased and the shape factor of eutectic Si increased to over 0.8. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increased with decreasing D1, D2, and size of primary α phases, while elongation increased with decreasing size of eutectic Si and concurrently increasing shape factor of eutectic Si. This indicated that the primary α phases and eutectic Si in Al-Si alloy were refined with increasing cooling rate, resulting in improvement of UTS and YS without sacrificing elongation. After the tensile test, preferential deformation of primary α phases was observed in the Al-Si alloy produced at higher cooling rates of more than 0.1 K/s.

최근 필로티는 공간의 활용도나 미관상의 이유로 많이 사용되고 있다. 필로티는 외벽보다는 안쪽에 위치하나 외기에 접하는 형태로 강한 바람이 불 때, 바람길이 형성되고 강한 압력을 받아 필로티의 천장 및 벽면 부분의 외장재가 탈락하는 피해가 발생한다. 현재 건축구조기준(KBC-2016)에서는 필로티 건축물에 대한 천장 및 벽면의 풍압계수가 제시되어있지 않아 필로티 부분의 주골조 및 외장재에 대한 구조설계에 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 저층구조물의 관통형 필로티에 대한 풍압실험을 진행하여 풍압계수를 산출하였다. 실험 모형의 변수는 필로티의 높이와 폭으로 두었으며 변수에 따라 풍압계수를 산정하고 풍압분포의 변화를 비교·분석하 였다. 따라서, 필로티의 여러 변수 중 가장 불리한 풍압계수를 제시하여 이를 주골조와 외장재 설계 시 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다.

본 연구에서는 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 중공사막을 지지체로 한 저압용 나노복합막을 제조하였다. Poly styrene sulfonic acid (PSSA)와 polyethyleneimine (PEI)을 layer-by-layer 및 염석 효과 방식으로 지지체막에 코팅하였다. 막의 투과도와 염 배제율 성능을 알아보고자 NaCl, MgCl2, CaSO4 100 mg/L수용액을 1 L/min의 유량으로, 2 bar의 압력을 상온에서 가해주었다. 20,000 ppm의 PSSA (이온세기 1.0)용액에 3분, 30,000 ppm (이온세기 0.1)용액에 1분 코팅한 막이 가장 우수하였다. 투과도와 염 배제율은 NaCl 공급액에서는 38.5 LMH, 57.1%, MgCl2는 37.9 LMH, 90.2%, CaSO4는 32.4 LMH, 54.6%로 각각 측정되었다.

Mercury is known as harmful element and significant negative effect on human and living creatures. The current study investigates the effective removal of toxic mercury from aqueous solution by reverse osmosis with low pressure. The various operating conditions as concentration, time and pressure used for the rejection study. The rejection study carried out in both terms as adsorption and pore size for long term (48 h) and achieved 99% mercury rejection. Further, the fouling propensity of membranes was studied and the fouling layer formed on the surface of the membranes was analyzed by the AFM imaging and the flux recovery ratio of the membranes was also calculated. The compatibility, thermal stability, hydrophilicity, surface energy, and morphology of the membranes were systematically investigated.

This study aimed to identify the effects of modified low-dye taping and foot intrinsic muscle strengthening exercise on foot pressure in people with flat feet. The subjects were 12 participants with flat feet in their 20s. They were randomly divided into two groups: taping and strengthening exercise. They performed the interventions twice a week for six weeks. The taping group was applied the modified low-dye taping. The exercise group was performed foot intrinsic muscle strengthening exercise for 30 minutes. The data were measured by Foot Pressure Measurement. There was no significant difference in plantar pressure between taping group and exercise group. There was also no significant difference in all variables before and after intervention in all groups. The present study suggests that taping and exercise can change the foot pressure in patients with flat-footed.

In order to investigate the low-cycle fatigue behavior of Inconel 718 alloy used for pressure vessels, the strain-controlled fatigue test was performed in the room and high temperatures of 550°C. High temperature test was done using an electric furnace attached on the hydraulic fatigue test system. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the Inconel 718 alloy at the temperature of 550°C decreased by 8% and 10%, respectively, compared to those at the room temperature. Subjected to the repeated cyclic loading under the strain-control, the material exhibited cyclic softening behavior with decreasing yield strength at both room and high temperatures. The low-cycle fatigue properties determined in this research could be effectively used for the fatigue life estimation of high temperature components made of Inconel 718 alloy.