The precast concrete (PC) method allows for simple assembly and disassembly of structures; however, ensuring airtight connections is crucial to prevent energy loss and maintain optimal building performance. This study focuses on the analytical investigation of the shear capacity of precast ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) ribs combined with standard concrete PC cladding walls. Five specimens were tested under static loading conditions to evaluate their structural performance and the thermal behavior of the UHPC rib shear keys. Test results indicated that the specimens exhibited remarkable structural performance, with shear capacity approximately three times greater than that of standard concrete. Numerical models were subsequently developed to predict the shear capacity of the shear keys under various loading conditions. A comparison between the experimental results and finite element (FE) models showed a maximum strength difference of less than 10% and a rib displacement error of up to 1.76 mm. These findings demonstrated the efficiency of the FE model for the simulation of the behavior of structures.

본 연구목적은 고등학생의 게임중독에 미치는 부모와의 관계, 스트레 스, 주관적 행복도의 영향력을 검증하는 것이다. 연구의 대상자는 한국방 정환재단이 주관하고 연세대 사회발전연구소에서 시행한 「한국 어린이· 청소년 행복지수」의 2021년 제12차 조사의 고등학교 청소년 2,272명을 연구의 대상자로 정하였다. 고등학생의 게임중독에 미치는 독립변인들의 직접효과 및 간접효과를 확인하기 위해 SPSS 26.0 및 PROCESS Macro를 사용하였다. 첫째, 고등학생의 부모와의 관계는 스트레스에 부 적 영향, 주관적 행복도에 정적 영향, 게임중독에 부적 영향을 주는 것으 로 확인되었다. 둘째, 스트레스는 주관적 행복도에 부적 영향, 게임중독 에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주관적 행복도는 게임중 독에 부적 영향을 주는 것이 규명되었다. 넷째, 부모와의 관계와 게임중 독 간의 관계 내에서 스트레스와 주관적 행복도는 부적인 매개효과를 보 였다. 따라서, 본 연구결과는 향후, 청소년들의 게임중독 및 과몰입을 예 방할 수 있는 교육지원 정책 마련 및 프로그램 운영에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Considering the Fukushima nuclear accident and the marine discharge plan of contaminated (or treated) water, it is necessary a seafood monitoring system for radioactive material screening. Currently, radioactivity tests in seafood are conducting in Korea. Although current method using a HPGe detector can provide very low uncertainty in determining radioactivity, there is a limitation in that rapid inspection cannot be performed because of a time-consuming pretreatment process as well as long measurement time (typically 10,000 s). To overcome this limitation, we are developing an insitu inspection device, a kind of screening system, which can monitor the radioactivity in seafood in a near real-time basis. In this study, the actual seafood with a check source was measured to verify the reliability of the Monte Carlo simulation model. The detector used in the experiment was a 5-cm-thick polyvinyl toluene (PVT) plastic scintillator with a 0.5-cm-thick lead shield for background reduction. A Cs-137 check source was placed within seafood. The seafood used in the experiment was fishcake, raw oyster, and dried laver, which is the representative seafood of fish, shellfish, and seaweed. These three seafood products of the same size and shape as the manufacturing process were used to predict the performance realistically. We compared the energy spectrum of the Cs-137 check source obtained from measurements and simulations. The region of interest (ROI) around the Compton edge was set to reduce the influence of the background and electronic noise. The results showed that the measured and simulated spectrum were in good agreement.

본 연구는 데이터를 기반으로 한 인공지능 기계학습 기법을 활용하여 온실 내부온도 예측 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발을 수행 하였다. 온실 시스템의 내부온도 예측을 위해서 다양한 방법 이 연구됐지만, 가외 변인으로 인하여 기존 시뮬레이션 분석 방법은 낮은 정밀도의 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 한계점 을 극복하기 위하여 최근 개발되고 있는 데이터 기반의 기계 학습을 활용하여 온실 내부온도 예측 모델 개발을 수행하였 다. 기계학습모델은 데이터 수집, 특성 분석, 학습을 통하여 개 발되며 매개변수와 학습방법에 따라 모델의 정확도가 크게 변 화된다. 따라서 데이터 특성에 따른 최적의 모델 도출방법이 필요하다. 모델 개발 결과 숨은층 증가에 따라 모델 정확도가 상승하였으며 최종적으로 GRU 알고리즘과 숨은층 6에서 r2 0.9848과 RMSE 0.5857℃로 최적 모델이 도출되었다. 본 연 구를 통하여 온실 외부 데이터를 활용하여 온실 내부온도 예 측 모델 개발이 가능함을 검증하였으며, 추후 다양한 온실데이 터에 적용 및 비교분석이 수행되어야 한다. 이후 한 단계 더 나아 가 기계학습모델 예측(predicted) 결과를 예보(forecasting)단 계로 개선하기 위해서 데이터 시간 길이(sequence length)에 따른 특성 분석 및 계절별 기후변화와 작물에 따른 사례별로 개발 모델을 관리하는 등의 다양한 추가 연구가 수행되어야 한다.

In Korea, it is expected that the decommissioning of nuclear reactors will increase due to the license termination of reactors constructed in the 1960s to the 80s. According to the investigation of KORAD, VLLW accounts for 67.10% of decommissioning wastes and amounts to about 413,336 drums. Due to their huge amount, it is necessary to create an appropriate decommissioning waste management plan even though VLLW is disposed at the second-phase disposal facility of the Gyeongju repository. For efficient reduction in decommissioning wastes, it is required to actively use a clearance of metallic and concrete radioactive wastes. Regulations of nuclear safety and security commission notice that the radioactive waste can be reused or recycled if it meets the clearance criterion, 10 μSv·y−1 for individual dose. Therefore, it is important to develop a computational code which calculate individual doses for each scenario, and determine whether the clearance criterion is satisfied. However, in the case of metallic waste, RESRAD-RECYCLE used in dose assessment for the clearance has no longer been maintained or updated since 2005 and there is no code for recycling of concrete waste. For this reason, a dose assessment code RUCAS (Recycle-Underlying Computational dose Assessment System) has been developed by Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST). A point kernel method is adopted into external dose assessment model to calculate more realistic options, which are various geometries of source, and shielding effect. In the case of internal radiation, equations of internal dose from IAEA are used. This research conducts a verification of dose assessment model for recycling of metallic radioactive waste. RESRAD-RECYCLE is the comparison object and results from RESRAD-RECYCLE validation report are referenced. Targets are 14 recycling scenarios composed up to the smelting metal step of four steps, which are arising scrap metal, smelting scrap metal, and fabrication of metal product, and reusing/recycling of product. Seven isotopes, which are Ac-227, Am-241, Co-60, Cs-137, Pu-239, Sr- 90, and Zn-65, are selected for calculation. Validation results for external dose vary by isotopes, but show acceptable differences. It seems to be caused by difference in the calculation method. In the case of internal dose using same calculation formula, results are exactly matched to RESRAD-RECYCLE for all isotopes. Consequently, RUCAS can conduct functions supported by RESRAD-RECYCLE well and future work will be conducted related to domestic recycling scenarios considering public acceptance, and verification with radiation shielding codes for various geometries of source.

본 연구는 축구화 브랜드의 3i 모델의 효과성을 검증하여 브랜드의 3i 모델 중요성과 시사점을 도출하여 축구화 브랜드 전략의 기본 자료를 제공하고자 했다. 따라서 지난 3년 동안 축구화를 구매한 경험이 있는 대상자를 표본으로 선정했으며, 421부의 자료를 최종분석에 적용했다. 자료처리는 빈도분석, 내적일관성, 확인적 요인분석, 상관분석, 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시했으며, 모든 분석은 SPSS 및 AMOS(ver. 21.0) 프로그램을 활용했다. 연구결과 첫째, 축구화 브랜드의 3i 모델이 브랜드 신뢰에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 브랜드 신뢰는 소비자 구매행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 축구화 브랜드의 3i 모델은 소비자 구매행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 축구화 브랜드3i 모델과 소비자 구매행동 간의 브랜드 신뢰는 부분적인 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAdV-4) infection, also known as hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS), is one of the most prevalent diseases in the Korean poultry industry. Therefore, an effective vaccination against FAdV-4 should be developed for prevention of HHS infection. However, a standard animal model with significant pathologic characteristics has not been established for evaluation of HHS vaccine efficacy. In this study, we comparatively evaluated FAdV-4 pathogenicity from specific- pathogen-free (SPF) chickens using FAdV-4 strain (ADL091024) isolated in laying chickens in Korea according to chicken age, passage number and virus titers. In brief, FAdV-4 passaged four times in yolk sac of SPF eggs with the highest viral titers could induce the most severe clinical signs in 1-day-old chickens, similar to natural HHS outbreaks. Furthermore, the efficacy of a newly developed attenuated live FAdV-4 vaccine candidate was successfully determined using the established 1-day-old SPF chickens. There was no significant pathogenicity based on the criteria such as mortality, body weight, gross lesions, histological lesions and virus detection rates in the vaccination and non-challenge control groups. However, the challenge group without vaccination showed significant pathogenicity including hepatic necrosis, histological lesion scores in the liver and heart, virus replication and decreased body weight gain. In conclusion, the chicken challenge model established in this report was proposed for consistent and reliable evaluation of FAdV- 4 vaccine efficacy.

In this paper, nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted based on the experimental results on buckling restrained brace. The reliability of the analytical model was verified by comparing the results of experimental studies with hysteresis loop, bi-linear curve, cumulative energy dissipation capacity, and equivalent viscous damping. A valid finite element model has been secured and will be used as basic data for finite element analysis of buckling restrained braces in the future.

Welding is the most widely used technology for manufacturing in the automobile, and shipbuilding industries. Fiber laser welding is rapidly introduced into the field to minimize welding distortion and fast welding speed. Although it is advantageous to use finite element analysis to predict welding distortion and find optimized welding conditions, there are various heat source model for fiber laser welding. In this study, a welding heat source was proposed using a multi-layered heat source model that encompasses most of the existing various welding heat source models: conical shape, curved model, exponential model, conical-cylindrical model, and conical-conical model. A case study was performed through finite element analysis using the radius of each layer and the ratio of heat energy of the layer as variables, and the variables were found by comparing them with the actual experimental results. For case study, by applying Adaptive simulated annealing, one of the global optimization algorithms, we were able to find the heat source model more efficiently.

본 연구는 치매환자를 돌보는 간호사의 공감도 구성요인이 무엇인지 분석하여, 이를 통해 치매 환자 간호실무에 도움이 되고자 한다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 요양병원에서 치매환자 간호에 종사하는 219명의 간호사를 대상으로 하였다. 공감도(ECRS)를 이용하여 요인구조 탐색과 확인요인분석(CFA)을 통 한 기초모형 추출 및 모형 수정, 모형 적합성 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과 간호사의 치매환자에 대한 공감도는 타인 정서의 수용, 자신의 부정정서 억제, 정서의 교류 및 상호작용 등 3개요인 49개 문항으로 구성요인의 타당성과 신뢰성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에 따라 타당성과 신뢰성을 확보한 공감도 측정 도 구는 향후 치매환자 간호실무현장에서 간호사의 공감도를 확인하는 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된 다.

범용유한요소프로그램인 Abaqus의 확장유한요소법(XFEM)의 사용성 검증을 위하여 2차원 모델에 적용하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 기존의 연구에 많이 사용되었던 응집요소(cohesive element) 모델은 균열 경로를 예측하고 요소를 삽입하여야 하는 단점 때문에 실제 균열을 모사하는데 한계가 있다. 이러한 이유로 응력의 방향성 및 특이성을 바탕으로 균열의 경로를 예측하는 확장유한요소법(XFEM)이 균열 해석에 있어서 더 발전된 방법으로 이용되어 왔다. 이번 연구에서는 균열의 경로가 자명한 2차원 모델에 사용하여 응집요소해석과 XFEM에 응집요소의 물성을 적용한 해석을 비교하고 XFEM 적용의 타당성을 확인하였다. 수치해석으로 균열 발생 직전의 응력분포 및 응력 특이성을 확인하고 실제 균열 발생경로와의 비교를 한다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 몇 가지의 한계를 극복하면 실제 복잡한 모델의 실제 균열진전해석을 수행하여 균열을 모사할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Structure behaviors resulting from an earthquake are experimentally simulated mainly through a shaking table test. As for large-scale structures, however, size effects over a miniature may make it difficult to assess actual behaviors properly. To address this problem, research on the hybrid simulation is being conducted actively. This method is to implement numerical analysis on framework members that affect the general behavior of the structure dominantly through an actual scale experiment and on the rest parts by applying the substructuring technique. However, existing studies on hybrid simulation focus mainly on Slow experimental methods, which are disadvantageous in that it is unable to assess behaviors close to the actual level if material properties change depending on the speed or the influence of inertial force is significant. The present study aims to establish a Real-time hybrid simulation system capable of excitation based on the actual time history and to verify its performance and applicability. The hybrid simulation system built up in this study utilizes the ATS Compensator system, CR integrator, etc. in order to make the target displacement the same with the measured displacement on the basis of MATLAB/Simulink. The target structure was a 2-span bridge and an RC pier to support it was produced as an experimental model in order for the shaking table test and Slow and Real-time hybrid simulations. Behaviors that result from the earthquake of El Centro were examined, and the results were analyzed comparatively. In comparison with the results of the shaking table test, the Real-time hybrid simulation produced more similar maximum displacement and vibration behaviors than the Slow hybrid simulation. Hence, it is thought that the Real-time hybrid simulation proposed in this study can be utilized usefully in seismic capacity assessment of structural systems such as RC pier that are highly non-linear and time-dependent.

이 연구의 목적은 강남 선정릉지역에서 전산유체역학모델(CFD)을 사용하여 도시지역의 흐름 및 열 환경 모의를 검증하는 것이고, CFD 모델의 모의결과와 선정릉 지역의 관측 자료와 비교하는 것이다. CFD 모델은 국립기상과학원과 서울대가 공동으로 연구 개발된 모델이다. CFD_NIMR_SNU 모델은 기상청 현업 모델인 국지예보모델(LDAPS)의 바람성분과 온도성분을 초기 및 경계조건으로 적용되었고 수목효과와 지표 온도를 고려하여 2015년 8월 4일에서 6일까지 강남 선정릉 지역을 대상으로 수치실험을 진행하였다. 선정릉지역에서 수목효과 적용 전후의 풍속을 비교하였을 때 평균 제곱근 오차(RMSE)는 각각 1.06, 0.62 m s−1로 나타났고 수목효과 적용으로 풍속 모의정확도가 향상되었다. 기온은 LDAPS 과소 모의하는 경향을 나타내고 CFD_NIMR_SNU 모델에 의해 향상된 것을 확인하였다. CFD_NIMR_SNU 모델을 이용하여 복잡한 도시지역의 흐름과 열 환경을 자세하고 정밀한 분석이 가능하며, 도시 환경 및 계획에 대한 정보를 제공 할 수 있을 것이다.

PURPOSES: Implementation and verification of the simple linear cohesive viscoelastic contact model that can be used to simulate dynamic behavior of sticky aggregates. METHODS: The differential equations were derived and the initial conditions were determined to simulate a free falling ball with a sticky surface from a ground. To describe this behavior, a combination of linear contact model and a cohesive contact model was used. The general solution for the differential equation was used to verify the implemented linear cohesive viscoelastic API model in the DEM. Sensitivity analysis was also performed using the derived analytical solutions for several combinations of damping coefficients and cohesive coefficients. RESULTS : The numerical solution obtained using the DEM showed good agreement with the analytical solution for two extreme conditions. It was observed that the linear cohesive model can be successfully implemented with a linear spring in the DEM API for dynamic analysis of the aggregates. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the derived closed form solutions are applicable for the analysis of the rebounding behavior of sticky particles, and for verification of the implemented API model in the DEM. The assumption of underdamped condition for the viscous behavior of the particles seems to be reasonable. Several factors have to be additionally identified in order to develop an enhanced contact model for an asphalt mixture.

Source term analysis should be carried out to prepare the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant. In the planning phase of decommissioning, the classification of decommissioning wastes and the cost evaluation are performed based on the results of source term analysis. In this study, the verification of MCNP/ORIGEN-2 model is carried out for preliminary source term calculation for Wolsung Unit 1. The inventories of actinide nuclides and fission products in fuel bundles with different burn-up were obtained by the depletion calculation of MCNPX code modelling the single channel. Two factors affecting the accuracy of source terms were investigated. First, the neutron spectrum effect on neutron induced activation calculation was reflected in one-group microscopic cross-sections of relevant radio-isotopes using the results of MCNP simulation, and the activation source terms calculated by ORIGEN-2 using the neutron spectrum corrected library were compared with the results of the original ORIGEN-2 library (CANDUNAU.LIB) in ORIGEN-2 code package. Second, operation history effect on activation calculation was also investigated. The source terms on both pressure tubes and calandria tubes replaced in 2010 and calandria tank were evaluated using MCNP/ORIGEN-2 with the neutron spectrum corrected library if the decommissioning wastes can be classified as a low level waste.