This study presents the development of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system optimized for high-precision image acquisition and efficient field operability. To enhance mobility and operational flexibility, the UAV was miniaturized and integrated with a mission computer, camera control systems, and LTE-based communication modules within a compact form factor. The design includes a lightweight airframe and a self-developed integrated hybrid board combining the flight controller (FC), electronic speed controller (ESC), and power distribution board (PDB) into a single unit, reducing total weight while maintaining flight stability and endurance. The final UAV achieved a flight time of 30 minutes at a maximum takeoff weight of 5.4 kg with a 1.2 kg payload, while the lightweight prototype recorded a maximum flight time of 38 minutes 25 seconds. Image acquisition performance was evaluated at an operational altitude of 80 m, yielding a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.98 cm; for reference, the theoretical GSD at the maximum operational altitude of 150 m is 3.7 cm. This lightweight UAV platform enables efficient deployment in land surveying, disaster monitoring, and reconnaissance missions, particularly in areas requiring rapid response. The results contribute to the advancement of compact UAV technologies and strengthen the practical applicability of domestic drone systems in both civilian and governmental sectors.

본 연구는 충청남도, 세종특별자치시, 대전광역시에 분포하는 천연기념물 노거수 16본을 대상으로 LiDAR 장비를 활용하여 3D 포인트클라우드 (point cloud) 데이터를 수집하고, 흉고직경(DBH), 수고, 수관폭 및 수관면적 등 노거수의 구조적 특성을 정량적으로 분석하여 체계적인 보전 및 관리방안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 분석 결과, 조사 대상 노거수의 DBH는 41 cm–392 cm, 수고는 3.20 m–27.42 m, 수관폭은 10.39 m–29.23 m, 수관면적은 56.76 m²–558.54 m²로 다양하게 나타났다. 특히, 활엽수는 침엽수에 비해 상대적으로 넓은 수관면적을 보였으며, 동일 수종 내에서도 입지 및 생육환경에 따른 구조적 차이가 확인되었다. 또한, 일부 노거수의 경우 근계 노출, 인접 경작지 및 시설물과의 공간적 근접성, 농약 비산 가능성 등 생육 저해 요인이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 LiDAR 기반 정밀 분석을 통해 노거수의 구조적 특성을 객관적·정량적으로 파악하고, 이를 토대로 현장 중심의 보전·관리 전략 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of a curved capillary configurations on a U-tube structure used in a tabletop fully automated blood viscometer. Precision was assessed using normal and abnormal quality control materials measured repeatedly over 20 days across shear rates of 1–1000 s⁻1. Correlation between straight and curved capillary configurations was evaluated. Sample stability was also assessed at shear rates of 1 s⁻1 and 300 s⁻1 over three consecutive days. The curved capillary system demonstrated robust precision, with total coefficients of variation decreasing with increasing shear rate. Strong correlations were observed between straight and curved capillary measurements across all shear rates. Passing– Bablok regression showed slopes close to unity and intercepts near zero, while Bland–Altman analysis revealed minimal bias without shear-dependent trends. Whole blood viscosity remained stable over three days at both low and high shear rates (all p > 0.98). The curved capillary–based U-tube configuration provides analytically equivalent and stable whole blood viscosity measurements compared with conventional straight capillary systems, supporting its suitability for fully automated blood viscometer.

This study presents the development of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system optimized for high-precision image acquisition and real-time data processing. To enhance mobility and field operability, the UAV was miniaturized and integrated with a mission computer, camera control systems, and LTE-based communication modules within a compact form factor. The design includes a lightweight frame, embedded flight controller, and integrated power board to reduce total weight while maintaining flight stability and endurance. The system was validated through field tests, achieving a maximum flight time of 30 minutes with a fully integrated payload under 5.4 kg. This lightweight UAV platform enables efficient deployment in land surveying, disaster monitoring, and reconnaissance missions, particularly in areas requiring rapid response. The results contribute to the advancement of compact UAV technologies and strengthen the practical applicability of domestic drone systems in both civilian and governmental sectors.

This study aims to evaluate the high-precision positioning capability and lane-level localization accuracy of low-cost RTK-GNSS(Real- Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System) technology. This study compares the positioning accuracy and lane-level localization performance of a low-cost RTK-GNSS module with those of a commercial high-precision receiver under identical conditions. Specifically, the root-mean-square, lateral offsets from HD-map(High-Definition Map) lane centerlines, and lane-change detection rates were evaluated to examine the applicability of the module to advanced mobility systems. Based on experiments conducted using a two-axis linear motion device and actual-vehicle tests on expressways, the low-cost RTK-GNSS module demonstrated precision positioning and lane-level localization comparable to that of a commercial high-precision receiver under the same test conditions. In the precision-positioning evaluation, the maximum positioning error of the low-cost module is approximately 2 cm, which is larger than that of a commercial receiver. Nevertheless, its average error generally remained within the typical range of 1–2 cm, which is the expected range for fixed RTK solutions in opensky environments. Furthermore, the difference in the lane-level localization accuracy between the low-cost and high-precision modules remained at approximately 1 cm. Although the low-cost RTK-GNSS module employs fewer receiver channels compared with commercial high-precision units, the integration of the RTK-OMEGA solution, which supports robust integer ambiguity resolution and is a key element of RTK correction, enables it to perform comparably to a commercial module under identical test conditions. The performance-evaluation indicators and methodologies presented herein are expected to provide a meaningful foundation for future studies aimed at ensuring the reliability and safety of cost-effective RTK-GNSS technologies.

Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as transformative materials due to their unparalleled surface-to-volume ratios, tunable porosity, and excellent mechanical flexibility, making them suitable for energy storage, catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. However, their inherent surface limitations—poor chemical stability, insufficient active sites, and limited functionality—restrict their full potential. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has risen as a game-changing postsynthesis modification strategy, enabling atomic-scale precision in surface engineering. This is also impactful for carbonbased nanofibers, where surface inertness limits their electrochemical performance. This review critically examines advanced CVD techniques, including atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD), and initiated CVD (iCVD), which enable the formation of conformal coatings, hierarchical functionalization, carbon nanotube integration, and interfacial optimization of as-spun nanofibers. We highlight breakthroughs in hydrophobicity, catalytic activity, biocompatibility, and energy storage performance, with applications ranging from oil–water separation to nerve gas detoxification, pH-responsive drug delivery, and high-capacity carbon-composite lithium-ion batteries. By dissecting deposition mechanisms, material innovations, and emerging applications, this work highlights the synergy between as-spun nanofibers and the exploitation of CVD techniques in designing versatile materials. Furthermore, advancements hinge on computational modeling, novel precursors, including carbon-rich sources, and scalable processes to bridge lab-scale innovations with industrial deployment are desired. This comprehensive analysis provides a guiding framework for researchers utilizing CVD techniques as a postmodification tool to develop nanofiber-based solutions addressing global challenges in sustainability, healthcare, and energy.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) has appeared as a key driver of oncogene amplification, tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance, thereby reshaping the paradigm of precision oncology—particularly in metastatic and treatment-refractory cancers. However, the clinical translation of ecDNA-based discoveries into scalable therapeutic applications remains limited. This study introduces an integrated, empirically validated precision oncology platform that combines ecDNA biomarker profiling, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven multiomics modeling, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based functional validation. Built upon the “9 Building Blocks” business model, the platform incorporates high-resolution ecDNA detection (via whole-genome sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and AmpliconArchitect), single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and machine learning-based therapeutic response prediction. The AI-integrated multi-omics framework achieved robust predictive accuracy (area under the curve > .90) across diverse tumor types and was functionally validated through patient-derived xenograft models and CRISPR-Cas9 gene screening. Specifically, CRISPR knockdown experiments that target ecDNA-associated oncogenes (e.g., Myelocytomatosis oncogene, epidermal growth factor receptor) demonstrated high knockdown efficiency (up to 82% using quantitative polymerase chain reaction), significantly reduced cell viability (up to 45%), increased apoptosis (up to 38%), and suppressed tumor growth in vivo (up to 53% reduction in volume, p < .001), confirming their biological and therapeutic relevance. A pilot study that involved 12 patients further demonstrated concordance between liquid biopsy-derived ecDNA profiles and tissue biopsy results, whereas a structured stakeholder survey (n = 47) yielded strong consensus on the platform’s clinical relevance (4.62/5), feasibility (4.45/5), and strategic value (4.58/5). These results underscore the platform’s technical robustness, translational potential, and commercialization readiness for ecDNA-guided precision therapeutics.

This study evaluated the industrial applicability of a non-destructive measurement method based on impression materials for complex internal geometries. Using Hydrophilic Vinyl Polysiloxane impression material and a Mitutoyo optical projector, repeated measurements (total 60 data points) were taken on dovetail groove samples. A Gage R&R analysis showed %EV at 12.75%, %AV at 5.5%, and %GRR at 13.9%, indicating conditionally acceptable reliability according to AIAG criteria. The results confirm the method's practical potential for industrial use, with opportunities for repeatability improvement. Future integration with digital imaging and AI edge-detection technologies is expected to further enhance automated precision measurement capabilities.

In this study, the ultra-smooth surface of Inconel 625 workpieces were achieved by 40000-RPM grade magnetic abrasive polishing (MAP) process. This process created the high rotational speed of workpiece and the movement of magnetic pole to produce the polishing action of magnetic abrasive tools on the surface of Inconel 625 workpieces. The input parameters used in this experiment were selected as the rotational speed of workpiece (40000 rpm), movement of magnetic poles (Feed rate: 2 mm/sec), grain size of abrasive tool (PCD abrasive: 1- ㎛), magnetic poles (A-shape, B-shape, and C-shape) and the polishing times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 min). The results of this study showed that the smooth surface of Inconel 625 bar was achieved, which the surface roughness of Inconel 625 were significantly improved from 0.33 μm to 0.03 μm within 10 min of the polishing time via B-shape of magnetic poles. This can be confirmed that the 40000-RPM grade MAP processing method is an effective process to achieve high surface quality of Inconel 625 workpieces.

If the release point of the precision air delivery system is determined only by L/D, target accuracy can be greatly reduced due to changes in wind speed and direction by altitude. In this paper, after conducting a self-made precision air delivery system (PADS) drop test, we analyzed the problems that may occur due to wind changes by altitude and proposed an algorithm to determine the release point of PADS to increase the precision of PADS landing. As a result of conducting the simulation with this algorithm, it was similar to the results of the drop experiment. In addition, the conceptual design of HW and SW was carried out for the actual dropsonde implementation in the future.

In the present study, the inertial electromagnetic actuator (IEA) and the FxLMS (filtered-x least mean square) method were applied to study vibration control using the active mount. IEA was designed and manufactured for the experiment, and FxLMS algorithm was developed to evaluate control performance and mount dynamic characteristics. For the vibration control experiment, active mounts were installed at the top and bottom, and the lower active mount controls the force transmitted to the structure by the excitation signal from the upper active mount. The experiment was performed by simultaneously exciting three frequencies in three axes. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the force measured at the lower active mount when the actuator is off is greatly reduced when the actuator is on, and that vibration reduction in the vertical z-axis is more effective than vibration reduction in the x-y plane.

In this study, data on indication errors within the range of 0 to 10 mm were measured using a dial gauge, which is widely used as a comparative measuring instrument in the field. Using Minitab, a statistical program, measurement conditions were determined during calibration of measuring instruments. Since the P value of the test statistic for the indication error is 0.000 to 0.003, the alternative hypothesis (H1) that no significant difference occurs due to a change in the measurement point at the significance level of 0.05 was adopted.

This study proposes a methodology for assessing seismic liquefaction hazard by implementing high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) ground models with high-density/high-precision site investigation data acquired in an area of interest, which would be linked to geotechnical numerical analysis tools. It is possible to estimate the vulnerability of earthquake-induced geotechnical phenomena (ground motion amplification, liquefaction, landslide, etc.) and their triggering complex disasters across an area for urban development with several stages of high-density datasets. In this study, the spatial-ground models for city development were built with a 3D high-precision grid of 5 m x 5 m x 1 m by applying geostatistic methods. Finally, after comparing each prediction error, the geotechnical model from the Gaussian sequential simulation is selected to assess earthquake-induced geotechnical hazards. In particular, with seven independent input earthquake motions, liquefaction analysis with finite element analyses and hazard mappings with LPI and LSN are performed reliably based on the spatial geotechnical models in the study area. Furthermore, various phenomena and parameters, including settlement in the city planning area, are assessed in terms of geotechnical vulnerability also based on the high-resolution spatial-ground modeling. This case study on the high-precision 3D ground model-based zonations in the area of interest verifies the usefulness in assessing spatially earthquake-induced hazards and geotechnical vulnerability and their decision-making support.

This study was conducted to develop a precision automatic irrigation system in a nursery by considering the problems and improvements of manual and the conventional automatic irrigation system. The amount of irrigated water between the conventional automatic irrigation system and manual irrigation was 28.7 ± 4.4 g and 14.2 ± 4.3 g, respectively, and the coefficient of variation was less than 30%. However, the coefficient of variation of the conventional automatic irrigation system of 15%, was higher than that of manual irrigation of 30%. The irrigation test using the developed uniform irrigation system attached with the nozzle of a spray angle 80° and most highest uniformity was at height 600 mm. And coefficient of variation of the irrigation uniformity at the center part was within 20%, but irrigation amount of the edge part was lower 50% and over compared to the center part. As a result of a tomato grafting seedling cultivation test using the developed uniform irrigation system, the average plant height of seedling at the edge part was 28 mm but plant height at the center part was higher as 72 mm. Therefore, it was necessary to apply additional irrigation device at the edge part. The irrigation uniformity of the edge concentrated irrigation system was investigated that the irrigation amount of the edge part was irrigated by more than 50% compared with the center part, and coefficient of variation of the irrigation amount at the center part was less than 30%. As a result of a cucumber grafting seedling cultivation test using the edge concentrated irrigation system, the plant height of seedlings in the edge and central part of cultivation bed were 24% and 26%, respectively, so irrigation uniformity was higher then the uniform irrigation system. In order to improve the uniformity of seedlings, it is necessary to adjust the height of boom according to the growth of the seedling by installing a distance sensor in the overhead watering and boom irrigation system.