감정노동은 소비자와 서비스 제공자의 관계에서 다양한 연구들이 수행되고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 감 정노동을 조직에서 상사와 부하의 관계에 적용하고자 하였다. 연구목적은 구조적 및 희생적 행동으로 구분되는 상사 행동 유형의 감정노동(심층행동, 표면행동)에 대한 영향력, 감정노동(심층행동, 표면행동)의 대인지향 행동(일탈행동, 개인차원 시민행동)에 대한 직접효과, 상사 행동 유형(구조적, 희생적)과 대인지향 행동(일탈행동, 개인차원 시민행동)의 관계에서 감정노동(심층행동, 표면행동)의 매개효과 검증이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 자료는 제주지역에 소재하고 있는 공기업 및 공공기관 종사자를 대상으로 하 였으며, 250부의 설문지를 배부하여 회수된 설문지 가운데 불성실하게 응답한 문항을 제외한 총 222부의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 연구결과를 정리하면, 상사의 구조적 행동은 표면행동과 일탈행동을 촉진하는 원인이 되며, 상사의 희생적 행동은 심층행동과 개인차원 시민행동에 긍정적인 영향력이 있었다. 반면에 구조적 행동은 심층행동과 개인차원 시민행동을 저감하게 하는 원인이 되며, 희생적 행동은 표면행동과 일탈행동을 감소시키는 원인으로 확인되었다. 감정노동과 대인지향 행동의 관계에서 표면행동은 일탈행 동에, 심층행동은 개인차원 시민행동에 긍정적인 영향력이 확인되었다. 또한 표면행동은 개인차원 시민행 동을 감소시키는 원인으로 확인되었다. 양자관계에서 매개효과는 구조적-표면-개인차원 시민행동, 구조적-심층-개인차원 시민행동, 희생적-표면-개인차원 시민행동, 희생적-심층-개인차원 시민행동의 경로에서 완전 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 상사의 행동유형에 따라 부하가 보이는 감정노동 유형에 차이가 있고, 감정노동 유형에 대한 대인지향 행동 유형에도 차이가 있음을 실증적으로 보여주고 있다.

A microstructure analysis is carried out to optimize the process parameters of a randomly oriented discrete length hybrid carbon fiberreinforced carbon matrix composite. The com-posite is fabricated by moulding of a slurry into a preform, followed by hot-pressing and carbonization. Heating rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 3.3°C/min and pressures of 5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa are applied during hot-pressing. Matrix precursor to reinforcement weight ra-tios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 are also considered. A microstructure analysis of the carbon/carbon compacts is performed for each variant. Higher heating rates give bloated compacts whereas low heating rates give bloating-free, finemicrostructure compacts. The compacts fabricated at higher pressure have displayed side oozing of molten pitch and discrete length carbon fibers.The microstructure of the compacts fabricated at low pressure shows a lack of densification.The compacts with low matrix precursor to reinforcement weight ratios have insufficientbonding agent to bind the reinforcement whereas the higher matrix precursor to reinforcement weight ratio results in a plaster-like structure. Based on the microstructure analysis, a heating rate of 0.2°C/min, pressure of 15 MPa, and a matrix precursor to rein-forcement ratio of 50:50 are found to be optimum w.r.t attaining bloating-free densificationand processing time.

1-D ZnO nanowires have been attractive for their peculiar properties and easy growth at relatively low temperature. The length, diameter, and density of ZnO nanowires were determined by the several synthetic parameters, such as PEI concentration, growth time, temperature, and zinc salt concentration. The ZnO nanowires were grown on the<001> oriented seed layer using the hydrothermal process with zinc nitrate and HMTA (hexamethylenetetramine) and their structure and optical properties were characterized. The morphology, length and diameter of the nanowires were strongly affected by the relative and/or absolute concentration of Zn2+ and OH-1 and the hydrothermal temperature. When the concentrations of the zinc nitrate HMTA were the same as 0.015 M, the length and diameter of the nanowires were 1.97μm and 0.07μm, respectively, and the aspect ratio was 28.1 with the preferred orientation along the<001> direction. XRD and TEM results showed a high crystallinity of the ZnO nanowires. Optical measurement revealed that ZnO nanowires emitted intensive stimulated UV at 376 nm without showing visible emission related to oxygen defects.

Logistics company strives for satisfaction of customer service. the internal clients of corporation, the engineers of driver enhance their thinking about customer orientation by education of important about customer services. the study reached the conclusion that result which analyzed the important fact of enhancing customer orientation strategy by AHP show an ability of dealing with customer improves customer orientation strategy. because the desire of customer is various, it is difficult to have standard of dealing thought, the program of improvement of dealing ability should be developed and trained to improve customer orientation.

The Computerized Enhanced ESL Placement Test (CEEPT) at a public university in the US reflects a new academic writing assessment as test-takers are given sufficient time to plan, produce, and revise a short, academic essay. This study examines the authenticity of the CEEPT, will illuminate the potential of the computerized process-oriented writing assessment. The authenticity was examined based on both logical and empirical analyses. A close examination of a checklist with test and Target Language Use (TLU) tasks reveals relatively good correspondence between the characteristics of CEEPT tasks and of TLU tasks, which indicates high authenticity of the CEEPT. Test takers’ responses to the open- and closed-items on the CEEPT survey also show positive evidence in support of the authenticity of the CEEPT. Students perceived a close match between the academic tasks and the CEEPT tasks, and this high authenticity contributed to eliciting their true writing abilities. The CEEPT as one possible model for process-oriented writing assessment can provide alternatives to timed-single draft essay tests. The findings in this study can advance our understanding of writing assessments and may be applicable to the Korean context.

Nowadays, Internet-based businesses is activated in various organizations. In most of distribution and manufacturing companies, the main current of internet businesses is on-line sales (B2C: Business-to-Customer) centering around internet shopping. Most of theses businesses applied contents-centered and customer-oriented methodology for implementing internet business system(IBS). Also, recently, Introduction of Internet-based VAN(Value Added Network) systems and e-Procurement systems of purchase fields between parent companies and suppliers are proliferated for an efficiency of business and a reduction of transaction cost. These systems used methods of re-constructing the existing legacy systems into Internet-based systems. This paper proposes a customer-oriented and process-based methodology that simultaneously considers customer requirements and business processes of operational systems in order to implement an Internet business system. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology, we applied and implemented an Internet business system for sales of A/S (After Service) spare parts and services on the object of the "H" company of manufacturing ship engines, which is a make-to-order corporation. As a result, This paper showed an effective applicability of Internet-based e-business on A/S business processes in order to improve a service quality for customer satisfaction in manufacturing companies.

RF-magnetron Sputtering Process를 이용하여 Pt/Ti/Si(100)기판위에 lanthanum-modified lead titanate 박막을 제작하였다. 기판온도와 증착시간이 증가함에 따라 증착율은 감소하였다. 기판온도가 증가함에 따라 fine grain들은 large grain으로 변화하였다. Perovskite구조는 기판온도 540˚C, gas pressure 30mtorr에서 나타나기 시작하였다. 본 실험에서 perovskite 박막제작에 대한 조건은 기판온도 580˚C, gas pressure 30mtorr였다. Pt/Ti/Si(100) 우선 배향된 박막을 얻었다. La양이 증가함에 따라 유전율, 항전계, 잔류분극량은 증가하였다. 중심주파수가 44.7MHz, 전파속도는 2680m/sec를 가지는 SAW filter 특성을 얻었다.

In analyzing the issues of ecotourism, collecting opinions of local residents and participants is an essential process because ecotourism needs to keep ecological sensitivity and respect local residents' ecological lives. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the local participants' attitude in resident-oriented ecotourism. Maha ecotourism site, as a study site, is located in Pyeongchang-gun, one of the twelve ecotourism sites designated by the Ministry of Environment. This site has drawn attention since the local government of Pyeongchang-gun transferred its management right on Maha ecotourism sit to the organization of local residents in 2013. This study uses Q methodology which is the most popular research method in analyzing people's subjectivity, that is, viewpoint and attitude. This study have found that there are four features in the subjectivities of participants toward ecotourism site: first group is the people who want more autonomous management right of local residents on Maha ecotourism site. Second group is the people who only want to stand by the ecotourism management. Third group is the people who focus on the migration of talented persons into their neighborhood owing to the program. Lastly, fourth group is the people who focus on the quality of the ecotourism program. In case of the second group, though they have negative opinions of the program, they have much interest in successful cases in other countries managed similar programs with Maha ecotourism. It would be effective for the group to have opportunities to experience successful ecotourism cases in other countries. On top of it, having seminars regarding ecotourism or holding community councils frequently would be very helpful for encouraging the second group of people to join in the ecotourism program actively like other groups of people. Supplying more manpower and developing various programs are also necessary in order to support other three groups.