마리나업은 전 세계적으로 고용창출과 경제적 파급효과 측면에서 주요 산업으로 각광받고 있다. 이에 따라 우리나라는 마리나업 육성을 위해 다양한 정책 을 펼치고 있으나 외국적 마리나선박의 국내 유입을 위한 정책은 아직까지 미 흡한 실정이다. 외국적 마리나선박이 우리나라에 입항하기 위해서는 마리나항 만 또는 마리나시설에 입항하여야 하는데, 이러한 마리나항만 및 마리나시설 대부분은 무역항이 아닌 불개항장에 소재하고 있어 외국적 마리나선박의 국내 유입에 있어 장애요소로 작용하고 있다. 외국적 선박이 불개항장에 입항하기 위해서는 불개항장 기항 허가를 통해 기항 목적의 타당성, 선박안전확보 방안, 승선자 무단이탈 관리 방안, 해양오염 예방 방안, 국제협약에 따른 선박검사증 서의 유효성 등과 관련된 엄격한 요건을 만족해야 하기 때문이다. 이에 따라 이와 관련된 법적·제도적 정비가 시급한 실정이다. 이 논문에서는 마리나선박 의 국내 유입 활성화를 통한 우리나라 마리나업 발전을 위해 국내법 규정 완 화, 명확한 기준 확립 및 실효성 있는 안전관리 제도 마련 등 불개항장 기항 허 가 제도 개선방안을 제시한다.

Decommissioning plan of nuclear facilities require the radiological characterizations and the establishment of a decommissioning process that can ensure the safety and efficiency of the decommissioning workers. By utilizing the rapidly developed ICT technology, we have developed a technology that can acquire, analyze, and deliver information from the decommissioning work area to ensure the safety of decommissioning workers, optimize the decommissioning process, and actively respond to various decommissioning situations. The established a surveillance system that monitors nuclide inventory and radiation dose distribution at dismantling work area in real time and wireless transmits data for evaluation. Developed an evaluation program based on an evaluation model for optimizing the dismantling process by linking real-time measurement information. We developed a technology that can detect the location of dismantling workers in real time using stereovision cameras and artificial intelligence technology. The developed technology can be used for safety evaluation of dismantling workers and process optimization evaluation by linking the radionuclides inventory and dose distribution in dismantling work space of decommissioning nuclear power plant in the future.

본 연구에서는 자외선 살균기의 미생물 오염 상태를 분 석하고 위생관리 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 실험에 사 용된 자외선 살균기는 전라남도 소재 일부 보육시설 98곳 의 자외선 살균기를 대상으로 하였다. 일반세균 및 대장 균군은 식품공전 미생물 시험법에 따라 실험하였다. 일반 세균은 98개 보육시설 중 67개소(68.4%), 대장균군은 5개 소(5.1%)에서 검출되었다. 식중독세균 실험 결과 Salmonella spp. 등 6종의 식중독세균은 검출되지 않았지만 B. cereus 는 98개 보육시설 중 1개소(2.8%)에서 검출되었다. 자외선 램프 교체 주기에 따른 일반세균 검출율은 3개월 이내 가 6개 보육시설 중 3개소(50%), 3개월 이상 6개월 이내 가 5개 보육시설 중 3개소(60%), 6개월 이상이 87개 보육 시설 중 61개소(70.1%)로 나타났다. 대장균군 검출율은 6 개월 이내에는 검출되지 않았으나 6개월 이상이 87개 보 육시설 중 5개소(5.7%)로 나타났다. 자외선 살균기의 미 생물 오염도는 램프 교체 주기가 길어질수록 미생물 오염 도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 자외선 램프 교체 주기가 6개 월 이상인 87개 보육시설 중 23개소(26.4%)의 자외선 살 균기 반사판에는 물기가 있고 청소상태가 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 보육시설에서 사 용 중인 자외선 살균기의 위생관리를 위해 주기적인 청소 와 자외선 램프 교체가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 보 육시설 급식담당자들에게 자외선 살균기 청결과 램프 교 체에 대한 지속적인 교육이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microbiological contamination of knives and cutting boards in child-care centers. Materials used in this study were swabbed of cutting boards and knives (blade, handle of knife, and joint of handle and blade) in 129 child-care centers. Mean values of total aerobic bacteria of swabs of knives and cutting boards were 1.7±0.7 log cfu/100 cm2 and 1.7±0.9 log cfu/100 cm2, respectively. Contamination levels of coliform bacteria from knives and cutting boards were 1.5±0.6 log cfu/100 cm2 and 1.7±0.8 log cfu/100 cm2, respectively. Comparing microbiological contamination levels of knives and cutting boards according to type and size of child-care centers, there was no significant difference. Bacillus cereus was detected in knife handles and cutting boards. Diarrhea-type toxin gene (entFM) was detected in B. cereus isolates. Antibiotic resistance tests showed that B. cereus was resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. To reduce microbiological contamination levels of knives and cutting boards in child-care centers and prevent food poisoning from bacteria contamination, continuous education by children's food-service management center is needed for sterilization and disinfection of knives and cutting boards.

This study investigated the effect of automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback on Korean university students’ revision behavior. Specifically, it explored the extent to which the quality of essays differed between first drafts and second drafts. Furthermore, the way individual students dealt with incorrect feedback in revising essays was examined. In this study, ETS’ Criterion program, one of the most popular AWE programs, was employed. In cases where incorrect feedback was detected, the first and second drafts were closely compared to find out how students altered the text in response to the incorrect feedback, and this was classified into one of three categories: successful changes, unsuccessful changes, and text deletion. The results showed that students’ second drafts were rated significantly higher than first drafts by two NS raters, which indicates that many students followed the revision suggestions made by the Criterion program. As students’ Criterion scores increased, their ability to identify and make successful changes in response to incorrect feedback improved. The findings of the study can advance our understanding of AWE use in an EFL context and should contribute to broader examination of how Korean university students engage in revision of their essays.

본 연구에서는 어린이집 급식실 실내공기와 급식테이블 및 조리종사자 손의 미생물학적 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 재료는 어린이집 조리 종사자 24명의 손과 어린이집 18곳의 급식테이블 및 93곳의 실내공기를 실험대상으로 하였다. 조리 종사자 손의 미생물 채취는 Glove juice법, 급식테이블의 표면 미생물 채취는 Swab 법에 따라 채취하였다. 어린이집 실내공기의 미생물 오염도는 자연 방치법에 따라 실험하였다. 조리 종사자 손의 일반세균 오염도는 평균 5.8±1.9 log CFU/hand로 나타났고, 대장균군 오염도는 평균 4.0±2.4 log CFU/hand로 나타났다. 급식테이블의 일반세균 오염도는 평균 4.3±3.0 log CFU/100 cm2 로 나타났고, 대장균군 오염도는 평균 2.6±3.3 log CFU/ 100 cm2로 나타났다. 어린이집 조리 종사자 손과 급식테이 블에서 B. cereus가 각각 2건씩 검출되었다. 실내공기 중 일반세균수 오염도는 평균 28±7.2 CFU/plate, 대장균군 오염도는 평균 3.1±2.9 CFU/plate로 나타났다. 또한, 실내공기 중 B. cereus 오염도는 평균 1.7±0.2 CFU/plate, S. aureus 오염도는 평균 1.6±0.5 CFU/plate로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 어린이집 급식테이블 표면에 존재하는 미생물 오염도를 감소시키기 위한 식사 전 소독이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 실내공기 중 미생물 오염도 저감화를 위해 주기적인 환기와 급식 관계자들의 위생모, 마스크 및 위생복 등의 청결관리가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

This purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of jellies added with lemon myrtle extract. Lemon myrtle leaves were extracted for 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 minutes, respectively, in 90℃ water and used for jelly preparation. The moisture content of control showed the lowest value and the content increased significantly as the extraction time of lemon myrtle increased. The pH of L0 was significantly high and increased significantly with the increase of extraction duration time. The lightness value was the lowest in the L3. The redness showed the lowest value in the L9. The yellowness showed the lowest value in the L0. In texture properties the hardness of L9 showed the highest value and the lemon myrtle extraction duration increased significantly. The cohesiveness was highest in the L0 and lowest in the L5. Gumminess and chewiness increased significantly with increasing extraction duration. Total polyphenol content was the highest in the L5 and the jellies with lemon myrtle extracts were significantly higher than the L0. DPPH radical scavenging activities increased significantly with increasing extraction duration. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the L0 was the lowest. In the sensory evaluation overall preference, color, sweetness, texture, and lemon myrtle flavor did not show any significant differences among the samples.

서울시내에 위치한 프랜차이즈 매장과 대형마트 내 판매되고 있는 4종(후라이드, 양념, 간장, 치즈가루 치킨)의 치킨제품 123건에 대하여 당과 나트륨 검사를 실시하였다. 전체 치킨제품의 평균 당 함량은 100 g 당 4.5 g이었으며, 양념치킨(8.7 g), 치즈가루 치킨(4.3 g), 간장치킨(3.6 g), 후라이드 치킨(0.6 g) 순으로 나타났다. 평균 나트륨 함량은 전체 치킨제품의 경우 100 g 당 552.4 mg이었으며, 치즈가루 치킨(627.0 mg), 간장치킨(536.3 mg), 양념치킨(511.2 mg), 후라이드 치킨(448.0 mg) 순으로 나타났다. 프랜차이즈와 대형마트 내 판매 치킨제품을 비교하였을 때, 평균 당 함량의 경우 100 g당 대형마트 내 판매 후라이드 치킨(0.8 g) 과 양념치킨(8.9 g)에서 모두 프랜차이즈의 후라이드 치킨 (0.5 g)과 양념치킨(8.6 g)보다 높았으며, 프랜차이즈와 대형 마트 내 판매 제품에 따른 유의적으로 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 평균 나트륨 함량의 경우 100 g당 프랜차이즈 양념치킨 (516.0 mg)과 대형마트의 후라이드 치킨(471.5 mg)이 높은 값을 보였으며, 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 포장량 전체를 섭취했을 경우, 평균 당 함량의 섭취비율은 후라이드 치킨은 모두 WHO에서 권고하는 1일 당류 섭취권고량인 50 g 이하였고, 간장치킨(47.6%)과 치즈가루 치킨(55.4%)은 절반 수준이었으나, 양념치킨은 프랜차이즈(140.4%)와 대형마트(148.8%) 제품 모두 권고량을 넘어섰다. 나트륨은 WHO의 1일 나트륨 섭취권고량인 2,000 mg 대비 섭취비율이 후라이드 치킨은 프랜차이즈(140.1%)와 대형마트(170.3%) 제품과 간장치킨(167.9%)에서 높게 나타났다. 특히, 양념치 킨은 프랜차이즈(203.7%)와 대형마트(208.4%) 제품 모두와 치즈가루 치킨(202.4%)에서 섭취권고량의 2배를 넘어선 것으로 나타났다.

This is a longitudinal case study using a mixed-methods research design to track how two Korean university students improved their English writing competence over one year with the aid of automated writing evaluation (AWE) program, Criterion. The participants wrote essays outside of class every month for one year, submitting first and later second drafts. The participants completed a TOEIC writing test at the beginning and end of the study; students’ reflections on their writing development, obtained through interviews and journal entries, were also examined. A comparison of scores, errors, and quantitative measures of fluency and grammatical complexity indicated writing improvement. Both participants used Criterion feedback effectively to render informed judgments and valid corrections. Essay revision based on Criterion feedback yielded more self-directed learning and greater comfort with writing in content courses. It is suggested that the effect of AWE feedback transfers to long-term improvement. The results point to the potential benefit of AWE use in individual out-of-class writing practices.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of jelly added with 0%, 8%, 16%, 24%, and 32% rhubarb stem juice (RSJ). The moisture content and water activity of jelly samples increased significantly with increasing content of RSJ. The pH was highest in control samples; and the more the amount of RSJ added, the lower. Hunter color value of the jelly showed that L was highest in control samples, but it was not significant in RSJ-added samples. The A value was increased significantly with the addition of RSJ. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness was highest in samples with 0~8% RSJ, and it decreased by increasing RSJ addition. DPPH radical scavenging activity results showed 60% activity in samples with 32% RSJ. ABTS radical scavenging activity was lowest in control samples and samples with 8~32% RSJ showed 70~80% activity, but it was not significant in samples with 8~32% RSJ. The total polyphenol was increased respectively with increasing levels of RSJ. In terms of consumer acceptance, overall acceptability did not show any significant difference among samples, and the color showed the highest value in samples with 32% RSJ and the lowest value in samples with 8% RSJ.

Cabbage is a biennial plant that is native to the shores of the Mediterranean. It contains dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin A, vitamin C, and anticarcinogenic phytochemicals. For the test, cabbage powder was added (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) to flour. The addition of cabbage powder significantly increased the specific gravity and viscosity of the batter and pH of both the batter and chiffon cake. The moisture in the chiffon cake increased due to the addition of cabbage powder. Also, the lightness of the cake significantly increased, whereas the redness and yellowness decreased as the amount of cabbage powder increased. The lightness and redness of crumbs from C0 were higher than other samples as each 59.48, －3.17, respectively. Except for the resilience, the hardness, gumminess, fracturability, and adhesiveness showed similar values in the C0, C5, and C10. In terms of consumer perception, the color, softness, flavor and overall consumer preference for the control chiffon cake were higher than C5, C10, C20, and C30. Nonetheless, for those that contain cabbage powder, C5 and C10 had relatively higher consumer preferences than C20 and C30. As a result, the optimum amount of cabbage powder for the chiffon cake would be from 5~10%.

현대인들의 건강에 대한 관심이 커짐에 따라 한약재 소비량이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 최근 기후변화와 국내 한약재의 높은 수입 의존도에 따라 유해물질에 대한 오염 위험이 높아지고 있다. 곰팡이독소는 한약재 중 안전성을 평가하는 주요한 항목 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서 498 건의 한약재에 대해 곰팡이독소 모니터링을 진행 하였다. 면역컬럼을 이용해 한약재 중 아플라톡신을 추출 하였으며, 추출한 아플라톡신은 HPLC-FLD 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 직선성, 회수율, LOD 및 LOQ를 통해 본 연구에 이용한 실험법 검증을 실시하였다. 39건에서 평균 7.670 μg/kg의 아플라톡신이 검출되었으며, 0.610~77.452 μg/kg의 검출범위를 보였다. 특히 현호색은 국내 아플라톡신 기준이 없으나, 시험에 사용된 39건 중 5건에서 14.9 ± 4.1 μg/kg의 높은 아플라톡신 농도를 보였다. 즉, 현호색에 대한 기준 설정이 시급히 요구되어지며, 선제적 관리를 위한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료되어진다.

헤미셀룰레이즈를 0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015%, 0.020%를 첨가한 자색고구마 제조한 식빵의 품질 특성과 관능검사를 실시하였다. 반죽의 pH와 총 산도는 시료들 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 발효 시간에 따른 발효 팽창력은 발효시간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 증가하였고(p<0.05), 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가량에 따른 발효 팽창력은 45분과 60분에서는 헤미셀룰레이즈 0.015% 첨가군이 가장 높았으며, 대조군이 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 식빵의 pH는 대조군보다 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 유의적인 차이가 없었으며(p<0.05), 총 산도는 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 비용적과 굽기 손실률은 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 수분 함량은 시료들 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 명도는 대조군보다 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05), 적색도는 0.005% 첨가군을 제외하고, 대조군보다 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 황색도는 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 다소 높았다(p<0.05). 견고성과 부서짐성은 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 복원성은 0.005% 첨가군을 제외하고, 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 소비자 기호도 검사는 색과 부드러움은 실험군들 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았고(p<0.05), 향미는 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 종합적인 기호도는 헤미셀룰레이즈 0.010% 첨가군이 5.67로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이상의 실험에서 헤미셀룰레이즈 0.010% 첨가가 자색고구마 식빵의 부피를 개선하는데 최적 첨가량으로 확인되었다.

This study reports three international graduate students who took an English as a Second Language (ESL) test at a large U.S. public university. Some test takers might be misclassified as non-masters, required to take ESL courses, and thus unable to register for a full load of content courses. The three test-takers perceived themselves to be mis-classified; we call them “malcontents.” These three students were tracked as they began their academic program, via in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Each was audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. We present narratives starting from the test-taking experience and reaching into the first year of graduate program. Two malcontents who were not convinced about their local test results at the beginning later accepted the results after their required ESL courses. Findings indicate that test contentment cannot be judged about the test alone, but can only be judged about the test in concert with any courses into which the test-taker is placed. The stories of malcontents must be identified because their experiences in subsequent courses are an important aspect of establishing the validity evidence; hence, this paper proposes a new theoretical perspective of language test malcontents.

On Oct of 2001, Hyundai Card which got into the credit card business late with its acquisition of Diners Card had a big success with competitive credit card product as the distinction of design and shape was introduced in card design not only was with the credit card proper ability of the payment for goods. As result of success of Hyundai card design facts, other credit card companies released the designed credit card through benchmark of Hyundai card but it was not effective as much as Hyundai card. Therefore, this study is to investigate the success facts of design through analysis of the identity of Hyundai brands design and the mutual relation, the distinction of design makes a product rivalry, is analyzed

The Computerized Enhanced ESL Placement Test (CEEPT) at a public university in the US reflects a new academic writing assessment as test-takers are given sufficient time to plan, produce, and revise a short, academic essay. This study examines the authenticity of the CEEPT, will illuminate the potential of the computerized process-oriented writing assessment. The authenticity was examined based on both logical and empirical analyses. A close examination of a checklist with test and Target Language Use (TLU) tasks reveals relatively good correspondence between the characteristics of CEEPT tasks and of TLU tasks, which indicates high authenticity of the CEEPT. Test takers’ responses to the open- and closed-items on the CEEPT survey also show positive evidence in support of the authenticity of the CEEPT. Students perceived a close match between the academic tasks and the CEEPT tasks, and this high authenticity contributed to eliciting their true writing abilities. The CEEPT as one possible model for process-oriented writing assessment can provide alternatives to timed-single draft essay tests. The findings in this study can advance our understanding of writing assessments and may be applicable to the Korean context.

In this study, plant regeneration through in vitro culture from plantlet stems of Yooja (C. junos Sieb.) and trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata Rafin.) was attempted to make mass-production system of virus-free plants having the same genotype with mother plant. In order to investigate physiological change depending on the developmental stage of plant regeneration, the changes of total protein, peroxidase and esterase activity and their isozyme patterns as well were examined in 1/2 MS medium. The results are as follows : 1. The MS medium for the optimal callus induction and shoot formation was utilized. The medium was supplemented either with 2,4-D and Kinetin or with BA and NAA. The optimal concentrations were the combination of 1.0mg/ 2,4-D +0.3mg/ Kinetin and 1.0mg BA +0.3mg NAA in callus induction and shoot formation, respectively. 2. For the plant regeneration from somatic embryos, 1/2 MS medium was used with supplements of growth regulators (free, 1.0mg/ IBA +1.0mg/ BA ,0.5mg/ IBA +0.5mg/ BA). Shooting and rooting were the best in the treatment of 0.5mg/ IBA and 0.5mg/ BA combination. 3. The total protein content has a tendency of increase with the developmental stage of embryo, but it was decreased at the plantlet. Also it was the highest at 8 and 6 weeks stage in C. junos Sieb. and P. trioliata Rafin, respectively. In the SDS-PAGE pattern of protein, C. junos Sieb. showed bands of 29.0 and 40kDa at 10 weeks. The 45,66 and 97.4 kDa bands at 10 weeks of culture were shown in P. trifoliata Rafin. 4. The highest esterase activity was shown at the 6 and 8 weeks of culture in C.junos Sieb. and P. trifoliata Rafin.., respectively. 5. Esterase isozyme patterns were shown difference according to the developmental stage. In C. junos Sieb. a new band was observed at pl 7.7 following 4 weeks culture. On the other hand, new bands in P. trifoliata Rafin. were observed at pl 7.5~6.5 following 4 and 6 weeks culture, respectively.