This study investigated and analyzed the recognition and needs for Korean communication competency among non-Korean learners who participated in an online Korean language course. To this end, the importance, performance, and necessity of the categories of communication competency recognized by Korean language learners were measured, and then IPA(Importancce-Performance Analysis: Martilla & James, 1977) analysis and Borich’s needs analysis(Borich, 1980) were used. After implementation, we examined whether there were differences in outcomes depending on learner variables. After examining the sub-items, it was found that there were differences in importance, current level, and need depending on the learner’s home country, and there were differences in current level, demand, and necessity depending on academic background and Korean language proficiency. In addition, there are differences in need depending on the learner’s reason for learning Korean, so it is necessary to respond to individual learnier’s needs according to learner variables when designing curriculum for online foreign language learners of Korean.

With the recent surge in YouTube usage, there has been a proliferation of user-generated videos where individuals evaluate cosmetics. Consequently, many companies are increasingly utilizing evaluation videos for their product marketing and market research. However, a notable drawback is the manual classification of these product review videos incurring significant costs and time. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based cosmetics search algorithm to automate this task. The algorithm consists of two networks: One for detecting candidates in images using shape features such as circles, rectangles, etc and Another for filtering and categorizing these candidates. The reason for choosing a Two-Stage architecture over One-Stage is that, in videos containing background scenes, it is more robust to first detect cosmetic candidates before classifying them as specific objects. Although Two-Stage structures are generally known to outperform One-Stage structures in terms of model architecture, this study opts for Two-Stage to address issues related to the acquisition of training and validation data that arise when using One-Stage. Acquiring data for the algorithm that detects cosmetic candidates based on shape and the algorithm that classifies candidates into specific objects is cost-effective, ensuring the overall robustness of the algorithm.

본 사례 연구는 실시간 음성인식을 결합한 설치 작품의 기술, 언어학과 인터랙티브 아트의 융합을 탐구하는 것을 목표로 한다. 따라서 음성인식 기술이 언어라는 축을 통해 ‘Spect’actor’에게 어떻게 전달할 수 있는지에 대한 예술적 관점과 심도 깊은 이해를 도모하고자 한다. 본 연구는 음성인식 기술을 통한 미디어아트 해석 의 가능성을 전반으로 확대하고, 특히 인터랙티브 미디어아트 분야에서 회화적 자동 음성인식을 통한 미디어 아트 해석의 가능성을 넓히고자 합니다.

본 연구는 대학생들이 받는 스트레스와 탈모와의 관련성, 탈모 인식 현황을 파악하고, 유형별 스트레스와 탈모 인식의 상관관계를 분석하는데 목적을 두고 경기도 지역 대학생들을 대상으로 245부의 설문지를 회수하여 SPSS 통계 패키지를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 탈모로 인한 가장 큰 문제는 ‘자 신감 상실’로 분석되었고, 특히 진로/취업과 학업에 대한 스트레스가 큰 사람일수록 ‘자신감 상실’에 대한 문제를 가장 심각하게 생각하고 있는 것으로 분석되고, 탈모 인식에 대한 일반적 특성과 ‘최근 가장 큰 스 트레스’ 항목의 교차분석 결과와 유형별 스트레스와 탈모 인식을 구성하는 탈모 현황의 상관관계분석 결과 모든 유형의 스트레스가 대학생 탈모에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 그중 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 스 트레스는 진로/취업 스트레스와 학업 스트레스인 것으로 나타났고, 탈모가 생겼을 경우 대인관계나 경제적 문제에 앞서 진로/취업, 학업, 외모를 위해 보다 더 적극적으로 탈모 치료에 임할 의향이 있는 것으로 분석 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 스트레스를 유형별로 분류하고, 탈모 인식에 있어서 탈모 현황, 탈모 관리, 탈모 치료의 3가지 항목으로 구체화하여 실증적 연구 방법을 통해 상관관계를 분석하였다는 점에서 큰 의의가 있다고 판단된다.

Captive breeding and reintroduction are crucial strategies for conserving endangered species populations. However, fish raised in predator-free environments, show a lack of recognition of predationrelated stimuli such as chemical and visual signals. It is critical to recognize chemical signals from injured conspecifics, also known as alarm signals, and the order or shape of predators to indicate the spread of predation risk in the habitat. We conducted a laboratory experiment to determine and adjust the optimal exposure period to induce appropriate anti-predator behavior response to different types of stimuli (Chemical, Visual and Chemical+Visual) for the endangered species Microphysogobio rapidus. Our results demonstrate that predator avoidance behavior varies depending on the types of stimuli and the duration of predation risk exposure. First, the results showed captive-breed M. rapidus show lack of response against conspecific alarm signal (Chemical cue) before the predation risk exposure period and tend to increase response over predation risk exposure time. Second, response to predator (visual cue) tend to peak at 48 hours cumulative exposure, but show dramatic decrease after 72 hours cumulative exposure. Finally, response to the mixed cue (Chemical+visual) tend to peak prior to the predation risk exposure period and show reduced response during subsequent exposure periods. This experiment confirms the lack of responsiveness to conspecific alarm signals in captive-bred M. rapidus and the need for an optimal nature behavior enhancement program prior to release of endangered species. Furthermore, responsiveness to predator visual signal peak at 48 hours cumulative exposure, suggest an optimal predation risk exposure period of up to 48 hours. Key words: predator cognition, captive breeding, chemical signal, visual signal, endangered

In this study, 294 housewives in Siheung, Gyeonggi-do, were surveyed to evaluate the differences in the recognition and use of nutrition labeling according to age and to present data for nutrition education. The younger the age, the more aware the consumer was of the information on the nutrition label. Housewives who were younger than 60 years were more likely to check the nutrition labels. The lower the age, the higher the reliance on the nutritional labeling content of the food, and the higher the recognition level of nutritional labeling. It was found that the lower the age, the easier it was for the consumer to understand the nutritional labeling. Among housewives in their 30s and younger, 89.5 percent said they believed checking nutrition labels would help their health. In the younger age group knowledge and information on nutrition labeling was acquired from the internet, and in the older age group, knowledge was acquired from television, radio, and newspapers. Research conducted on housewives in other regions in the future could provide more detailed information suitable for the population of each region. This would serve as data for nutrition education on the recognition and use of nutrition labeling for a healthy diet.

This study aimed to develop virtual reality (VR)-based content on surgical aseptic techniques for nursing students and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The content was developed following the system development life cycle, involving analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Experts and fourth-year nursing students validated the content for its validity and usability of the content. The study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. Results: The VR content was developed using Keller's ARCS motivational design model (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) as the fundamental strategy. Upon applying the VR content developed in this study, the research participants confirmed the values of the following sub-factors: confidence (3.86 out of 5), relevance (3.74 out of 5), attention (3.68 out of 5), and satisfaction (3.65 out of 5). Conclusion: VR-based surgical content on aseptic techniques demonstrates potential benefits for nursing students. Therefore, through systematic development and utilizing of diverse nursing skill content, we can enhance the core competencies of nursing students, providing them with high-quality practical education.

This study aimed to develop virtual reality (VR)-based content on surgical aseptic techniques for nursing students and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The content was developed following the system development life cycle, involving analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Experts and fourth-year nursing students validated the content for its validity and usability of the content. The study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. Results: The VR content was developed using Keller's ARCS motivational design model (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) as the fundamental strategy. Upon applying the VR content developed in this study, the research participants confirmed the values of the following sub-factors: confidence (3.86 out of 5), relevance (3.74 out of 5), attention (3.68 out of 5), and satisfaction (3.65 out of 5). Conclusion: VR-based surgical content on aseptic techniques demonstrates potential benefits for nursing students. Therefore, through systematic development and utilizing of diverse nursing skill content, we can enhance the core competencies of nursing students, providing them with high-quality practical education.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 사회재난에 대해 안전하다는 인식이 학교생활 만족도에 미치는 영향에 있어 우울과 스마트폰 의존의 순차적 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 <한국아동·청소년패널 2018> 자료 중 중1패널 3차년도 자료를 활용하였고, Hayes(2013)의 SPSS PROCESS MACRO Model 6를 활용하여 순차적 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 사회재난 인식은 학교생활 만족도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 청소년의 사회재난 인식 과 학교생활 만족도와의 관계에서 우울과 스마트폰 의존의 매개효과가 각각 유의미했다. 셋째, 청소년 의 사회재난 인식과 학교생활 만족도와의 관계에서 우울과 스마트폰 의존의 순차적 매개효과가 나타났 다. 요컨대, 사회재난으로부터 안전하다는 인식을 가진 청소년들일수록 우울 수준이 낮았고, 이들은 스마트폰 의존이 낮았으며, 결과적으로 학교생활에 대한 만족도가 높았다. 본 연구는 이 같은 연구결과 를 바탕으로 청소년의 사회재난 안전 인식을 증대하고 학교생활 만족도를 높일 수 있는 정책적·실천적 제언을 하였다.

본 연구는 성인 흡연자의 심근경색증 조기 증상 인지 정도를 파악하고 인지와 관련된 요인을 분석하기 위해 진행되었다. 2021년 지역사회 건강조사 원시 자료를 활용한 서술적 조사연구로 조사 완료자 229,942명 중 본 연구에 해당하는 설문에 응답이 불충분한 대상자 18,343명을 제외한 210,899명을 연구대 상자로 선정하여 SAS 9.4 program을 이용하여 표본 분석, 빈도, 백분율 등의 기술통계, 카이 제곱 검정, 복합표본 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 나이, 혼인 여부, 교육수준, 금연계획 여부, 건강검진_암 검진 수검 여부, 당뇨병 진단 여부, 주관적 건강 수준, 사회 물리적 환경이 심근경색증 조기 증상 인지와 유의한 관련이 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 심근경색증 발생 위험이 높은 고위험 집단에 대한 적극적인 홍보 및 교육이 필요하다.

While social media marketing opens a variety of new windows for enlightening brand–customer relationships, a gritty puzzle is that brand recognition does not invariably echo with customers’ perceived value. This provokes the need to uncover the missing pieces in bridging the gap between brand recognition and customer perceived value. This research falls within the innovative new work in the marketing literature in positing co-creation as a crucial mediator in facilitating the impact of brand recognition on customers’ perceived value. Based on social identity theory, we also investigated how co-creation is moderated by virtual communication identification in influencing customers’ perceived value towards a brand. We conducted a survey via a sample of 386 current Gogoro customers. Gogoro is the biggest and most well-known Taiwanese producer of electric scooters. Our findings contribute to the extant marketing research by emphasizing that the key stimulus of increased customer perceived value towards a brand is active co-creation initiatives via virtual brand communities, and that the effects of co-creation are further strengthened when customers’ virtual communication identification is high.

Lightweight face recognition models, as one of the most popular and long-standing topics in the field of computer vision, has achieved vigorous development and has been widely used in many real-world applications due to fewer number of parameters, lower floating-point operations, and smaller model size. However, few surveys reviewed lightweight models and reimplemented these lightweight models by using the same calculating resource and training dataset. In this survey article, we present a comprehensive review about the recent research advances on the end-to-end efficient lightweight face recognition models and reimplement several of the most popular models. To start with, we introduce the overview of face recognition with lightweight models. Then, based on the construction of models, we categorize the lightweight models into: (1) artificially designing lightweight FR models, (2) pruned models to face recognition, (3) efficient automatic neural network architecture design based on neural architecture searching, (4) Knowledge distillation and (5) low-rank decomposition. As an example, we also introduce the SqueezeFaceNet and EfficientFaceNet by pruning SqueezeNet and EfficientNet. Additionally, we reimplement and present a detailed performance comparison of different lightweight models on the nine different test benchmarks. At last, the challenges and future works are provided. There are three main contributions in our survey: firstly, the categorized lightweight models can be conveniently identified so that we can explore new lightweight models for face recognition; secondly, the comprehensive performance comparisons are carried out so that ones can choose models when a state-of-the-art end-to-end face recognition system is deployed on mobile devices; thirdly, the challenges and future trends are stated to inspire our future works.

This study examined effects of pronunciation training using automatic speech recognition technology on common pronunciation errors of Korean English learners. Participants were divided into two groups. One group was given instruction and training about the use of automatic speech recognition for pronunciation practice. The other group was not given such instruction or training as a control group. A pre- and post-test experimental design was used. The treatment period was four weeks. Participants who were taught about using automatic speech recognition for pronunciation practice showed small but significant improvements in pronunciation accuracy than those who did not. In addition, automatic speech recognition was found to assist in the diagnostic evaluation of common pronunciation errors, although it did not produce statistically significant improvements. Participants responded positively to the use of automatic speech recognition for pronunciation practice and testing, although there remain some concerns over technical aspects of the test.

Image recognition is not very effective in the water environment due to multiple factors, such as high scattering and high scattering in the water column. This is why the relevant parameters in the Faster R-CNN network model need to adjust continuously to improve the effectiveness of water detection. The control variable method adjusts the program's learning rate by tuning the network model's parameters. Then, the number of training rounds is adjusted according to the loss function of each round, and finally, we can get the number of matches with the minimum loss function. Based on the experimental results on the dataset, it is shown that the proposed method not only selects the learning rate with the best detection results but also has the strongest robustness and achieves a 96%-99% recognition rate for passenger ships, cargo ships, warships, and bridges compared with other learning rates. Experiments show that the Faster R-CNN network model detects water targets with significant results, and the best network model learning rate parameter is 6×10-3.

In this paper, we proposed and tested an indoor obstacle recognition and avoidance algorithm using vision and ultrasonic sensors for effective operation of drone with low-power. In this paper, the indoor flight of a drone is mainly composed of two algorithms. First, for the indoor flight of the drone, the vanishing point and the center point of the image were extracted through Hough transform of the input image of the vision sensor. The drone moves along the extracted vanishing point. Second, we set an area of interest so that the drone can avoid obstacles. The area of interest is a space where the drone can fly after recognizing an obstacle at a distance from the ultrasonic sensor. When an obstacle is recognized in the drone's area of ​​interest, the drone performs an obstacle avoidance action. To verify the algorithm proposed in this paper, a simple obstacle was installed in an indoor environment and the drone was flown. From the experimental results, the proposed algorithm confirmed the indoor flight and obstacle avoidance behavior of the drone according to the vanishing point.

총리아문 장경 출신인 志剛은 1868년 벌링게임 사절단의 중국 대표 자격으로 미국 과 유럽을 견문한 내용을 일기 형식으로 기록하여 初使泰西記를 남겼다. 지강은 해외 경험을 통해 중국이 더 이상 세계의 중심이 아니며, 세계 속의 일국에 불과할 뿐이라는 점을 점차 인식하게 되었다. 중국이 새로운 국제 질서에 편입되어가는 어 쩔 수 없는 상황 앞에서 서양과의 외교 문제가 가장 중요하며, 조약이 갖는 중요성 또한 자각하게 되었다. 지강이 특별히 주목하였던 외교적 이슈는 해외 이주 중국인 들의 법적 권리 보호, 양주교안 처리를 둘러싼 영국과의 갈등, 철도·광산·鹽稅 등의 경제적 이권에 대한 것이었다.