이 연구의 목적은 근육 세포의 증식 배양을 위해 필요한 핵심 인자인 혈청이 혈청 대체물의 첨가에 의해 대체될 수 있는지를 분자 생물학적 측면에서 검증하는 것이다. 혈청 대체물이 첨가된 low serum (5% FBS) 기반의 promo cell 배지는 성장 배양액으로 사용되었고, 마우스 하지 골격근의 근육세포는 pre-plating (pp) 방법에 의해 분리되었다. Pre-plating 4의 세포는 작고 둥근 형태의 굴절성을 가진 Myoblast/satellite like cells의 형태가 관찰되었으며, 근육 줄기세포 전사인자들(Pax3/7, Myf5, Myod1)과 골격근 발달 전사인자(Myog)의 발현량이 섬유아세포와 비교하여 높게 나타났다. 따라서 그들을 Myoblast derived cells로 명명하고, 기본 세포주로 사용하였다. 분리된 MDCs는 5%, 10% 혹은 20% 혈청이 첨가된 배양액에서 2주간 배양되었다. 배양 6일째부터 대조군(5% 혈청)과 비교하여 20% 혈청은 세포 수가 증가하였으며, 양적 혈청 농도 의존성이 확인되었다. 증식 및 세포사멸 관련 유전자들은 대조군과 비교하였다. 배양 1주 차에 20% FBS군은 세포증식 촉진 유전자인 Myc 발현이 증가한 반면 pro-apoptosis 유전자인 Bax의 발현량이 감소했고, 2주 차에는 세포주기정지 인자인Cdkn1a의 감소와 Myc의 지속적인 증가와 Bax/Bcl의 감소가 나타났다. 각기 다른 FBS 처리농도에서 배양된 Myoblast derived cells을 동일한 Myotube유도 배양액에서 2주간 분화하였다. 대조군과 비교하여 20% FBS군은 Myod1, Myog, Myf6, Myh1의 유의적 증가가 1주부터 확인되었다. 결론적으로 혈청 대체 물질은 근육세포 배양액에서 혈청의 효과를 완벽히 모사할 수 없음이 증명되었고, 따라서 체외에서 상업적 목적의 근육 세포 대량 증식 및 분화를 위해서는 적절한 혈청 대체물 개발이 선행돼야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and is characterized by degeneration of the optic nerve. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major contributing factor to optic nerve damage. However, some patients develop glaucoma even with normal IOP. Other factors, including age, race, myopia, and nutrition, can affect glaucoma risk. Dietary fat intake and serum fatty acid composition are closely related with the fatty acid profile of the retina and thus can modulate glaucoma risk. In this study, we collected serum samples from 34 glaucoma patients (26 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 8 normal tension glaucoma (NTG)) and 45 healthy controls and analyzed their serum phospholipid fatty acid concentrations. The results show that the ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid (OA/SA), which is an indicator of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, was higher in POAG patients when compared to normal controls. The ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA/AA), which is an indirect marker of eicosanoid biosynthesis, was also higher in glaucoma patients (p=0.048). These results imply that dietary fatty acid intake and serum fatty acid profile can influence glaucoma risk. Additional study is necessary to identify the relationship between fatty acids and glaucoma.

Canine cloning have been succeeded for a decade. To obtain in vivo matured dog oocytes, Serum progesterone (P4) level were employed for ovulate determination. However, accuracy of P4 methods is not satisfied. The aim of this study was to compare both methods of serum estradiol (E2) and P4 on the accuracy of canine ovulation determination. Canine serum P4 and E2 concentration during both proestrus and estrus were detected. Correlation between accuracy of each method and environment temperature were analyzed. Following ovulation, oocytes were collected by surgery. As a result, higher percentage of mature oocytes was obtained when using E2 (56.43%) as compared to P4 (39.60%). Accuracy of P4 increased from spring (30.76%) to summer (47.92%) and decreased in autumn (37.50%) and winter (29.16%) gradually. Especially, E2 maintained about 50% to 65% whatever the season and temperature. Correlation analyze showed that dynamic of P4 accuracy highly correlated with environment temperate (Rp4=0.862) but E2 could not be affected by the temperature (RE2=0.199). To determine whether obtained oocytes by E2 method could be used for canine cloning, twenty canines were selected as oocyte donors, and two puppies were produced after somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) and embryo transfer(ET) with the oocytes by E2 method. In conclusion, comparing to the P4 method, the E2 is an accuracy and reliable method for canine cloning.

This study investigated the potential associations of dog characteristics with serum serotonin (5HT) concentration in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Client-owned dogs were prospectively recruited at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University between 2010 and 2011. Forty-two dogs (22 females and 20 males) were enrolled in this study. DMVD dogs included Maltese (n=12), followed by Shih-tzu (n=10), mixed breed (n=5), Chihuahua (n=4), Miniature schnauzer (n=3), Miniature poodle (n=3), Miniature pinscher (n=1), Pomeranian (n=1), Yorkshire terrier (n=2), and Spitz (n=1). As inclusion criteria for the study, dogs had to show either direct or echocardiographic evidence of DMVD. Platelet count significantly differed among the three groups, as the moderate (P<0.05) and severe groups (P<0.05) showed significantly higher platelet counts than the mild DMVD group. Additionally, significantly higher LVIDd, LVIDs, fractional shortening (FS), and LA:Ao ratios were observed in dogs with moderate (P<0.05) and severe (P<0.05) DMVD compared to the mild group, respectively. Significant positive correlations between serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) concentration and platelet count (r=0.273, P=0.03), LA:Ao ratio (r=0.459, P=0.001), and LVIDd (r=0.319, P=0.013) were observed in DMVD dogs. Therefore, serum 5HT concentration may be a potential cause of DMVD progression.

To determine the optimal concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on the growth of insect cells and the multiplicity of viruses, the growth of cells (Sf21 and Bm5) and viruses were examined on the various concentrations of FBS. In view of the viability, growth speed, proliferation of cells and the amount of FBS, the most proper concentration for the cell culture were 7% and 5% for Sf21 and Bm5, respectively. The multiplicity of viruses at the various concentrations of FBS was similar in both cell lines at 5 days post-infection (p.i.). However, it differed significantly at 2 and 3 days p.i. The proper concentration of FBS were 10% and 3% for Sf21 at 2 and 3 days p.i., respectively, and 5% for Bm5 at both 2 and 3 days p. i. These results suggested that the optimal concentration of FBS should be determined according to the used cell lines and viruses for their optimum production.

Disturbances of calciumhomeostasishave beenassociatedwithavarietyofdisease conditions inanimals.Knowledge of serumtotal calciumvalues is essential for understanding disease states that cause calciumalterations outside the reference range. Variations in albumin values can affect the proportion of protein-bound calciumin the total calcium concentration.Adjustment formulas ofmeasured calciumbased onmeasuredalbumin or total protein concentrations were proposed byMeuten et al (MeutenDJ, ChewDJ, CapenCCandKocibaGJ. 1982. Am. Vet.Med. Assoc. 180, 63- 67): adjustedcalcium=calcium albumin+3.5 or adjustedcalcium=calcium 0.4 xprotein+3.3. This studywas aimed todevelop relationships between serumtotal calciumandalbumin andbetween serumtotal calciumandtotal protein atdifferent clinical settings, andtocompare these relationshipswithMeuten's. Eachequationvarieddependingonthe laboratories, andtherewas aignificant difference in regression slopes between laboratories. The prevalence of calcium disturbance based on the albumin and total protein equation ranging 0.7-12.1%and 4.6 -19.3%, respectively. These findings suggest that adjustingcalciumformulasmust bedevelopedseparatelyat different clinical settings. Bytheuse of their own formulas, it becomes possible to interpret abnormal calcium values correctly in patients with various clinical conditions.

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease that leads to the destruction, one of the major cause of tooth loss in human. Osteoclast Differentiation Factor(ODF), also called as Receptor activator of NF-xB ligand(RANKL), a surface-associated ligand on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, activates its cognate receptor RANK on osteoclast progenitor cells, which leads to differentiation of these mononucleated precursor cells. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), a decoy receptor, is released from stromal cells and osteoblasts to inhibit the interaction between RANKL and RANK. The experiment for the effect of pregnancy on gingival health showed greater gingival inflammation and edema during pregnancy, despite similar plaque index. There should be many factors affecting the periodontal health in pregnancy. In this experiment, we examined the direct effects of sex hormones(estrogen and progesterone) on the ODF/OPG expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells at the serum concentration of pregnancy. The ratio was high in the 1st trimester of pregnancy by estrogen and in the late 2nd trimester by progesterone. Therefore, the local periodontal destruction might be accelerated by these hormonal effect on the periodontal cells.

본 시험은 한우에서 연령에 따라 혈청성분들의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 한우 866두(거세 638, 비거세 228)에 대하여 혈청 농도를 분석하여 채혈시 일령을 독립 변량으로 하고 혈청 성분들을 종속변수로 하는 다항 회귀방정식으로 추정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 거세우나 비거세우 모두 같은 차수의 회귀방정식이 접합한 혈청 성분은 IGF- I (3차식) calium(1차식) 및 IP(1차식)이었고 거세우에서는 1차식이 적합하고 비거세우에서는 3차식이 적합한 혈청

This study was designed to observe the effects of T-2 toxin on total cholesterol and lipid concentration in rat serum. T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusa~rdum sp. which is often found on agricultural products including cereals, and it is a causal material of liver injuries in cattle and humans. When we fed rats with standard diet treated with T-2 toxin, the body weight and feed consumption of rats treated with T-2 toxin were decreased. As the results of lipid analysis, the concentrations of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in serum of treated rats were increased compared to non-fed control group, On the other hand, the levels of triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of T-2 toxin treated experimental groups were declined. In conclusion, T-2 toxin largely influenced on the total cholesterol and lipid levels in rat serum.

This study was to investigate the effect of fermentation extracts on the concentration of serotonin and melatonin in the serum of the ICR mice. The ICR mice were divided into water control group, lactobacillus fermentation solution including (Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium longum B6) control group, positive control group (milk and doxylamine succinate), negative control group (caffein) and the groups treated with the extracts of Berberis koreana bark (WE: water extracts, FE-L.P: fermentation extracts of Lactobacillus paracasei, FE-B.L: fermentation extracts of Bifidobacterium longum B6). After ten-day feeding treatment, the mean concentration of serotonin for water control, WE, FE-L.P and FEB. L group was 134.72, 183.01, 232.09 and 223.78 ng/ml, respectively. The mean concentration for FE-L.P and FE-B.L group were approximately 66% larger than that for water control group. The mean concentration of melatonin for water control, WE, FE-L.P and FE-B.L group was 76.92, 106.66, 157.56 and 141.81pg/ml, respectively. The mean concentration of melatonin for FE-L.P and FE-B.L group were also larger than that for water control group. Our results indicated that the fermentation extracts of Berberis koreana bark have relatively greater potential to induce secretion of serotonin and melatonin. Therefore, the fermentation extracts have antidepressant effect.

망간은 정소 독성을 나타내며, 뇌기저핵에 작용하여 혈청 프로락틴의 농도를 증가시킨다. 그리고 혈청 프로락틴 농도 상승에 의한 과프로락틴혈증(hyperprolactinemia)은 정소의 정자 생성을 억제한다. 본 연구에서는 망간의 전신 노출이 흰쥐 정소의 정자 생산과 혈청 프로락틴 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실험동물을 대조군 과 망간 노출군 (Mn )으로 나누고, 노출군은 다시 노출 기간에 따라 4주와 13주 노출군 등 4군으로 분류하였다(n=