고형분 70% 아크릴수지를 합성하기 위해 n-butyl methacrylate(BMA), methyl methacrylate(MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA) 및 acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate(AAEA)와 caprolactone acrylate(CLA)를 사용하여 공중합체의 유리전이온도(Tg)를 50 ℃로 조정하여 합성하였으며, 합성한 아크릴수지의 점도와 분자량은 수산기가(OH values)의 증가에 따라 증가되었다. 높은 고형분의 아크릴수지 합성에 적합한 반응개시제는 di-tert-amyl peroxide 이었으며, 최적의 합성조건은 반응 개시제 5 wt%, 연쇄이동제 4 wt%, 반응온도 140 ℃에서 적하시간은 4시간이었다. 합성수지의 구조는 FT-IR과 1H-NMR spectroscopy로 확인하였고, 수평균 분자량은 1900~2600, 분자량 분포도 1.4~2.1을 얻었다. 합성한 아크릴수지와 무황변성 폴리이소시아네이트인 hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer(Desmodur N-3300)의 NCO/OH 당량비를 1.2/1.0으로 조절하여 아크릴-우레탄 투명도료를 제조하였다. 도료의 물리적 특성으로 점도, 부착성, 건조시간, 가사시간, 연필경도 및 광택을 비교 검토한 결과 부착성, 건조시간, 가사시간, 연필경도 및 광택이 양호한 결과를 나타내었고, 특히 CLA를 10 % 도입한 도료는 부착성이 우수하고 낮은 점도와 높은 경도를 나타내었다.

분자 중심에 두 가지 다른 형태의 길고 강직한 core 구조를 함유하고 양 말단에 적당한 길이의 스페이서와 중합이 가능한 아크릴기를 포함하도록 설계된 두 종류의 액정단량체를 설계, 합성하였으며, 분자구조를 1H-NMR을 통해 확인 하였다. 합성된 액정단량체의 액정 특성을 DSC와 편광현미경을 사용하여 조사한 결과 각각 냉각 온도를 기준으로 84.6~74.0 oC와 133.5~91.6 oC 사이에서 스멕틱 상을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 특히 경직된 선형의 아세틸렌기를 포함하는 액정단량체(PRM-2)의 경우에는 보다 스멕틱 액정상의 발현 온도 범위가 넓을 뿐 아니라 좀 더 정렬도(order parameter)가 높은 스멕틱 A상을 나타냄을 확인 할 수 있었다.

The anion exchange membrane (AEM) has a structure having a group of positively charged ions inside, and selectively permeates the anion of the electrolyte. In addition, excellent ion conductivity and chemical durability, and highly reliable electrochemical performance are required. However, commercially available AEMs have a hydrocarbon-based backbone. It is difficult to make the thin film because of low solubility. As a result, it has low ionic conductivity and high area resistivity and shows limitations in electrochemical applications. In this study, a perfluorinated ionomer-based anion exchange membrane with excellent chemical stability is prepared and shows enhanced anion conductivity in electrochemical applications.

광중합 방법을 이용하여 고리화 중합이 가능한 디알릴 기를 포함하는 액정 단량체를 합성하였고 이를 이용하여 액정의 상전이 특성 및 배향특성과 중합거동에 대하여 연구하였다. 액정단량체는 2-methyl-1,4-phenylene 기를 중 심구조로 하며 양 말단에 고리화 중합이 가능한 1,6-heptadienyl 기를 포함한다. 합성된 액정단량체를 1H-NMR로 구 조 분석을 하였으며 DSC와 POM을 이용하여 액정단량체의 상전이를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 합성된 합성된 액정단량체는 가열시에는 액정상이 관찰되지 않고 약 52 oC에서 등방성 액체로 녹았으며, 냉각시에는 49.1 oC에서 –9.5 oC 사이에서 전형적이 네마틱 상을 보이고 그 이하에서는 결정성을 나타내는 enatiotropic 상전이를 나타내었다. 합성된 액정 단량체는 광개시제를 포함하는 중합용액으로 제조하여 코팅 후 광조사를 통해 고리화 중합을 진행하였으며, 그 결과 고분자필름을 제조하는 데에는 성공하였으나 중합과정 중 배향이 파괴되어 광학필름으로 사용할 수는 없었다.

4,4'(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)와 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA)로부터 용해성이 있는 폴리이미드인 chloromethylated polyimide(CPI)를 합성하고 이를 chloromethylmethyl ether로 hloromethylatation 시켰 다. 다음 CPI를 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(DBU) 촉매 존재하에서 carboxy-terminated PEG와 반응함으로써 PEG-grafted polyimide를 합성하였다. 합성된 고분자는 1H-NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA 등으로 구조 분석하였다. PEG-grafted polyimide의 고분자 고체전해질로의 응용을 위해 lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate와 lithium perchlorate 등의 리티움염을 섞은 후 impedance spectroscopy를 이용하여 이온전도도를 측정하였는데 그 결과 상온 에서 10-5 ~ 10-6 S/cm 정도의 전도도를 얻었다.

방향족 에스터를 메조겐 구조로 하고 양 말단에 양이온 광중합이 가능한 에폭시 관능기가 포함된 새로운 에 폭시계 액정 단량체를 합성하였고 이의 구조를 1H-NMR, IR, 등을 이용하여 확인 하였다. 알킬 스페이서의 길이가 다른 두 가지 액정 단량체의 액정 특성은 편광현미경과 DSC를 사용하여 확인하였으며, 그 결과 2MPBE의 TCN은 82 ℃에서 나타났고 TNI는 195 ℃에서 나타났으며, 4MPBE의 TCN은 88 ℃에서, TNI는 168 ℃에서 각각 관찰되었다. 편 광현미경으로 관찰한 액정상은 상기 액정 온도에서 Schlieren texture를 보이는 nematic 액정임을 확인하였다. 또한 합성된 액정 단량체를 용매에 녹여 양이온성 광개시제로서 diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate를 액정 단량체 대 비 10 wt% 가한 후 유리 기판에 스핀코팅하고 88 ℃에서 광조사를 통해 경화하여 위상지연 필름을 얻었으며, 제조 한 위상지연필름과 상업적 단량체인 RM257로부터 제조된 필름의 위상 지연 값을 측정한 결과 각각 153.08 nm와 150.49 nm 임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 필름의 두께와 위상지연 값으로부터 계산된 복굴절률은 (Δn) 0.172로 시판 중인 RM257(Merck 사)의 복굴절률과 비슷(Δn=0.173)한 값을 가짐을 알 수 있었다.

The Citrus Leafminer (CLM) larvae creates shallow tunnels in leaves of citrus (orange, mandarins, lemons, grapefruit, etc) and commonly attacks citrus young leaves. They spread almost worldwide (North America, Asia, Australia, etc) and difficult to control by chemicals due to their small size and their behavior of leaf rolling. Due to difficult of managing, our interest is preparing pheromone to control; Z7Z11-16;Al is known as the sex pheromone of this species in Japan. While blending Z7Z11-16;Al and Z7Z11E13-16;Al (3:1 ratio) is known as the pheromone of this insect in North America. Even though commercialized and mass produced already in overseas, there had been almost no report in Korea about synthetic studies and field screening results. The control of the regio-isomers is very important in this kind of pheromone synthesis. Our strategy is the regio-selective Wittig olefination reaction between E-pent-2-enyl(triphenylphsphonium)bromide (phosphonium salt) and the counterpart aldehyde using sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) as a base. All the spectroscopic data (1H, 13C, GC-Mass, etc) are nicely matched with the previously reported values. The field screening in the Jeju island is currently ongoing and will be reported.

Poly(imide p-alkoxycinnamate)s of various alkyl chain lengths were synthesized by esterifying chloromethylated polyimide (CMPI), a synthetic platform for functionalized polyimides. Soluble CMPI, obtained by chloromethylation of soluble polyimide from diaminodiphenylether and 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, was esterified with various p-alkoxycinnamic acids in the presence of base and phase transfer catalyst. The reaction underwent almost quantitatively. The structure of resulting polymer was characterized by 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. Thin polymer film on a glass substrate was irradiated with polarized UV light, inducing a homogeneous liquid crystal alignment.

Cyclodextrin are obtained from starch by enzymatic degradation. The three best characterize forms are α, β, γ cyclodextrin consisting of 6, 7, and 8 D-glucose units, respectively. Each of the glucose units are in the rigid C1 chair conformation and are linked by α 1,4 bonds. This geometry gives the cyclodextrin the shape of a hollow truncated cone with the wider side formed by the secondary 2- and 3-hydroxy groups and the narrower side by the primary 6-hydroxy group. The most characteristics property of the cyclodextrin is their ability to form inclusion complexes with a wide range of guest moleculars. We syntheses per-6-substituted β-cyclodextrin derivatives and investigate structures, spectrospcopic properties. The substituted materials are piperidine, piperazin, morphorine. The synthetic compound showed a good solubility than natural β cyclodextrin in organic solvents such as methylene chloride, methanol, ethanol, etc.

Two aromatic polysulfones, poly(PhC-co-SDA)-2 and poly(TPhC-co-SDA)-2, were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of phthaoyl chloride(PhC) and terephthaloyl chloride(TPhC) with P, P'-sulfonyldianiline(SDA), respectively. The properties of the aromatic polysulfones synthesized were as follows : inherent viscosity, 0.32~0.35dL/g:glass transition temperature, 220~240℃:tensile strength, 308~336Kg/cm2:and 5% weight loss temperature by TGA thermogram in the air, 500~530℃. As the result, thermal properties of the synthesized copolymers proved to be excellent.

1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline[I] was converted into various types of sulfonated or sulfated amphoteric surfactants as following. 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-(3-sulfonatedpropyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazolium[III] 1-(2-sulfatedethyl)-1-methyl-2-undecyl-2-imidazolium[IV] 1-dioxylethylene methyl sulfonated-1-methyl-2-undecyl-2-imidazoliun[V] N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(3-sulfonatedpropylammonio]ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VI] Mono sodium N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-disulfonatedpropylammonio]ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VII] N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl-N'-(2-hydroxypropl-N'(3-sulfonatedpropyl)ammonio] ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VIII] The alkylimidazolines could be readily hydrolyzed to give amidoamines, but by quaternerization, hydrolysis stability of imidazoline and amide type amphoteric surfactantes were increased in the alkali and acid conditions. Also, at least three carbon chains introduce to the main group, water solubility was sparingly increased.

Amphoteric surfactants were synthesized by the cyclization of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester. Compound [I] was easily hydrolyzed with water, especially in the presence of a alkali, to afford amidoamines. After [I] was hydrolyzed, the reaction mixture was allowed to react with acrylic acid ethyl ester and then soapoinfied. Only sodium salts of N- -(2-carboxyethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl]dodecanoyl amide[III] was obtained. However, when the reacton of [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester was carried out in the presence of water, followed by soapnification, ring cleavage of [I] occurred at 2, 3 position, different from hydrolysis of [I] where the cleavage occurred at 1, 2 position, to give sodium salts of N-[N'-(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [IV] and N-[N', N'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [V] as main products.

Intermediates, 1-benzyl-2-substituted-3-carboxaldehyde[I]-[II], were prepared by the reaction of 2-substituted indole-3-carboxaldehyde with benzyl chloride. Indolylacrylophenone derivatives[III]-[X] were prepared from 1-benzyl-2-substituted-3-carboxaldehyde with acetophenone derivatives. They are as follows; 3-(1'-benzylindole-3'-yl)-1acrylophenone [III] 3-(1'-benzylindole-3-yl)-1(p-methoxy)acrylophenone [IV] 3-(1'-benzylindole-3-yl)-1(p-bromo)acrylophenone [V] 3-(1'-benzylindole-3-yl)-1(p-chloro)acrylophenone [VI] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-acrylophenone [VII] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-(p-methoxy)acrylophenone [VIII] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-(p-bromo)acrylophenone [VIII] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-(p-chloro)acrylophenone [X]

Novel rhodamine 6G fluorescent chemosensors 1 and 2 for the detection of transition metal cations were synthesized through the condensation of rhodamine 6G ethylenediamine with each of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 2,6-pyridinedicarbaldehyde, respectively. 1 and 2 were characterized using 13C NMR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Fluorometric and colorimetric measurements involving various metal ions revealed the ring opening of the rhodamine 6G spirocycle framework. In the absence of metal cations, 2 was colorless and non-fluorescent, whereas the addition of metal cations (Hg2+ and others) changed the color to pink, accompanied by the appearance of an orange fluorescence. The chemosensors exhibited high selectivity for Hg2+ over other divalent first-row transition metals. The complexes of Hg2+ with 1 and 2 were successfully isolated. A huge enhancement in the fluorescence for both one- and two-photon excitations makes these compounds suitable candidates to be used for fluorescent labeling of biological systems.

Novel N2O2 tetradentate ligands, H-3BPD and H-2BPD were synthesized. Hydrochloric acid salts of Br-3BPD, Cl-3BPD, Br-2BPD and Cl-2BPD having Br and Cl substituents at the para position of the phenol hydroxyl group, were synthesized. The ligands were characterized by C. H. N atomic analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-visible, and mass spectra. The proton dissociation constants (logKn H) of the phenol hydroxyl group and secondary amine of the synthesized N2O2 ligands were shown by four step wise values. The orders of the calculated overall proton dissociation constants (logβp) were Br-3BPD < Cl-3BPD < H-3BPD in case of 3BPD and Br-2BPD < Cl-2BPD < H-2BPD in case of 2BPD respectively. The order agreed well with that of para Hammett substituent constants(δp). The stability constants(logKML) of the complexes between the synthesized ligands and transition metal(II) ions agreed with the order of logβp of the ligands. The order of the logKML value of the each transition metal (II) ion was Co(Ⅱ) < Ni(Ⅱ) < Cu(Ⅱ) > Zn(Ⅱ) > Cd(Ⅱ) > Pb(Ⅱ), which agreed well with that of Iriving-Williams series.