Background: The progressive digitalization of contemporary life, coupled with prolonged sedentary behavior, has contributed to the widespread occurrence of forward head posture (FHP) in the general population. Among the various exercise interventions aimed at correcting FHP, stretching exercises and proprioceptive training have garnered significant attention. Objectives: To investigate the effects of stretching exercises and proprioceptive training on craniovertebral angle (CVA), an indicator of forward head posture (FHP), and on the muscle tone of the suboccipital muscles. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either the stretching exercise group (n=15) or the proprioceptive training group (n=15), and each group underwent intervention three times per week for six weeks. CVA and muscle tone of the suboccipital muscles were measured before and after the six-week intervention, and the results were statistically analyzed for comparison. Results: Both groups showed a significant increase in CVA after the intervention (P<.05), with no significant difference between the groups. The muscle tone of the suboccipital muscles did not show statistically significant changes either within or between the groups. Conclusion: Six weeks of stretching exercise and proprioceptive training both resulted in a significant increase in CVA, demonstrating that both interventions are effective in improving FHP. However, neither intervention produced significant changes in the muscle tone of the suboccipital muscles.

본 연구는 간호대학생의 간호전문직 자아개념, 임상실습 교육환경, 임상실습 시 경험한 무례함, 진로정체감 정도를 파악하고, 진로정체감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. G 광역시 소재 2개 대학 간호학과 3, 4학년을 대상자로 선정했다. SPSS 27.0 프로그램으로 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression으로 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 간호전 문직 자아개념 및 임상실습 교육환경은 진로정체감과 양의 상관관계가 있었고, 임상실습 시 경험한 무례함 은 진로정체감과 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 진로정체감에 영향을 미치는 요인은 간호전문직 자아개념, 임상 실습 교육환경, 무례함, 전공만족도, 임상실습만족도였으며 설명력은 31.7%였다. 따라서 간호대학생의 진 로정체감 향상을 위해 간호전문직 자아개념 강화와 질 높은 실습 환경 조성, 무례함 예방 및 심리적 지지 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

Purpose This study aimed to develop and evaluate a simulation-based autotransfusion device training program to enhance the clinical performance, performance confidence, and educational satisfaction of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses. Methods: A single-group pretestposttest study was conducted with 30 PACU nurses. The program, based on the ADDIE model, included orientation, simulation training, and debriefing. Data were collected using validated tools before and after the program and analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Clinical performance improved from a median of 30.00 to 43.00 (Z =−4.78, p < .001). Performance confidence increased from 31.00 to 47.50 (Z =−4.71, p < .001), while educational satisfaction rose from 26.00 to 40.00 (Z =−4.73, p < .001). Conclusions: The simulation-based program effectively enhanced the clinical performance, performance confidence, and education satisfaction of PACU nurses. These findings underscore the value of simulation-based training for enhancing nurses’ competence in using complex, high-risk medical devices.

목적 : 본 연구는 지역사회 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 원격동작관찰훈련이 상지 기능과 근 활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 2023년 8월부터 2024년 2월까지 대전광역시 소재의 재활병원에서 외래재활을 받지 않고 다른 기관에서도 치료를 계획하지 않은 대상자 6명을 실험군으로, 병원 내에서 외래재활치료를 받는 대상자 5명을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 실험군은 원격재활을 기반으로 한 원격동작관찰훈련을 하였고, 대조군은 실험군과 동일한 과제를 수행하는 외래재활치료를 진행하였다. 치료에 대한 중재는 1일 1회 30분, 주 3회, 총 4주간 실시하였고, 치료 중재 전과 후의 상지 기능을 측정하기 위해 ARAT 평가척도(Action Research Arm Test)와 MFT 평가척도(Manual Function Test)를 사용하였고, 근 활성도를 평가하기 위해 표면 근활성도 평가척도인 sEMG (Surface Electromyography)를 사용하였다. 결과 : 두 집단 각각의 중재 전과 후 결과 상지기능과 근 활성도 일부 항목에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p < 0.05), 중재 후 두 집단 간에서는 상지기능과 근 활성도에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p < 0.05). 결론 : 본 연구에서의 결과로 원격동작관찰훈련이 지역사회 만성 뇌졸중 환자에게 외래재활치료와 유사하게 기능 향상을 시킬 수 있는 중재방법이자, 접근성과 경제적인 이점이 있어 지역사회 만성 뇌졸중 환자에게는 효율적인 방법으로 제시될 수 있다.

Background: Balance disorder is a prevalent clinical manifestation following stroke, often causing considerable discomfort and gait disability. Various water-based therapeutic approaches have been developed to address balance and gait disorder. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of water-based gait training using auditory stimulation on balance and gait abilities in stroke patients. Methods: All subjects were randomly divided into three groups: water-based gait training using auditory stimulation group (WAG) (n = 24), water-based gait training group (WG) (n = 24), and control group (n = 22). Subjects in WAG and WG underwent water-based gait training for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. All Subjects were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait, motor function, and activity of daily living pre- and post-intervention. Results: Results showed that all outcome measures significantly improved post-intervention (p < 0.05). Additionally, WAG was found to significantly improve in Medical Research Council (MRC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test compared to WG, and WG showed significant differences compared to the control group in MRC and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) (p < 0.05). WAG exhibited significant differences in all areas except Modified Bathel Index (MBI) in the between-group comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that water-based gait training using auditory stimulation may be effective strategy to improve muscle strength, balance and gait ability for with stroke.

Background: Prolonged use of computers and mobile devices has contributed to postural abnormalities such as Rounded Shoulder Posture (RSP), which is characterized by muscle imbalances that can lead to pain and functional limitations. Correcting these imbalances through targeted stretching and strengthening exercises was expected to help improve postural alignment and muscle function. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week integrated exercise program targeting the pectoralis minor (PM), upper trapezius (UT), and lower trapezius (LT) on postural alignment and muscle activation in female adults with RSP. Design: Single-group pre-post test study. Methods: Eighteen female university students (aged 20–22 years) with RSP participated in a six-week intervention consisting of PM stretching, UT stretching, and LT strengthening exercises. RSP severity was assessed using acromion-to-ground distance, PM length was measured with a caliper, and surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to evaluate UT and LT muscle activity. Normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and paired t-tests were conducted for statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in all measured variables. Acromion-to-ground distance decreased (P<0.001), PM length increased (P<0.001), UT activation decreased (P<0.01), and LT activation increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: The six-week integrated exercise program effectively improved postural alignment and muscle activation in women with RSP by addressing muscle shortening, overactivity, and weakness. These findings suggest that combined stretching and strengthening exercises can serve as a practical and effective approach for RSP correction. Future studies with longer durations and diverse populations are recommended to further validate these results and enhance clinical applicability.

Background: In patients with low back pain (LBP), weakened core muscles and impaired proprioception contribute to decreased spinal stability and LBP recurrence. Objectives: To investigate the effects of abdominal bracing exercises (BE) and kinetic link training (BEKLT) on pain, balance, and proprioception in LBP patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Sixteen adults with LBP were randomly assigned to a BE group or a BEKLT group. Both groups completed a four-week intervention (three sessions per week). Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), proprioception with the lumbar reposition sense test, and balance with the BT4 system. Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in VAS and proprioception error (P<.05), with no inter-group differences. In dynamic balance (limits of stability), the BE group improved in rearward, left, and right angles, while the BEKLT group improved in forward, rearward, and left angles (P<.05). A significant difference was observed in the forward leaning angle between groups (P<.05). For static balance, both groups showed significant reductions in trace length and C90 area (P<.05), with no inter-group differences. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both BE and BEKLT are effective interventions for reducing pain and improving proprioception and balance in LBP, with BEKLT providing additional benefits for dynamic balance.

This study aimed to determine how 15 weeks of Tai Chi training affected attention and brain waves. Thirty-six university students (mean age = 24.27 years; SD = ±1.054) participated in this experiment. Participants practiced form postures from the first section of form 85 of the traditional Yang style of Tai Chi Chuan. The Frankfurt Attention Inventory (FAIR) was used to assess each participant’s level of attention. The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) power analysis demonstrated that participants in the Tai Chi group show higher SMR power than the control group. This study showed that Tai Chi Chuan increases theta and alpha waves by relaxing the body and mind, as well as through soft and slow movement and deep breathing. It reduces fast beta waves, which stabilizes the brain and improves attention. FAIR results showed that 15 weeks of Tai Chi training improved selective ability, control index, and persistence index. These findings suggested that Tai Chi is an exercise that helps improve attention.

Background: Treadmill training is an effective intervention method for improving the walking ability of stroke patients, and taping is effective for stabilizing joints. However, taping interventions have not been implemented during treadmill training. Objectives: To examine whether treadmill training with an elastic tape or treadmill training with a non-elastic tape could be more effective in stroke patients. Design: A single blinded, randomized, controlled, comparative study. Methods: 22 stroke patients were randomly allocated to two groups: the elastic group (treadmill gait training with ankle elastic tape on the paretic side) or the non-elastic group (treadmill gait training with non-elastic tape on the paretic side). All participants performed 60 min of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and treadmill training with an elastic tape or non-elastic tape for 20 min. Results: 10-meter walk test and timed up-and-go test results after training differed significantly from baseline in both groups (P<.05), but significantly larger gains were observed in the elastic group (10-meter walk test, -17.1%; timed up-and-go test, -18.49%; P<.05, respectively). Conclusion: Treadmill gait training with elastic tape on the affected ankle joint might be more effective at improving the walking and balancing abilities of stroke patients.

목적 : 본 연구는 시각장애인을 대상으로 디지털 점자 보조기기를 이용한 점자 훈련 프로그램을 적용하여 점자 촉지 수준 의 변화와 점자 관련 일상 활동에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 단일집단 사전-사후 비교 설계를 사용하였다. 서울과 강원 지역의 시각장애 관련 기관 2곳에서 모집 한 시각장애인 8명에게 8주간 점자 훈련 프로그램을 진행하였다. 점자 훈련 프로그램은 스마트폰에서 구동되는 점자 학습 앱과 블루투스로 연결된 디지털 점자 보조기기를 사용하였다. 점자 훈련은 주 1회 1시간 시행되었고 추가로 훈련일 제외 주 4일 반복 연습을 자율적으로 시행하도록 독려하였다. 점자 촉지 수준의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구에서 조작적 정의를 통해 계산한 촉지율과 점자 관련 일상 활동에서의 어려움 정도를 알아보기 위한 K-IPPA검사를 훈련 전, 후로 측정하여 결과를 비교하였다. 결과 : 대상자들은 훈련 프로그램 이후 촉지율이 평균 43%에서 98%로 향상되었고 K-IPPA검사로 측정한 점자 관련 일 상 활동의 어려움이 평균 18점에서 15점으로 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 디지털 점자 보조기기를 이용한 점자 훈련 프로그램은 자립적으로 점자 촉지를 향상시키는데 효과적이었으며, 추 후 국내 점자 교육과 관련한 제한점을 해결할 수 있는 적절한 대안이 될 것으로 생각된다.

Background: Most studies targeting stroke patients have confirmed improvements in balance and walking using immersive and non-immersive virtual reality training programs. However, to date, there are not many studies targeting brain activation enhancement for the two training programs. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a virtual reality training program on the EEG of stroke patients according to differences in immersion. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 20 stroke patients, with 10 in an immersive virtual reality training programs group (IVRG) and 10 in a non-virtual reality training programs group (NVRG) were randomly assigned to exercise three times a week for 6 weeks. EEG was measured for 2 minutes using DSI-24. Results: The intra-group difference in relative alpha waves of brain waves was not significant for both groups, and the between-group difference was not significant. Differences in EEG relative beta waves in the experiment group were significant in the Fp1, Fp2, Cz, C3, C4, P3, and O2 in the experiment group, and significant in the Cz and O2 in the control group. As a result of comparing the differences between each group before and after, there was a significant difference in the Fp1 area. Conclusion: Virtual reality training programs based on differences in immersion were found to have a positive effect on EEG. Therefore, it is believed that a virtual reality training program based on differences in immersion can be provided as a clinical intervention method for EEG.

목적 : 본 연구는 시뮬레이터 훈련이 척수손상 환자의 운전시뮬레이터 도로 주행시간과 주행조작 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 단일사례실험연구 AB설계로 진행되었으며, 기초선 3회기, 중재기 10회기를 적용하였다. 기초선 3회, 중재기 5회 도로주행코스(중급) 수행 시 운전시간, 주행조작 능력 자료가 수집되었으며, 연구결과 분석을 위하여 시각적 분석 방법과 평균 ±2*표준 편차를 사용한 양적 분석을 동시에 사용하였다. 결과 : 연구대상자 3명의 총 주행시간은 기초선 A보다 중재기 B에서 3분 내외의 감소하였고, 세 명 모두에서 통계학적으 로 의미있는 주행 능력의 향상이 확인되었다. 주행조작능력 또한 오류 점수가 감소하였고, 첫 번째 참여자와 세 번째 참 여자의 경우 그 변화가 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 연구대상자의 총 주행시간 및 수행 오류의 감소가 확인되어 운전시뮬레이터 훈련의 효과가 있었다. 이 와 같은 결과는 운전시뮬레이터 훈련의 적용 가능성을 뒷받침 한다.

Background: As ways to optimize the mobilization of postural stability muscles for sitting up motions, arm reaching motions and head raising motions have important effects. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of reaching to sit-up training on the trunk muscle activity, postural ability, and balance ability of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study was conducted with 18 stroke patients who met the selection criteria divided into two groups: a study group of 9 patents and a control group of 9 patients. The study group carried out reaching to sit-up training, which can promote trunk muscles and improve control through trunk interactions. The control group received general physical therapy intervention Results: The activity of the trunk muscle was significantly different before and after intervention in study and control group. The functional reaching test showed significant changes in both the study group and the control group. The timed up and go test showed a significant change in the study group. Conclusion: Reaching to sit-up training for 4 weeks showed increases in trunk muscle activity in stroke patients and was effective in improving balance ability.

Background: ErigoPro enables acute stroke patients to carry out stable weight-bearing training with gradual verticalization. Study on the effectiveness of robotic assisted treatment equipment for chronic patients is insufficient. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of dynamic vertical posture training using ErigoPro on trunk alignment and balance in chronic stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 patients were randomly assigned to a study group of 15 patients and a control group of 15 patients. The study intervention was carried out for 50 minutes per day consisting of 30 minutes of general neuro-physiotherapy and 20 minutes of ErogoPro training, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Results: The study group showed difference in trunk inclination (P<.05), kyphotic angle (P<.05), lateral deviation of the spine (P<.05), thoracic angle (P<.01), timed up and go test (P<.01), Berg balance score (P<.01). There was a significant difference between the groups in the trunk inclination (P<.05), timed up and go test (P<.01), Berg balance score (P<.05). Conclusion: It could be seen that the treatment combined with ErigoPro training for 8 weeks was effective in restoring trunk alignment and improving balance ability in chronic stroke patients.

This study examined effects of pronunciation training using automatic speech recognition technology on common pronunciation errors of Korean English learners. Participants were divided into two groups. One group was given instruction and training about the use of automatic speech recognition for pronunciation practice. The other group was not given such instruction or training as a control group. A pre- and post-test experimental design was used. The treatment period was four weeks. Participants who were taught about using automatic speech recognition for pronunciation practice showed small but significant improvements in pronunciation accuracy than those who did not. In addition, automatic speech recognition was found to assist in the diagnostic evaluation of common pronunciation errors, although it did not produce statistically significant improvements. Participants responded positively to the use of automatic speech recognition for pronunciation practice and testing, although there remain some concerns over technical aspects of the test.

Background: A weight-bearing jacket during treadmill gait training is being used for rehabilitation in stroke patients. However, the effect on various gait parameters has not been confirmed. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of exercise intensity through speed increase and weight-bearing jacket during treadmill gait training to restore gait ability in stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trials. Methods: This study recruited 24 stroke patients. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (wearing a weight-bearing jacket during treadmill gait training, n=12) and the control group (speed increase during treadmill gait training, n=12). Gait measurement device (G-walk) was used to measure the gait parameters of the subjects. Results: Both the experimental group and control group showed a significant increase in cadence, gait speed, stride length, and gait symmetry index post intervention (P<.05). In comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the gait symmetry index post the intervention than the control group (P<.05). Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that wearing a weight-bearing jacket was a more effective method for improving the gait symmetry index than increasing speed during treadmill gait training in stroke patients.

The army is concerned about the decrease in enlistment resources due to the low birth rate and the weakening of military combat power due to the shortening of the military service period. Now, the military's quantitative growth is no longer limited and it is a time for qualitative growth. To this end, the Army has been applying the Israeli learning method Havruta to recruit training to improve the quality of training since 2019. After applying Havruta, several scholars have studied the effect of recruit training applying Havruta. As a result, it was verified that recruit training applying Havruta improves the inner motive, creativity, and military service value of trainees. This study investigated how trainees' inner motive, creativity, and military service value affect their satisfaction and achievement. In addition, it was studied whether the effect of recruit training applied with Havruta on achievement differs according to the educational background (high school graduate or higher) and military family (professional soldiers within 4th degree) of the trainees. To this end, a survey was conducted on 472 recruits, and the structural relationship between each variable and the moderating effect were analyzed using the structural equation model. As a result of the study, military service value did not affect training satisfaction. Also, there was a difference in the effect of creativity on training satisfaction according to the educational background of new recruits, and there was a difference in the effect of military service value on training satisfaction and training achievement according to military family members. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the army's recruit training development plan and effective training system.

목적 : 본 연구는 일상생활활동 훈련프로그램을 적용하여 엉덩관절치환술 환자의 일상생활 수행 능력과 작 업치료 인식도 및 만족도에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 엉덩관절치환술을 받은 노인 40명(실험군 20명, 대조군 20명)이었고, 연구 설계는 비동등성 대조군 전후시차 설계를 적용하였다. 중재는 주 5회 30분씩, 4주간, 총 20회기를 실시하였다. 결과 : 일상생활활동 훈련프로그램 실험군은 일상생활활동 비디오 시청 대조군과 비교하여 일상생활 수행 능력과 작업치료 인식도 및 만족도에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 결론 : 본 연구의 일상생활활동 훈련프로그램은 엉덩관절치환술을 받은 노인들의 일상생활 수행 능력과 작 업치료 인식도 및 만족도를 향상시키어 작업치료의 전문성과 가치를 높였다. 이에 엉덩관절치환술 환자 의 재활을 위한 작업치료 중재 프로그램으로 제안하는 바이다.

이 연구는 중학교 야구선수를 대상으로 8주간의 케틀벨 훈련이 기능적 움직임 및 균형성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 중학교 야구선수 14명을 케틀벨 집단(n=8), 통제 집단(n=6)으로 무 작위 배정한 후 케틀벨 훈련을 주 2회, 60분간 실시하였다. 그리고, 훈련 전과 8주 훈련 후 FMS, Y-밸 런스 테스트 및 스마트 슈즈를 이용하여 정적, 동적 균형성을 검사하였다. 케틀벨 훈련 효과를 검증하기 위해 반복이원변량분석을 실시하였고, 시기와 집단 간 상호작용이 있을 경우 집단 별로 대응표본 t-검 정을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, FMS 점수는 IL(Inline Lunge)과 FMS 총점(TS)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났 으며, FMS의 다른 변인에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. YBT 점수는 왼쪽 AT를 제외한 모든 YBT변인에 서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 Smart shoes를 이용한 균형성 검사에서는 모든 변인에서 집단과 시기 간 유의한 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 중학교 야구선수의 케틀벨 훈련 적용은 기능적 움직임과 기능적 균형성과 관련된 FMS 및 YBT 점수에는 효과가 있었지만, 족압분포로 평가하는 Smart Shoes를 사용한 정적/동적 균형성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과들은 중학 교 야구선수의 훈련 프로그램 작성에 필요한 기초자료로 제공될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.