Background: Most patients with chronic stroke have difficulty walking, and various exercise methods are used clinically to improve the disability. Among them, various methods are being applied to improve walking through torso movement. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of Maitland vertebra joint mobilization exercise and Evjenth trunk muscle stretching exercise on the walking ability of patients with hemiparesis due to chronic stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: In this study, 30 chronic stroke patients with hemiplegia were divided into 15 patients in the Maitland vertebra joint mobilization group (MVJMG) and 15 in the Evjenth trunk muscle stretching exercise group (ETMSEG), and the intervention was conducted for 3 weeks, 5 times a week, 30 minutes a day. After the intervention, walking ability was measured using a gait analyzer. Results: In terms of walking ability, there was a significant increase in walking rate, walking speed, and stride length following the intervention in both the MVJMG and ETMSEG groups (P<.05). When comparing the difference in walking ability between the two groups, there was no significant difference in walking rate. Conclusion: The study found that both Maitland vertebra joint mobilization and Evjenth trunk muscle stretching exercises were effective for improving walking function in chronic stroke patients. However, there was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two interventions.

Background: Treadmill training is an effective intervention method for improving the walking ability of stroke patients, and taping is effective for stabilizing joints. However, taping interventions have not been implemented during treadmill training. Objectives: To examine whether treadmill training with an elastic tape or treadmill training with a non-elastic tape could be more effective in stroke patients. Design: A single blinded, randomized, controlled, comparative study. Methods: 22 stroke patients were randomly allocated to two groups: the elastic group (treadmill gait training with ankle elastic tape on the paretic side) or the non-elastic group (treadmill gait training with non-elastic tape on the paretic side). All participants performed 60 min of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and treadmill training with an elastic tape or non-elastic tape for 20 min. Results: 10-meter walk test and timed up-and-go test results after training differed significantly from baseline in both groups (P<.05), but significantly larger gains were observed in the elastic group (10-meter walk test, -17.1%; timed up-and-go test, -18.49%; P<.05, respectively). Conclusion: Treadmill gait training with elastic tape on the affected ankle joint might be more effective at improving the walking and balancing abilities of stroke patients.

본 연구는 공원별 유치거리를 기준으로 보행자가 도달할 수 있는 거리에 따른 서비스 면적 값을 통하여 공원별 접근성 분석을 하고자 한다. 공원별 서비스 면적 값의 도출을 위하여 첫째, 연령 계층의 분류와 보행속도 평균값을 도출하였다. 둘째, 전주시 도보 네트워크를 구축하였다. 셋째, 구축된 도보 네트워 크에 보행 저항요인 중 경사도와 보행 저항성 식을 입력하여 저항요인을 포함한 도보 네트워크를 구축 하였다. 위 데이터들을 기반으로 네트워크 분석을 통해 연령 계층별 속도를 고려한 서비스 면적, 보행 저항요인을 고려한 서비스 면적을 도출하였다. 형성된 서비스 면적간의 뚜렷한 값의 차이를 보여주기 위해 법정 유치거리에 의한 서비스 면적을 기준으로 비율로 수치화하여 비교하였다. 분석결과 보행 저항요인이 고려되지 않은 네트워크에서 청․장년층의 경우 유치거리에 의한 서비스 면적보다 최소 –4.1%, 최대 –53.4%의 감소율을 나타낸다. 고령층의 경우 보행 저항요인이 고려되지 않은 네트워크에 서 최소 –23.9%, 최대 –69.4%라는 큰 격차의 서비스 면적 감소율이 분석되었다. 또한 청·장년층과 고령 층 모두 저항요인이 고려된 네트워크에서 나타나는 서비스 면적은 저항요인을 고려하지 않았을 때 보 다 약 2~3%의 면적이 감소함을 보였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 기존의 설정된 법정 유치거리는 연령 계층, 보행 저항요인 등 다양한 변수를 고려하지 않은 직선거리만의 평균값이며, 기존의 제도적 장치 를 지속해서 사용한다면 서비스 면적의 감소율은 연령 계층과 시간의 흐름에 따라 증가 할 것이다. 본 연구는 기존 산정된 법정 유치거리를 기준으로 연령계층과 보행 저항요인의 고려를 통해 유지되어 왔 던 제도적 장치가 변화가 필요하다는 점을 시각화하고 수치화 하는데 의의가 있다.

오늘날 우리는 세계기독교와 후기식민주의적 선교의 시대에 살고 있다. 이 글은 이러한 시대에 맞는 협력 선교의 새로운 접근으로 “우정과 동행의 선교”를 제안한다. 이것은 협력 선교의 형제/자매애를 강조하는 접근이다. 우정과 동행의 선교는 2015년에 가톨릭 선교의 새로운 방향으로 제시되었던 “시노달리타스(동행)”의 선교를 신학적 근거로 삼는다. 이어서 이 글은 우정과 동행의 선교의 구체적인 여정으로 1. 함께 열린 대화하기, 2. 자원/경험을 함께 나누기, 3. 함께 세상을 향하여 증거하기의 세 단계로 제안하였다. 마지막으로, 우정과 동행의 선교가 구체적으로 개인적 삶에 어떻게 구현될 수 있는지를 설명하기 위해서 개인적인 우정의 선교 이야기를 세 가지 사례로 제시하였다.

The walking-stick insects, Ramulus mikado, are outbreaks in several mountainous areas from 2020 to 2022. In recent, some population of the insect are showed rapidly decline in their abundance, while some of them are still maintained high population density. In worldwide, insects belonging to Phasmida are reported to outbreak in their habitats as mentioned above environments, but knowledge about outbreak pattern of the walking-stick insects is still lacking. In this study, we aimed which biological and environmental factors are related to wax and wane of the insect population. From 2022 to 2023, we studied host tree preferences in natural conditions, ecological stoichiometry in major host trees, overwintering ecology of R. mikado eggs, and infection rate by entomophathogenic fungi during growing season.

Degenerative arthritis is a common joint disease that affects many elderly people and is typically diagnosed through radiography. However, the need for remote diagnosis is increasing because knee pain and walking disorders caused by degenerative arthritis make face-to-face treatment difficult. This study collects three-dimensional joint coordinates in real time using Azure Kinect DK and calculates 6 gait features through visualization and one-way ANOVA verification. The random forest classifier, trained with these characteristics, classified degenerative arthritis with an accuracy of 97.52%, and the model's basis for classification was identified through classification algorithm by features. Overall, this study not only compensated for the shortcomings of existing diagnostic methods, but also constructed a high-accuracy prediction model using statistically verified gait features and provided detailed prediction results.

Background: The elderly population is increasing rapidly worldwide. Muscle mass, usual walking speed (UWS), knee extension strength (KES), hand grip strength (HGS), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and depression is used for sarcopenia diagnosis. All four of these factors (KES, HGS, PEF, and depression) correlated with UWS and also to muscle mass. But, many studies have suggested that no correlation exists between muscle mass and UWS. Objects: This study aimed: 1) to investigate whether muscle mass reduction affected UWS, as mediated by KES, HGS, PEF and depression, and 2) to explored whether significant changes in these mediators varied by the body segment in which muscle mass evaluated in elderly female aged 65–80 years. Methods: A total of 100 female aged 65–80 years were surveyed. Muscle mass was measured by body segment (upper and lower segment), and KES, HGS, PEF, depression, and UWS were also assessed. Median analyses were progressed in IBM SPSS software (ver. 23.0, IBM Co.) using a downloaded INDIRECT macro. Results: The direct effect of the KES and PEF were significant, and the indirect effect of KES and PEF were not significant. Thus, KES and PEF served as full mediators of the effect of muscle mass on UWS. Regardless of bodily region, KES and PEF combined with muscle mass were significant mediators of UWS, with similar indirect effect sizes. Conclusion: KES and PEF are the only mediators regardless of body part. Therefore, mediating the KES and PEF may prevent sarcopenia progression in elderly female. Also, sarcopenia can be readily assessed by evaluating either the upper or lower body; it is not necessary to measure total muscle mass.

Consumer studies mainly take a cross-sectional approach to understand leisure and home consumption. This paper takes the mundane workplace as a unit of consumption and adopts a processual view to understand what and how cultural capital for impression management is acquired and changes over career trajectories. Integrating the theories of Goffman (1959) and Bourdieu (1977; 1984; 1990), the study explores how embodied habitual practices (habitus) enables and shapes impression management to build desirable work identity (Hallett, 2003). The walking-with interviews are used to seek conversations with senior executives in Hong Kong along their work routes. It proves to be a proficient approach and data collection technique to explore mundane consumption practices where knowledge is incorporated with people’s competence and artefacts (Mak, Lai, Tsaousi, & Davies, 2022). Among different resources for impression management, dining knowledge emerged as a significant cultural practices for performative self and building up of social capital.

This study aimed to build on past findings about differences in personal walking experiences by demonstrating what elements were beneficial to participants with different walking habits. Accordingly, this study established the relationships between valued walking elements and people’s motivation to walk, by dividing participants into three groups: Group W for people with a walking habit, Group HW for people who walk occasionally but not regularly, and Group NW for people who do not walk habitually. Participants walked a familiar and an unfamiliar route with a wearable device that recorded their heart-rate variability and electrodermal activity. Changes in the biometric data helped to identify the defining moments in each participant’s walk. Participants discussed these moments in one-on-one interviews with a researcher to pinpoint their valued walking elements. As a result, this study classified walking elements into six themes: “Surroundings,” “Social,” “Exploration,” “Route Plan,” “Physical Exercise,” and “Mental Thinking.” A walking habit development model was made to show how “Route Plan” and “Exploration” were beneficial to Group NW, “Social” and “Surroundings” were beneficial to Group HW, and “Route Plan,” “Mental Thinking,” and “Physical Exercise” were beneficial to Group W.

목적: 본 논문의 목적은 연구 문헌 중 요통 환자에게 보행운동을 적용한 무작위 대조군 실험설계를 메타 분석을 하여 통증과 장애지수에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 논문은 다음 데이터베이스에서 검색하였다: Google scholar, PubMed, Sciencedirect, KISS, RISS, NDSL. 지난 10년간 영어나 한국어로 된 논문 중, 요통이 있는 환자들이 보행운동을 하였을 때, 통증과 장애지 수를 연구한 논문들을 검색하였다. 이 논문에는 (1) 요통이 있는 환자, (2) 중재에는 보행운동이 포함되며, (3) 평가 지표에는 통증과 장애지수가 포함되었다. 최종 결과로 35개의 논문을 확인하였고, 그중 15개의 논문이 충족되었다. 결과: 본 논문은 요통 환자를 대상으로 보행운동을 중재로 주었을 경우의 논문 15편을 최종적으로 선정하 였고 분석하였다. 통증과 장애지수와 관련되어 각각 12개의 논문을 분석하였다. 통증과 관련된 12개의 논문의 효과 크기는 중간의 효과 크기나 나타났고, 장애지수와 관련된 12개의 논문의 작은 효과 크기가 있었다. 결론: 보행운동은 요통 환자들의 통증을 감소시키고 장애지수를 줄이는데 유의미한 효과가 있다. 따라서 보 행운동은 요통을 지닌 사람들에게 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구의 목적은 12주간 수중걷기운동이 비만 노인 여성의 신체조성, hs-CRP, HOMAIR 및 혈압에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 체지방률 30% 이상인 비만 노인 여성 중 운 동군(10명), 대조군(10명)으로 총 20명으로 실시하였으며, 모든 검사항목은 동일한 방법과 조건으로 신 체조성, hs-CRP, HOMA-IR 및 혈압을 사전, 사후 총 2회 측정하였다. 수중걷기운동은 12주간, 주 3 회, 1회 50분, RPE 11-14 강도로 실시하였다. 측정변인에 대해 평균값과 표준편차(M±SD)를 산출한 후 사전 운동군과 대조군의 신체적 특성과 각 측정변인에 대한 동질성 검정을 위하여 독립 t-test를, 집 단 내의 사전·사후 평균치 변화에 대한 차이 검증은 종속 t-test를, 집단 간 차이에 대한 주효과 검정 및 집단 간 시기 간 상호작용 효과는 반복측정 분산분석을 이용하였다. 본 연구결과 운동군에서 신체조성, 체지방률(p<.05), 인슐린(p<.01), HOMA-IR(p<.01) 및 수축기 혈압(p<.05)이 유의하게 감소하였다. 따 라서 수중걷기운동이 비만 노인 여성의 비만 및 심혈관질환의 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

Background: It is Difficult for older adults to avoid a decreased in pulmonary functions caused by aging, and these reduced functions have been shown to affect not only the quality of life, but also the rate of disease and mortality. Although massage therapy is generally applied as a treatment method for improving the musculoskeletal system, massage is also studied as a potential intervention for lung function as a complementary treatment method. Objectives: To determine the effects of massage and relaxation breathing exercise applied after a low-intensity walking exercise on pulmonary functions in older individuals. Design: Quaxi-experiment study. Methods: Twelve day care elderly were divided into a massage group (n=6) and a relaxation breathing exercise group (n=6). After performing low-intensity walking exercise twice for 7 weeks, massage intervention and relaxation breathing exercise intervention were performed, respectively. PEF, FEV1, and FVC were measured by performing lung function tests pre- and post the intervention. Results: As a result of this study, PEF and FVC were significantly increased in the pre- and post-group comparison of MG, and there was no significant difference in FEV1. There were no significant differences in all variables in the pre-post comparison of RBEG within groups. There was no significant difference in all variables in the comparison between the two groups on the intervention results. Conclusion: To conclude, pulmonary functions in older adults increased significantly after the massage intervention, although no significant difference was found in comparison to intervention with relaxation breathing exercise.

Background: Women patients who have undergone high tibial osteotomy need management to control walking and balance and to enable functional daily life. In that way, land-based physical therapy and aquatic physical therapy were performed. Objectives: To investigated the effect of land-based and aquatic physical therapy on the balance and walking of women who had undergone high tibial osteotomy. Design: Randomized control trial. Methods: In all, this randomized controlled trial enrolled 21 patients with high tibial osteotomy who received land-based physical therapy (LP, n=7), aquatic physical therapy (AP, n=7), and land-based and aquatic physical therapy (LAP, n=7). Single-leg standing balance, 10-m walk test, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS-12) scores were. The intervention period was 3 days per week for 6 weeks. Results: One-leg standing balance and 10-m walk test increased statistically, and KOOS-12 score also increased statistically. All three groups have improved. As a result, the variable changes were compared in three groups, and although there was no significant difference between the land-based and aquatic physical therapy groups, the land-based and aquatic physical therapy combined programs improved further than the previous two groups. Conclusion: The balance and walking of female patients with high tibial osteotomy were found to have been very effective in land physical therapy and aquatic physical therapy. In addition, the land-based and aquatic physical therapy combination program can improve balance and walking more effectively.

Background: Although several studies have reported functional improvements after forward walking training on a treadmill and after backward walking training on a treadmill, there is a lack of immediate effects data, investigating spatiotemporal parameter, neuromuscular recruitment. Objectives: To compare the immediate effects between forward and backward walking on treadmill training, present study measured muscle activities of the lower extremity, gait parameters, and dynamic balance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The twenty-four asymptomatic young male subjects were participated in this study. Subjects have performed 15-min of forward and backward walking on treadmill. Before and after treadmill walking, the gait parameters were measured with the GAITRite. The dynamic balance abilities were assessed with the Y-balance test. Muscular activities were collected from the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris during forward and backward walking. Results: Muscular activities of the biceps femoris and tibialis anterior were significantly different between forward and backward walking conditions, which were higher with the backward walking (P<.05). Compared to the pre-measurement, the normalized dynamic balance composite score of the post-measurement was significantly higher with the backward walking (P<.05). Regardless of the treadmill training method, there were no significant differences between pre and post measurement, both the stride length and step length (P>.05). Conclusion: The performing backward walking training has positive effects for dynamic balance.

목적 : 본 연구는 일상생활활동 훈련프로그램을 적용하여 엉덩관절치환술 환자의 일상생활 수행 능력과 작 업치료 인식도 및 만족도에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 엉덩관절치환술을 받은 노인 40명(실험군 20명, 대조군 20명)이었고, 연구 설계는 비동등성 대조군 전후시차 설계를 적용하였다. 중재는 주 5회 30분씩, 4주간, 총 20회기를 실시하였다. 결과 : 일상생활활동 훈련프로그램 실험군은 일상생활활동 비디오 시청 대조군과 비교하여 일상생활 수행 능력과 작업치료 인식도 및 만족도에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 결론 : 본 연구의 일상생활활동 훈련프로그램은 엉덩관절치환술을 받은 노인들의 일상생활 수행 능력과 작 업치료 인식도 및 만족도를 향상시키어 작업치료의 전문성과 가치를 높였다. 이에 엉덩관절치환술 환자 의 재활을 위한 작업치료 중재 프로그램으로 제안하는 바이다.

본 연구는 제도적 이중성(institutional duality)의 관점에서 해외 자회사 자율성의 선행 요인 과 그 성과에 대해 연구하였다. 해외 자회사의 자율성은 자회사가 본사의 영향을 받지 않고 전략적 의사결정을 하고 그 성과에 책임을 질 수 있는 역할을 의미한다. 경영상 본사에서 파생되었으나 물 리적으로 해외에 자리하는 해외 자회사의 자율성에 상반된 영향을 주는 본국과 현지국의 제도적 요 소는 본사의 국제화전략 지향성과 지역 이해관계자 요구이다. 해외 자회사가 직면하게 되는 이러한 상반된 제도적 환경의 자율성에의 효과를 살펴보기 위해, 19개 국가에 진출한 177개 한국기업 해 외 자회사를 대상으로 GLS 분석을 실시하였다. 본사의 국제화전략이 범세계적 통합보다 현지국에 서의 지역별 대응을 지향할수록, 또 지역 이해관계자들의 요구가 강할수록 해외 자회사의 자율성이 높아지는 것으로 분석결과는 나타났다. 해외 자회사들의 자율성이 높을수록 자회사는 해당 지역 이 해관계자 들과의 긴밀한 관계를 통해 필요한 자원을 획득하고 본사로부터 제공된 자원과의 적절한 융합을 통해 자회사만의 독특한 경쟁우위를 창출하며 이것이 종국에 기업 성과를 상승시키는 것으 로 분석결과는 보여주고 있다. 또한, 본사의 국제화전략이 현지국에서의 지역별 대응을 지향할수록 자회사 자율성이 자회사 성과에 미치는 긍정적인 영향력을 강화하는 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 나타 나고 있다. 더 나아가, 자회사 자율성은 지역 이해관계자들의 요구가 자회사 성과로 이어지는 데에 부분 매개의 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 다국적 기업의 본사는 해외 자회사의 운영에 있어 지역별 유연성을 발휘할 필요가 있고, 해외 자회사 또한 본사와 현지국 양 편에서 오 는 제도적 압력의 균형점을 찾기 위해 노력할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.