This study is on the evaluation of Chinese letters in Middle School based on the 7th Curriculum. This consists of two parts, which are about the theories and models of making evaluation items and analysis of the items, First, we have to master the theories of the evaluation and practice by making a lot of items to make good evaluation items, The theories of objective test are as follows. If it is a question of the concept of a word, you have to ask the concept and you have to present 5 choices that explain the word. Also the right answer must be very plausible. If there is any logical order among the choices, we have to arrange them in logical order. And we have to ask a question with a positive sentence. if possible. The evaluation of Affective Domain is to estimate the degree of the accomplishment of learning objectives in Affective Domain: cooperation, responsibility, law observance, and the sense of self, and interests, belief, values, attitude and so on . Usually observance method is used in Affective Domain evaluation. The process of attaining an item has 5steps : recognition, response, value, organization, and personification by Bloom`s theory. Performance assessment is to evaluate the ability of using one`s knowledge and skills in various actual situations. It has many kinds of methods. They are predicative evaluation. orihect, misreading analysis method, portfolio, thought-note method, and cyber evaluation through computers. Second, this part is on the analysis of evaluation items. To analysis evaluation items precisely, we must know fully the following theories: validity, reliability, objectivity, difficulty, discrimination and so on. Also we can examine an item`s difficulty. the degree of the attraction of a wrong answer and the degree of negative discrimination between items with a computer examination-analysis program. In the analysis of the evaluation items in Affective Domain and Performance Assessment, it is important to get Local Item Dependence, that is the success of one item can influence the success of another item. Evaluation has a large part of learning. Consequently, we have to make a lot of studies and efforts about the development of Affective Domain evaluation and Performance Assessment besides objective test.

For the first Maritime Accident Inquiry System in Korea, Central Marine Accidents Inquiry Committee were founded in Seoul and District Marine Accidents Inquiry Committee in Busan city In 1963 to determine the circumstances of the accidents and causes. At the present day, it was settled as Maritime Safety Tribunal tough several revision of the Law and regulations regarding the Maritime Accident Inquiry System. In Korea, there occurred about m cases of marine accident, and as a result, about 200 people were lost human lives in average per year. In accordance with the change of circumstances such as traffic increasing and being bigger in size, being faster in speed, etc., the causes of the marine accidents become complicated year by year. Accordingly, in this moment, it is meaningful that the introduction of the Research Official who assists the Judges probing the cases fair and square. In this Paper, with the consideration of the several kinds of Research Official System, such as the Research Official of the Korean Supreme Court, the Supreme Public Prosecutors' Office and the Constitutional Court, Japanese Supreme Court, Law Clerk in USA, etc., the selection, numbers, duty of the Research Official were studied. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The Research Official to be appointed among the person having long enough career as a Judge, Investigator engaged in the Maritime Safety Tribunal due to he sho띨d have capability to confirm perfectly logical judgement and to collect enough material for the conclusion of the causes of the case. The one who understands the foreign language is preferred for the study of the foreign cases; 2. It will be logical to post 3 joint Research Officials in Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal in Seoul after due consideration the cases treated a year; 3. It will be logical for the Research Official to perform the collection of material and inspection of the scene for the trial and inquiry of the cases, to attend the cases filed suit to the Supreme Court, to make commentarial papers regarding the judged cases, to collect statistics of marine accidents and to devise a reform measure through in-depth analysis of the accidents frequently occurred, to study for the improvement of the Maritime Accident Inquiry System;

Government is willing to abolish half of whole administration regulations and put emphasis to improve them. There was criticism that taper by bureaucracies' form and interest group's repulsion does not reach here upon in spite of these result. Therefore, need to ready diversified regulation adaptation administration countermeasure so that can observe because propel regulation innovation until now continuously and people, corporation, public official understand definitely contents of regulation. Contents of question regulation awareness about regulation adaptation and degree. On the basis of Question investigation about persons concerned of leisure safety law and wish to grasp observance degree, and produce synthetic Contents and field conformity degree, and draw solution plan of reformable item in leisure safety law and present development direction of leisure safety law.

A law of Korean product liability was enforced on 1st in July for 2002 years. Although it is later than the United States in 25 years, and more later than Japan in 7 years, it have been welcomed a new chances promoting the preservation of consumer"s safety and increasing business compactability toward the small and medium size enterprises. Up to now, The a large enterprise, which have concentrated in export of an advanced country, have already the resistant power against the law of Korean product liability, but the Korean medium and small-sized enterprises were concentrated mainly a domestic market or subcontracting business of a major big company. Relatively very week positions on this Low. If They cannot supply the most safest product in the market, then Those enterprise are confronting the difficulty for surviving. Now the product safety has become more important role to the small and medium size company. Therefore, this paper offered the object and the direction how the company must carry out measures on this product design stage applying safe engineering and Ergonomic Technology for the achieving ongoing development and progress of small ann medium size industry in Korea.

In this research, we investigate the countermeasure of Product Liability through existing research or books for reference about PL and ISO 9000:2000 quality management system. And we analyze relation between PL system and ISO 9000:2000 Quality Management System after compare ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9000:1994. base on this analysis, we integrate the Quality Management System of company and an important factor of PL system in accordance with the product liability law. So we present a general improvable scheme of ISO 9000:2000 quality management system that reduces overlap of quality business and utilize efficiently.

Since sustenance and abolition of death penalty system have an argument about the world view, we cannot conclude which one is right. The death penalty system can be changed by the age and situation. In Korea, the death penalty system is based on the situation of its application and Korean people's mind of law. So we should investigate the death penalty system in terms of fluctuating the two factors. In the first stage, the death penalty system has to be reformed with respect to reduction of the death penalty regulation, establishment of the criteria in death penalty application, and elaboration of criminal suit procedures. In the second stage, the system of death penalty suspension should be introduced as a transitional one to abolish death penalty. This is the necessary system from the viewpoint of humanism and criminal policy. It is also essential to avoid misjudgement. This system has a five-year deferral period, in which after five-year suspension, we will determine whether death penalty is executed or penal servitude for life is served. In the final stage, when it is legally convinced that people in Korea reach a consensus to abolish death penalty, we should introduce special penal servitude for life, which is more strict than the present penal servitude for life. Moreover, we should reform regulations of criminal law to be able to assign penal servtude for life as well as special one to criminals.

An elliptical accretion disk may be formed by tidally disrupted debris of a flying-by star in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or by tidal perturbation due to a companion in a binary black hole system. We investigate the iron Kα line profiles expecting from a geometrically thin, relativistic, elliptical disk in terms of model parameters, and find that a broad and skewed line profile can be reproduced well. Its shape is variable to the model parameters, such as, the emissivity power-law index, the ellipticity of the disk, and the major axis orientation of the elliptical accretion disk. We suggest that our results may be useful to search for such an elliptical disk and consequently the tidal disruption event.

In recent years, police and correctional agencies in USA have formed a variety of partnerships in which their staff collaborate to share information or jointly perform services in ways that benefit both agencies. The police-corrections partnerships developed in the context of reforms that were intended to alter in fundamental ways the manner in which policing and corrections are performed. In law enforce, the most common such reform is community policing. In corrections, emerging reform models are termed community justice or community probation. It seems more and more apparent that the police alone cannot solve many crime and order problems, but that in partnership with others who have resources of their own to offer -- time, money, expertise, ideas, energy, equipment, and more -- perhaps they can. It has become for innovative police departments to invest a good deal of effort in enlisting the aid of others, and to tackle problems by allying police resources and strengths with those of others. One resource seldom tapped by police agencies remains the local correction department. Perhaps as a result of interdepartmental rivalry or a perceived conflicts of missions, many police departments have little, if any, contact or communication with the correction department serving the same jurisdiction. This paper seggests Police-Corrections Meeting Programs, Notification System Appointing liaison officers, Ride-Along Program, Cooperative safety effort involving police officers and probation officers, Variation of community service order, Corrections personnel's participation of Citizen Police Academies, Communication of police-correction volunteer, Cooperative law enforcement.

When examining existing theories of crime, we are led to an agreement that crime is eventually private as well as public evil. However this conclusion may neglect a possibility that whoever lives his life as a good citizen under the constraint of law in a nation-state may someday find himself to be a criminal. Crime is not just a problem caused by a special kind of man. Even if we can tell criminal activities as delinquent, it is not unreasonable that they are not abnormal. Based on the assumption that a few special persons commit crimes, so far most literatures on crime tend to concentrate on either some properties of criminals or the relation between environmental and human factors. Circumscribed by its narrow presupposition, criminology cannot but provide the crippled power of explanation over the ocean of criminal cases in reality. If we admit crime is a normal phenomenon of everyday social routine, it may be more profitable for the future studies of correction to focus on the question of how to defend our society from criminal delinquencies in practice than to make efforts in making conflictive arguments in theory. Also how to rehabilitate criminal victims who have been excluded from the process of criminal justice should be stressed as a main theme in light of criminal policies. In consideration of these problematics, this study tries to show the future direction of correction policies. Chapter 2 explains the existing theories and groups them into two families according to their analytic dimensions. Classifying the theories of innate or inherent criminality as of 'personal level causes,' I call the theories of socio-environmental factors as of 'social level causes.' In chapter 3, I examine both the existing theories on crime and some problems in the current corrective system with a critical viewpoint. In chapter 4, I want to present a few alternatives for the future direction of correction. These alternatives include the cooperation and coordination between criminal justice agencies, reparation for criminal victims, and the introduction of private jails or penitentiaries. In this article, I argue we should concentrate our attention rather on correcting offenders individually by changing their relations with structural factors than on searching for the more evident causes of crime. In terms of improvement I also propose some measures such as the introduction of governmental indemnification for the whole society as well as individuals directly victimized by crimes and the prisoners' reimbursement system for their own penitentiary costs. We are so deeply accustomed to the rational and mechanical type of assumption that we cannot be readily accept the critical review developed in this study. However we explore the causes of crime to improve our society in practice. If we accept this ultimate purpose of criminological studies, it cannot be denied the importance of practical efforts to enhance the efficiency of corrective policies as well as to realize common good for all the people pertinent to the social phenomena of crime including offenders as the objects of correction, victims, law enforcing agencies and even tax payers who want social security.

This paper concerns with the relationship between the visual perception of the degree of pucker or wrinkles of garment surfaces and the geometrical parameters of surfaces. In this study, four potentially relevant parameters of the surface profile are considered, namely, the variance (σ2), the cutting frequency (Fc), the effective disparity curvature (Dce) (Defined as the average disparity curvature of the wrinkled surface over the eyeball distance of the observer) and the frequency component of the disparity curvature ( Dcf). Based on the experiments using garment seams having varying degree of pucker (i.e. the wrinkles along a seam line), it was found that, while the logarithm of each of these four parameters has a strong linear relationship with the visually perceived degree of wrinkles, following the Web-Fetchner Law, the effective disparity curvature ( Dce) and the frequency component of the disparity curvature (Dcf) appeared to have stronger relationships with the visual perception. This finding is in agreement with the suggestion by Rogers & Cagenello that human visual system may compute the disparity curvature in discriminating curved surfaces. It also suggested an objective method of measuring the degree of surface wrinkles.

본 연구는 우리의 전통혼례음식을 발전시키기 위한 기초자료 수집의 일환으로서 부산, 경남지역 주부들의 혼례음식에 대한 관행 및 견해를 조사한 것이다. 응답한 525부의 설문지를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자는 부산지역 주부들이 77.9%, 경남지역 주부들이 22.1%이었으며, 30대가 34.5%, 40대가 31.8%를 차지하였고, 전업주부가 43.5%, 직장인이 34.7%, 고졸이 49.3%, 수입정도는 100만원대가 44.2%, 핵가족의 구성이 66.9%로 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였다. 2. 이바지음식, 폐백음식, 예단음식의 필요성은 이바지음식의 필요성이 가장 점수가 높았고(3.36±0.93), 연령이 높을수록 높은 점수를 보여 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 학력이 낮을수록 폐백음식(p〈0.01), 예단음식(p〈0.01)의 필요성에 높은 점수를 나타내어 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 또한 수입정도가 높을수록(p〈0.01), 핵가족 및 기타의 가족구성(p〈0.05)이 이바지음식의 필요성에 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 3. 봉치떡, 신부큰상, 시부모큰상, 함, 혼서지 등의 필요성은 시부모큰상이 3.19±0.97로 가장 높은 점수이며, 연령이 높을수록 봉치떡, 함, 혼서지에 유의적(p〈0.001)으로 높은 점수를 보였고, 신부큰상, 시부모큰상에도 유의적인 차이(p(0.01)를 나타냈다. 학력이 낮을수록 봉치떡(p〈0.01), 함(p〈0.05), 혼서지(p〈0.05)의 필요성에 대체로 높은 점수를 보였다. 4. 혼례음식의 종류 중 가장 선호하는 것은 떡(58.4%), 생선류(27.3%), 과일류(17.0%), 한과류(16.1%), 산적류(14.1%)의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 현행 혼례음식에 대한 견해는 좀더 간소화하여야 한다가 64.4%, 생략되어야 한다가 17.8%로 나타났으며 연령별(p〈0.001), 직업별(p〈0.01), 가족구성별(p〈0.05)로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 6. 현행 혼례음식의 상차림의 실천에 대한 견해는 간소화 한다 57.5%, 양가가 의논해서 23.4%로 나타났으며 직업별(p〈0.05)로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 7. 자녀를 결혼시킬 때 혼례음식을 장만하는 방법에 대한 견해는 손수 장만하겠다는 비율이 30.1%, 주문하겠다 28.7%로 나타났으며 연령별(p〈0.01) 직업별(p〈0.05)로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 8. 주부들 자신이 혼주가 되었을 때 음식차림의 정도에 대한 견해는 양가 상의 하에 간소화하겠다가 51.0%, 보통이면 만족하겠다 19.8%, 기본적인 것만 해도 좋다 1%로 나타났다. 이는 연령별(p〈0.05), 직업별(p〈0.05), 학력별(p〈0.05), 가족구성별(p〈0.05)로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 9. 혼례음식의 전수와 보존에 대한 견해는 조금씩 사라질 것이다가 52.1%, 유지될 것이다 21.8%로 나타나 연령별(p〈0.001), 직업별(p〈0.01)로 유의적인 차이를 보여 연령이 높을수록 전통을 유지하려는 것을 알 수 있었다. 10. 혼례음식과 예식절차와의 관계에 대한 견해는 시대에 따라 변해야 된다 57.5%, 너무 겉치레이다 17.9%로 나타났다. 연령별(p〈0.001), 학력별(p〈0.05)로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 1997년 이후 일부 계층의 부의 과시처럼 혼례음식을 준비하는 경향이 이루어져 극도로 사치화 하는 혼례음식에 대해 부정적인 견해를 나타내었지만 1999년 1월 6일자로 "가정의례의 정착 및 지원 에 관한 법률"이 제정되므로 인해 전면 허용됨에 따라 우리의 혼례음식 또한 그와 더불어 더욱 고급화, 허례허식화 된 것에 그 원인이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 신식혼례에 혼례음식은 전통을 고수18)한다는 명목하에 일부 부유층에서는 다시 혼례의 사치화가 일어나고 있는 것은 사실이나 최근 세계화는 곧 우리의 전통문화를 알리는 것이라는 목소리에 주부들이 전통음식에 대한 관심이 높아졌고 이는 학습으로 연결되어 많은 주부들이 혼례음식을 배우고 있기 때문에 혼례음식의 인지도가 높아진 것으로 사료된다. 하지만 아직도 현시대에 맞는 적합한 모델이 제시되지 않은 상태이고 혼례음식 또한 혼례풍습과 함께 이어져 나갈 것은 확연한 사실이므로 이에 우리는 현시대에 맞는 적합한 모델을 찾아야 할 것이다. 즉 혼례음식이 가지는 기복의 의미를 되살리고 혼례음식을 준비하는 우리의 주부들의 사회, 경제적 부담을 줄이면서 전통계승을 살릴 수 있는 모델의 제시가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

This is the research on the observing annual customs, the annual custom foods and the application of the annual custom foods to the school foodservice. We sample 419 housewives live in Kyungnam area and 174 dieticians work at the primary and secondary schools. Annual customs the housewives and dieticians observe at high degree are Chuseok, Seolral, Jeongwoldaeboreum, Dongji, Chopail, Sambok etc. The housewives observe more Seolral, Chuseok and Dongji than the dieticians and the dieticians observe more Sambok than the housewives.(P<.001) When they provide school foodservice, the dieticians observe Dongji at the highest degree. In Kyungnam they eat most the gakjongnamul as annual custom foods on Chuseok and Seolral. They eat most ogokbap and mugeunnamul on Jeongwoldaeboreum, minarinamul on Chopail, and samgyetang on Sambok and patjuk on Dongji as the annual custom foods. Most of dieticians (94.3%) answer that it is good to provide annual custom foods as the school foodservice on annual customs. However, they indicate some practical problems to do such as inadequacy of the school cooking facilities, its not suiting students' tastes, etc. The rate of housewives' answers that we have to transmit annual customs is higher than that of dieticians.(P<.001) Seolral topped the list of annual customs both housewives and dieticians answer must be transmitted, followed by Chuseok, Jeongwoldaeboreum, Dongji. Dongji is followed by Chopail(P<.001) in the housewives' answers while Sambok(P<.001) in the dieticians' answers. Though most of the respondents know the origins, dates and details of annual customs they think must be transmitted, they don't know well those of the other ones. By their mothers both housewives and dieticians have come to know about annual customs and mostly affected. Secondly housewives affected by their mothers-in-law while dieticians by their school education.(P<.001)