ZnO nanorods were successfully fabricated on Zn foil by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The ZnO precursor concentration and immersion time affected the surface morphologies, structure, and electrical properties of the ZnO nanorods. As the precursor concentration increased, the diameter of the ZnO nanorods increased from ca. 50 nm to ca. 150 nm. The thicknesses of the ZnO nanorods were from ca. 1.98μm to ca. 2.08μm. ZnO crystalline phases of (100), (002), and (101) planes of hexagonal wurtzite structure were confirmed by XRD measurement. The fabricated ZnO nanorods showed a photoluminescene property at 380 nm. Especially, the ZnO nanorods deposited for 6 h in solution with a concentration of 0.005M showed a stronger (101) peak than they did (100) or (002) peaks. In addition, these ZnO nanorods showed a good electrical property, with the lowest resistance among the four samples, because the nanorods were densely in contact and relatively without pores. Therefore, a ZnO nanorod substrate is useful as a highly sensitive biochip substrate to detect biomolecules using an electrochemical method.

The electrical properties of a laminated SMD type PTC thermistor for microcircuit protection were investigated as a function of polymer blowing agent addition. Green ceramics for multilayered BaTiO3-based PTCRs were formed by doctor blade method of barium titanate powders; we successfully laminated the sintered ceramic chips to obtain 10 layer chip PTCRs with PTC effect. The sintered density increases with increasing sintering temperature. The electrical properties of the sintered samples were strongly dependent on the calcination and addition of a polymer blowing agent. When BaTiO3 powders containing 0.2 mol% of Y2O3 were calcined at 1000˚C for 2 hrs, the resistivity jump was of 1-2 orders of magnitude. The resistivity at room temperature increases according to the polymer blowing agent addition. Also, the sample using the calcined powder showed a lower resistivity than that of the sample prepared using powders without calcinations. With an increase in the OBSH, the magnitude of the resistivity jumped as a function of the temperature increase. The resistivity of the sintered bodies after the addition of 0.5 wt% polymer blowing agent at 1290˚C for 2 h was shown to be about 8.5Ω·cm; the jump order of the sintered bodies was shown to be on the order of 102.

For the purpose of improving the durability problem, translucent opal glass was fabricated as a substitute for the polycarbonate diffuser of LED lighting. Calcium phosphate was used as an opacifier of opal glass and melted in an electric furnace. The opaque effect was identified according to the change of the cooling procedure. As results, translucent opal glass was obtained by the melting of a batch with a composition of 3.8% calcium phosphate at 1550˚C for 2 hrs and then the cooling of the material in the furnace. For the cooling condition of the glass sample, HTCG (High Temperature Cooled Glass) was found to have better optical properties than LTAG (Low Temperature Annealed Glass). It had excellent optical properties for a diffuser of LED lighting, with no dazzling from direct light due to its high haze value of over 99% and low parallel transmittance value of under 1%. For the thermal properties, it had an expressed thermal expansion coefficient of 5.7×10-6/˚C and a softening point of 876˚C; it also had good thermal properties such as good thermal shock resistance and was easy to apply to the general manufacturing process in the forming of glass tubes and bulbs. Therefore, it is concluded that this translucent opal glass can be used as a glass diffuser material for LED lighting with high heat resistance and high durability; this material is suitable as a substitute for polycarbonate diffusers.

The nutritional properties of the Kochujang were investigated with Fermented Extract of Hizikia fusiforme. No big differences in proximate compositions(moisture, Crude protein, Crude fat, and Crude ash, Carbohyrate) were observed between Two kinds of kochujangs tested in this study, general kochujang purchased from a market(GK), kochujang added with Fermented Extract of Hizikia fusiforme(FGK). However, FGK showed higher level of Total free amino acid(15,929.5 ng/mg), amino nitrogen(1715.88 mg%) and mineral contens than GK. the analysis of volatile compounds using GC/MS revealde than the fermentation dramatically removed off-flavors such as Acetaldehyde, Silane rimethyl(2-methylphenyl)-, 1H-Indole 2-phenyl-1-(trimethylsilyl) in Fermented Extract of Hizikia fusiforme(FGK).

To know proper drying condition for making a safe Sunsik, uncooked food, microbial and physicochemical characteristics of cereal dried by hot-air drying was investigated. As moisture content of 3 Sunsik samples was reduced to about 8%, protein, carbohydrate, fat and ash content of those was increased. But approximate composition of black bean, black rice and glutinous millete and black bean showed little changes during hot-air drying (30, 40, 50oC). Lightness (L value), redness (a value) and yellowness (b value) was increased after hot-air drying. In case of black rice and glutinous millet, b value and L value wasn't changed individually. When we measured a texture for 3 kinds of raw cereal for, hardness of dried cereals was lower than raw cereals. Hardness of dried cereals was increasd as drying temperature was increased. As results of mocrobiologicl experiment for 3 kinds of sunsik on hot-air drying conditions, total cell count was reduced 2 log - 3 log and other pathogenic microorganism wasn't detected except B. cereus.

Cellular microenvironment is an essential issue for regulating epithelial characteristics through the alteration of intricate signaling pathways and intercellular communications in different cell types. Thus, microenvironment influences tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microenvironment and epithelial property in HPV16 E6/E7-immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOKs). To investigate characteristics of IHOK cultured in different media, two media were used, which included keratinocyte growth media (KGM), F-medium composed of 3:1 ratio of DMEM and F-12 (P media) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Proliferative property and invasive and migratory activity were observed. As results, proliferating activities of IHOK in different culture condition were changed. Likewise, migratory and invasive activities were also different depending on media types. These results suggest that cellular microenvironment can affect modification of biological properties of epithelial cells.

It seems most important for a manufacturing company to be well aware of its relationship with suppliers. This is why it is essential to analyze and control the structural relationship among CEO's characteristics, relations between suppliers and manufacturers and new product development performances affected by such relations. The present study may be summed up as follows: First, from the analysis of characteristics of manufacturing company's CEO and relations between suppliers and manufacturers, it could be verified that CEO's characteristics exercised influence upon sharing of product development process and upon cooperation for technical manpower, but not upon sharing of core technologies, signifying the fact that nothing could be more important than the role of CEO who has strong will to improve his or her relations with suppliers; and Second, from the analysis of relations between suppliers and manufacturers as well as relations between management and new product development performances, it became evident that both management performance and product development performance were affected by sharing of product development process. It was also known that cooperation for technical development process had influence upon the product development performance but not upon the management performance. Furthermore, the analysis showed that both management performance as well as product development performance were affected by sharing of core technologies.

In the limitless competition era of the 21st century, cost reduction is being highlighted as one of survival strategies of businesses. The first item for cost reduction of businesses is logistical costs. The most keenly required thing for this is to remove unnecessary elements, and the best way to realize it to cut down processes using automatic facilities. Packing container in logistics is like a facility. This study is intended to analyze reduction of costs, improvement of business process and reduction of working force through standardization of standardization, and logistics effects through improvement of environmental images in enterprises.

This study was performed in order to determine the processing conditions (pre-drying at room temperature for 0 or 30 min, frying at 160℃ for 1 min or at 180℃ for 40 sec, and soaking for 0～24 h) of Sasambeong recorded in the “Sumunsasul”. The Sasambeong was evaluated for crude lipid content, hardness, Hunter’s color values, and sensory characteristics. After pre-drying at room temperature for 30 min, the crude lipid contents and hardness of Sasambeong were significantly increased. In addition, the crude lipid content and hardness of Sasambeong did not differ significantly according to the frying conditions. After pre-drying, the sensory characteristics of Sasambeong showed more improvement. The crude lipid content, hardness, Hunter’s color values, and sensory characteristics of Sasambeong, which were prepared according to different soaking times (0, 6, 12, or 24 hr) were investigated. As soaking time increased, the crude lipid content and hardness of Sasambeong decreased with a range of 25.43～24.31% and 525.90～388.98 g, respectively. The sensory characteristics of Sasambeong showed no significant difference according to the soaking time. Overall, we think that the best processing conditions of Sasambeong were pre-drying at room temperature for 30 min and then frying at 160℃ for 1 min.

This study examined the historical changes in Jeon. The Korean dictionary was analyzed to analyze the modern definition of Jeon. To investigate the change in the type and cooking methods of Jeon, 36 cookbooks from the late 1800s to 1999 were analyzed. The cooking method for Jeon, such as the ingredient, quantity and how to cooking were presented systematically since 1935. The main ingredients of jeon in modern cookbooks are seafood 36.0%, vegetables 30.2% and meat 20.3%. Jeon made with seafood or vegetables, chopped meat put in each main ingredient or meatballs with minced meat, etc. meat was used to make Jeon in a variety of ways. The cooking method for Jeon in a frying pan is the most basic method. After trimmed materials, adding flour, eggs and oil are the most common way. Making dough with grain flour or ground potatoes, green beans, legumes, etc., and mixing the ingredients in a pan-frying methods appeared to be under the influence of other countries recipes. Modern food culture, introducing new ingredients and cookware, has changed. As a result, jeon cooking methods and the application of the material have varied. The type of jeon and cooking methods are expected to increase further and become more diverse.

물벼룩 급성 독성 평가를 위한 비타민A 강화벼의 분자생물학적 특성을 분석한 결과, Southern blot에서 베타-카로틴 생합성을 위한 Psy와 CrtI 유전자들이 one-copy로 도입됨을 확인하였으며, 선발마커인 Bar 유전자의 단백질 검출 immunostrip 분석에서도 비타민A 강화벼에서만 검출되었다. 비타민A 강화벼의 목적하는 최종 산물인 베타-카로틴 함량도 낙동벼에 비해 8.9배 증가됨을 확인하였다. 비타민A 강화벼와 낙동벼의 농업환경 생물지표종인 물벼룩(Daphniamagna)에 대한 급성독성시험을 실시한 결과, 비타민A 강화벼의 48시간-EC50은 3,311.40 mg/L(95% 신뢰한계 : 2,901.39 ~ 3,779.23 mg/L), 무영 향농도(NOEC)는 1,800 mg/L였고, 낙동벼는 48시간-EC50은 3,655.23 mg/L(95% 신뢰한계 : 3,156.71 ~ 4,232.86 mg/L), 무영향농도는 1,800 mg/L였다. 따라서 Psy와 CrtI 유전자가 형질전환된 비타민A 강화벼 및 낙동벼가 환경 지표생물종인 물벼룩에 미치는 영향 평가 결과 상대적 동등성을 보였으며, 이는 Psy와 CrtI 유전자의 단백질 노출이 물벼룩에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 용매열합성법(solvothermal method)을 이용해 나노기공 HKUST-1 분리막을 제조하였다. In-situ 용매열합성법을 이용하는 경우, 매크로 기공의 알루미나 지지체 위에 균일하고 균열이 없는 HKUST-1 층을 형성하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 용매열합성 전에 알루미나 지지체의 표면을 가열한 상태에서 용매열합성의 전구체 용액을 분무하므로 연속적이고 균열이 없는 HKUST-1 분리막을 제조할 수 있었다. 합성된 HKUST-1 분리막은 XRD, FE-SEM 및 단일 기체투과 실험 등을 통해 분석하였다.

경기지역에서 담배가루이의 발생 및 약제반응을 조사하였다. 담배가루이는 13개 시군에서 발생되었으며, 유전자(16S rRNA, MtCOI) 분석결과, 고양시 일부지역은 biotype B와 Q가 혼재되었으나, 그 밖의 지역에서 2005부터 국내 발생이 보고되었던 biotype Q로 나타났다. 채집곤충 및 기주식물의 total DNA에 대해 PCR을 통한 염기서열 분석과 southern hybridization 분석 결과 모든 지역에서 Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(TYLCV)는 검출되지 않았다. 5개 지역에서 채집한 6 개체군의 담배가루이를 실내사육하면서 유묘검정법으로 성충에 대한 살충제 감수성을 검정한 결과, 지역별로 다소 차이는 있었지만 네오니코티노이드계 약제의 경우 biotype B에게 높은 살충활성을 나타낸 반면 biotype Q에게는 상대적으로 낮은 살충활성을 나타내었다.

년간 시비기준량을 설정하기 위해 포도 신품종(진옥, 홍이슬)의 각 부분의 양분흡수량을 4년간 조사하였다. 첫번째 해에는 다른 품종보다 진옥 품종의 뿌리 발달이 왕성하게 이루어지는 것으로 조사되었다. 1~2년 생장한 포도와 비교해 볼 때 3~4년 생장한 포도는 비슷한 비율의 양분을 흡수하였지만 약 30%의 양분이 과실로 배분되었다. 칼륨은 과실에 있어서 중요한 양분으로 과피와 과육에 건물중 대비 약 1%의 함량을 나타내었다. 마그네슘은 주로 엽병에 건물중 대비 약 1%로 집적되었다. 칼슘은 잎에 축적되었고(0.95%) 그 양은 잎의 질소함량(1.25%)과 비슷한 양이었다. 진옥 품종의 4년생 양분요구량은 질소 55.5g, 인산 7.7g, 칼륨 42.0g, 칼슘 34.6g, 마그네슘 11.1g으로 캠벨얼리 품종의 질소 57.4g, 인산 7.9g, 칼륨 44.4g, 칼슘37.3g, 마그네슘 12.2g 보다 적은양임을 알 수 있었다. 다른 품종에 비해서 홍이슬의 경우에는 적은양의 양분이 요구되었는데 낮은 발아율과 빈가지 증상을 조절할 수 있는 재배적 조치가 선행되어야 할 것이다.

경남농업기술원 화훼육종연구소에서 1997년부터 교 배조합 육성을 위하여 국내의 재배농가와 종묘업체로 부터 유전자원을 수집하였다. 핑크 미니 다화성계 육종 을 위해 교배모본으로 ‘Banya Nabi’를 부본으로 ‘Pink Gem Stripe’를 이용하여 2001년에서부터 2009 년에 걸쳐 교배 및 계통선발육종을 하였다. 선발된 우 수계통을 대상으로 2007년부터 2009년까지 3회의 특 성 검정을 거쳐서 호접란 신품종 ‘리틀핑크스타’를 개 발하였다. ‘리틀핑크스타’는 연한핑크 계의 꽃을 가진 소륜계 품종으로 화형도 우수하며 화경의 분지성이 높 아 화수가 많고 전체 볼륨감이 좋다. ‘리틀핑크스타’는 생육속도도 빠르고 재배하기가 용이하였으며 평균 꽃 수명 또한 55일 이상으로 길다. 연한핑크계 소륜 품종 으로는 시장성이 높고 소비자기호도가 높을 것으로 판 단되어 2010년 국립종자원에 품종출원하여 2011년 12 월에 품종등록을 완료하였다.

In this study, the masking effect of olfactory stimulus on the awakening state due to sound stimuli while driving using Graphic Driving Simulator was observed through the response of autonomic nervous system. The test was conducted for 11 males in their twenties. The siren of ambulance car was presented to them as auditory stimulus for 30 secs while driving in a situation of high way in the condition of both peppermint and control, respectively, and LF/HF ratio of HRV (Heart Rate Variability), the activity index of sympathetic nerve, and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) response were examined. The test was proceeded in the order of three stages, that is, sound stimuli (test 1), driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 2), and fragrance stimulus, driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 3), and the physiological signal of GSR, HRV was measured in the whole stages. As a result of test, comparing the results of before and after auditory stimulus test (1) (p < 0.01), test (2) (p < 0.05), and test (3) (p <0.01), driving performance test (2) (p < 0.01), test (3) (p < 0.01), and olfactory stimulus test (3) (p < 0.05), respectively, GSR response increased, showing significant difference in all the tests. It indicates that when auditory stimulus was presented to the subjects, they were in the awakening state as sympathetic nervous system got activated. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was no significant difference in GSR response. The LF/HF ratio of HRV increased, showing a significant difference only in test (2) (p < 0.05), and in driving performance test (2) (p < 0.05) in auditory stimulus, however, it showed no significant difference in olfactory stimulus. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was a decrease, showing significant difference (p < 0.05) in LF/HF ratio of HRV. That is, it means that the activation of sympathetic nervous system decreased, and that parasympathetic nervous system got activated. From these results, it was observed that while driving, the awakening level due to auditory stimulus was settled with olfactory stimulus. In conclusion, it was drawn that while driving, olfactory stimulus could have the masking effect on auditory stimulus.

Osteoarthritis is one of the commonest causes associated with age-related damage of articular cartilage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in osteoarthritic patient. However, long term administration of these drugs results gastrointestinal disorders. Though, most studies have demonstrated in the past that bee venom has therapeutic effect on diseases related to inflammation and pains, but its anti-inflammatory properties have not been so far studied on inflamed chondrocytes (LPS induced) invitro. For the purpose, the study was carried out to determine the effect of bee venom on porcine articular chondrocyte cell using microarray. In this study, we found that 2,235 significantly associated gene (1,404 up-regulated genes and 831 down-regulated genes) that were expressed on inflamed and non inflamed chondrocytes during proliferation. Among the 1,404 up-regulated genes and 831 down-regulated genes, known genes were 372 and 237, respectively. On the other hand, bee venom significantly reduced expression of fetuin involved in acute inflammatory reaction. Our results suggest that this study could be useful database in gene expression profiling of chondrocyte cell treated with bee venom.

3D 모델링 및 렌더링 과정에서 모델의 컬러를 재현하기 위해 사용되는 RGB 컬러 정보는 특정 사물의 단순한 컬러 재현에는 용이하나 광원 효과나 주변의 다른 환경요인에 의해 컬러가 변화되는 경우에 대한 렌더링 시 가상공간에서 실제의 컬러를 재현하기에는 한계가 있다. 실제 컬러는 광원의 스펙트럼이 물체에 반사되어 인간의 시각 시스템에 인지되는데, 이때 3개의 필터를 통해 스펙트럼 정보가 걸러지고 각필터의 출력값이 컬러로 인지된다. 따라서 주변광원이나 물체의 반사율에 의해 두개의 스펙트럼이 다르더라도 인간 시각에는 동일하게 인지되는 조건등색 현상이 발생할 수 있으며, 또한 조명과 물체의 스펙트럼 특성에 의해 인지되는 컬러를 단순한 RGB 데이터만으로 재현하기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 3D모델에서 컬러 정보를 포함하고 있는 RGB 기반의 텍스쳐맵이 아닌 스펙트럼맵을 사용한 컬러렌더링 기법을 제안한다. 스펙트럼 기반 카메라 특성화를 통해 획득된 영상의 스펙트럼 정보를 3D 모델링 및 렌더링에 사용하기 위한 스펙트럼맵으로 생성하고 고속렌더링에 적용하기 위해 이를 최적화하였다. 스펙트럼맵을 사용하여 광원 및 주변환경에 의한 컬러 변화에 대한 스펙트럼 렌더링이 가능하게 되었다.

메이크업 및 분장 시뮬레이션 시스템은 컴퓨터를 이용하여 가상으로 메이크업을 수행하는 시스템으로,일반 사용자들은 자신의 얼굴에 가상으로 다양한 화장품을 적용함으로써 자신에게 어울리는 화장품 및메이크업 스타일을 간편하게 시뮬레이션 해볼 수 있다. 이러한 메이크업 시뮬레이션 시스템에서는 정확한 화장품의 컬러 표현이 가장 중요한 요소이다. 하지만 현재 메이크업 시뮬레이션 시스템에서는 화장품 선택 시 사용자의 얼굴 피부색은 반영되지 않고 화장품의 컬러만 덧씌우는 형태로 자연스럽지 못한결과를 보여준다. 본 논문에서는 메이크업 시뮬레이션상에서 피부색을 반영하여 자연스럽게 화장품의컬러를 나타내는 실감 컬러 재현을 위해, 다양한 종류의 화장품에 대한 측색을 통하여 화장품의 종류에따른 색상분포를 분석하였고, 실제 피부색에 대하여 화장품을 적용하기 전과 후의 스펙트럼 측정을 통하여 피부색에 화장품이 적용된 후 컬러 변화에 대한 분석이 이루어졌다. 또한 화장품을 혼합하여 사용할 경우 정확한 혼합 결과를 모델링하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 모델링한 결과와 실제 화장품 혼합 결과를 스펙트럼 측정 후 비교한 결과, 오차값이 ΔEab6이하로 실제 컬러와 유사한 컬러를 모델링 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

Welded Unreinforced Flange-Welded Web (WUF-W) connection is one of Special Moment Frame (SMF) specified in ANSI/AISC-358. From the experimental test of WUF-W connection specimens conducted by the previous study, fracture occurred in the beam flange before achieving total inter-story drift angle of 0.04radian required for Special Moment Frames (SMF) system even though the specimens satisfied the design and detailing requirement specified in ANSI/AISC-358. These results are estimated as problem of the access hole geometry. In this study, a full-scale WUF-W connection specimen was made with a modified access hole geometry, and tested with the same test setting and loading as the previous test. From test results, the deformation capacity of the tested WUF-W connection specimen exceeded 4%, which is required for connections in SMF system. Comparing with the WUF-W specimens of the previous study, the strain demand of the beam flange in the tested specimen was decreased and energy dissipation capacity of the specimen was improved.