This study was carried out to investigate the current status of pesticide residues in 3,735 agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul from January to December in 2008. 3,735 samples, comprising 119 types of agricultrural products were assessed via a multiresidue method to detect 260 pesticides. Pesticide residues were detected in 19.7%(737 of 3,735 samples), and the rate at which the detected residues violated the maximum residue levels(MRLs) of the Korean Food Code was 3.2%(121 of 3,735 samples). Pesticide residues were detected in 72 spinaches, 64 peppers, 45 sweet peppers, 40 perilla leaves, 38 korean cabbages and 37 dried agricultural products. The samples that violated the MRLs included 14 perilla leaves, 13 spinaches, 12 leek, 6 lettuces(leaf), 6 chards and 6 gyeojchaes. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, tebuconazole and fenvalerate were all frequently observed. Procymidone, endosulfan, dimethomorph and diniconazole were the pesticides most frequently detected at levels that violated the Korean Food Code MRLs.

A survey of total aflatoxin levels was conducted on 145 samples(carthamiflos, thujae semen, giycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma) collected in Yakyeang markets in Seoul. Aflatoxin levels were quantified by the immunoaffinity column clean-up method followed by performance liguid chromatography(HPLC)-fluorescence detector(FLD). Aflatoxins were found in 10(6.9%)samples including 5 Arecae semen, 4 Thujae semen, 1 Zizyphi semen with a range of 0.45~79.15 μg/kg. Generally These results show that the contamination level of aflatoxins in Herb Medicines consumed in Korea is high compared with the standard in Korea Herb Medicine Code(10 μg/kg as aflatoxin B1). It is considered that aflatoxin concentration was increased in herb medicines during a storage and drying in herb medicines examined

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides among the agricultural products in northern area of Seoul in 2007. 3,026 samples was analyzed by multiresidue method. Detected Pesticide in 11 cases were procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cyermethrin, fenvalerate, hexaconazole, carbendazim, pendimethalin, permethrin, parathion and exceeded 7 cases of endosulfan, procymidone, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate in the maximum residue limits(MRLs). Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos comprised up to 80.5% in detected pesticides. Among the 321 cases of detected agricultural products, 287 cases(89.4%) were vegetables, 25 cases (7.8%) were fruits, Others were 9 cases(2.8%).

In an effort to evaluate the currents in pesticide residues, 3,020 agricultural products were tested by multiresidue method with 260 pesticides, obtained from the circulation market of in the Gangbuk province in 2007.20.4%(616/3020) of the products were determined to contain pesticides residues, but only 4.1%(124/3020) of these were deemed to be unsuitable by the korea Food Code. Unsuitably products were spinach(21.0%), perilla leaf(17.3%), ulgari(13.6%), leek(12.4%), crowndaisy(12.4%), asterscaber(12.4%), chard(11.1%). Detected pesticides were procymidone(3.9%), endosulfan(2.6%), chlorfenapyr(2.2%), bifenthrin (1.3%), cypermethrin(0.7%), metalaxyl( 0.9%), azoxystrobin(0.3%) and chlorothalonil(0.7%). Sixty-four pesticides were detected and 11 pesticides were newly detected in 2007. Thirty-one pesticides in agricultural products exceeded their MRLs.

본 연구는 미국에서 우리나라 전통과자인 한과의 판매 가능성과 수용여부를 파악하기 위해서 미국인 대학생을 대상으로 설문조사와 관능검사를 실시한 결과이다. 설문 시에는 적절한 양과 가격, 섭취경험, 구입의사 등에 대해서 조사하였고, 관능검사 시에는 다식, 산자, 약과, 엿강정에 대해서 색깔-모양- 냄새와 greasiness, sweetness, firmness, adhesiveness, crispiness, dryness, overall acceptance에 대해서 평가하였다. 관능검사 결과 약과는 greasiness 가 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.01), 산자와 엿강정은 crispiness 가 유의적으로 높게 조사되었다(p<0.01) 전체적인 수용도는 다식이 유의적으로 낮게 조사되었다(p<0.01). 조사대상자는 한과를 스낵(42.9%)으로 이용하겠다고 가장 많이 응답했다. 그러나 구입의사에 대한 항목에서는 시식 후 90.5% 가 구입의사가 없다고 응답했으므로 한과의 세계화를 위해서는 각 나라의 식문화를 고려하여 각 나라 사람들에게 친숙한 향과 맛을 첨가하여 제품을 생산할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

A study on the recognition on the mushrooms by elementary school pupils, middle school students and school dietitians were-carried out. The ways of cooking mushrooms by school dietitians were also investigated. Most students and dietitians highly recognized mushrooms as good food. The most favorite mushroom was Flammulina velutipes, the cooking of mushrooms with meat and the hot mushroom soup with meat(Jungol) being the most preferred cooking methods. School ditetitians like to use mushrooms in school lunch and generally use medium or high duality mushrooms. Students, however, do not tend to prefer mushrooms compared to other vegetables. Mushroom dishes that can promote the consumption by students are mushroom bulgogi, mushroom pizza, sweet and sour mushroom in the order.

중국, 일본, 한국인의 3개국의 소비자들을 대상으로 버섯의 소비형태를 조사하였다. 버섯의 주된 구입장소는 중국인은 시장, 일본인과 한국인은 마트였으며 버섯의 이용정도는 한국인보다는 중국인과 일본인이 더 자주 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 버섯을 구입할때 모양과 가격을 가장 먼저 보는 것으로 조사되었으며 버섯가공품에 대한 인지도는 한국인(45.1%)에 비하여 중국인(68.3%)과 일본인 (62.4%)이 높았으며 주로 구입해본 가공품으로는 중국인과 일본인 조사 대상자들은 버섯절임류(특히, 일본-병조림)가 가장 많았으며 한국인 조사 대상자들은 버섯차를 가장 많이 구입해 본 것으로 나타났다. 식용버섯(느타리, 큰느타리, 표고버섯)의 구입 형태를 조사한 결과 느타리버섯과 큰느타리버섯의 경우는 생것을 선호하였으며, 표고버섯은 건조품을 많이 이용하였고 주된 요리방법은 볶음이었다. 느타리버섯의 경우 갓의 크기에 따른 선호도를 조사한 결과 중국인과 한국인들은 각각 47.9%와 71.2% 갓의 크기가 2-5cm인 버섯을 선택하는 반면 일본인들은 50.6%가 갓이 2cm이하인 것을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

복소모드 중첩법은 점탄성 감쇠기가 설치된 비비례 감쇠시스템의 정확한 동적 거동을 예측할 수 있는 방법이지만 많은 자유도를 갖는 고층건물의 해석시 고유치 해석과 모드중첩과정에서 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 모형화를 위하여 강막가정과 행렬응축기법을 적용하고 구조물의 진동에 영향을 주는 주요모드의 선택을 위한 복소모드 응답참여계수를 제안하므로써 복소모드 중첩법의 효율성은 높였다. 또한 비비례 감쇠시스템에서 감쇠를 고려하여 응답스펙트럼을 재구성한후 선택된 주요 모드를 중첩하여 최대층간변위가 발생하는 곳에 감쇠기를 설치하였다 이 방법은 감쇠기가 설치된 구조물에 대하여 만족되는 수준의 최대층간변위가 발생할 때 까지 고유치 해석만을 반복.수행하면서 감쇠기를 연속적으로 설치하는 방법이다. 제안된 방법의 정확성과 효율성을 검토하기 위하여 예제 구조물의 대상으로 해석한 결과 응답의 정확성을 유지하면서 해석에 필요한 시간을 대폭 절감할 수 있었다.

건물의 진동에너지 소산능력을 향상하기 위하여 점탄성감쇠를 설치하게 되면 이른바 비비례 감쇠시스템이 되어 구조물은 복소수형태의 고유모드와 고유치를 가진다. 복소모드중첩법은 이러한 복소모드를 이용하여 중첩함으로써 비비례 감쇠시스템 구조물의 정확한 동적 거동을 얻을 수 있는 방법이다. 그러나 건물이 고층화되면 많은 자유도로 인하여 고유치해석 및 모드중첩과정에서 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 구조물의 모형화를 위하여 강막가정과 행렬응축기법을 적용하였다. 또한 몇 개의 주요 모드만을 선택하여 중첩하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였으며 구조물의 진동에 영향을 주는 모드의 선택을 위한 복소모드 응답참여계수를 제안하였다. 제안된 해석방법의 정확성과 효율성을 검토하기 위하여 예제 구조물을 대상으로 해석한 결과, 응답의 정확성을 유지하면서 해석에 필요한 시간을 대폭 절감할 수 있었다.

This study was carried out to have the basic and applied informations relating to develop the cultivation methods and to increase the productivity and quality of ginseng. 1 to 6 year old ginsengs of Jakyung cultivar were cultivated and the content and synthetic amount of carbohydrates were investigated with different plant tissues, growth stages, and years old. The concentration of total carbohydrates at six year old ginseng including water soluble and water insoluble carbohydrates was about 18.9%, 42.9%, and 43,6% in leaves, tap roots, and lateral roots, respectively. Water soluble carbohydrate of tap and lateral roots was slightly decreased from August until September, and then increased on November, whereas its water insoluble carbohydrate was increased from August to September and then decreased on November. Comparing with the content of carbohydrates of 1 to 6 year old ginsengs, it was continuously increased from one year old ginseng until five year old ginseng, however it was not increased much in six year old ginseng. The highest content of carbohydrates was at five year-old in all tissues of ginseng. Water soluble and water insoluble carbohydrates were significantly shown different in leaves, stems, tap roots, and lateral root at different growth stages and with different years old. The content of water soluble carbohydrate in the leaves was remarkedly higher compared to that of water insoluble carbohydrate, while in the root the content of water insoluble carbohydrate was clearly higher compared to the water soluble carbohydrate. Comparing with the synthetic amount of carbohydrates, water soluble carbohydrates was higher in the shoot than that in the root, whereas water-insoluble carbohydrates higher in the root than that in the shoot. Carbohydrates which would be utilized in ginseng tissues for short and long-term periods as major energy were appeared differently in between shoot and root, with different growth stages, and years old.